考研考研英语一真题含答案解析.docx

考研考研英语一真题含答案解析.docx

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考研考研英语一真题含答案解析

1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,

thechoiceofwordsis1theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceof

2breakdownisinthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseofwords__3ameetingof

themindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay___4unfavorable

reactionsinthelistener5interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-reception

systembreaksdown.6__,inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymake___7difficultforthe

listenertounderstandthe8whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothave

specificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe9toexplainordescribeina10that

canbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.

1.[A]of[B]at[C]for[D]on

2.[A]inaccessible[B]timely[C]likely[D]invalid

3.[A]encourages[B]prevents[C]destroys[D]offers

4.[A]passout[B]takeaway[C]backup[D]stirup

5.[A]who[B]as[C]which[D]what

6.[A]Moreover[B]However[C]Preliminarily[D]Unexpectedly

7.[A]that[B]it[C]so[D]this

8.[A]speech[B]sense[C]message[D]meaning

9.[A]obscure[B]difficult[C]impossible[D]unable

10.[A]case[B]means[C]method[D]way

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

Passage1

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-

orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheir

moneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,

strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;

andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoods

andservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividual

consumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividuals

tomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesare

usedtoproduceit.

Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumer

demandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,this

mechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponseto

relativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshort

supplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfrom

themarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,this

willtendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceand

permitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmerican

economicsystem.

Theimportantfactorinaprivateenterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoown

productiveresources（privateproperty）,andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolover

naturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,the

conceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalso

certainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwith

anotherprivateindividual.

11.InLine11,Para1,“thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes

[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes

[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes

[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased

[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes

12.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat__.

[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction

[B]consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers

[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts

[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices

13.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby__.[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned

[B]manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol[C]ownershipofproductiveresources

[D]freecontractsandprices

14.Thepassageismainlyabout__.

[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced

[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods

[C]howAmericaneconomicsystemworks

[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofitsPassage2

OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.They

givetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,and

evenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecredit

cardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscattered

locations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe“cashlessso

notonthehorizon—it’salreadyhere.

Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellers

too.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawide

rangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallows

businessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfast

theyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesame

timethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,

allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferred

customersforpromotional.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersforsimilarreasons.

Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,which

todevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofraw

materialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.

Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasand

electricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughthe

useofcomputers.

15.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto__.[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes

[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo

[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper

[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto

16.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat__.[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards

[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash

[D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore

17.Thephrase"ringupsales"（Line3,Para.2）mostprobablymeans_”.[A]makeanorderofgoods[B]recordsalesonacashregister[C]callthesalesmanager[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock18.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

“__

[A]Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.

[B]Conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.

[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.

[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.

Passage3

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.For

thesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothose

differences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheir

environmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareofthe

importanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthe

societyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Andit

isinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety

’stheunderstandingknowledge,

—

hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatminorwecanseethestrengths,the

weaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestin

exceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrong

feelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunityto

fullydeveloptheircapabilities.

“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We’vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeanforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry

denoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.That

conceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpin

learningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourt

decisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,

andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,

schoolsaremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothose

whocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

19.InParagraph2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshowthat

_____.

[A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthesociety

[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildrenare