考研英语试题及答案.docx

考研英语试题及答案.docx

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考研英语试题及答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（二）试题

　　SectionI UseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth。

　　Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI ___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese。

　　Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem 9, theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit, 10  otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor 11 .Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers  12  asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta  13   BMI。

　　Todaywehavea（an）_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools。

1.[A]denied   [B]conduced     [C]doubled      [D]ensured

2.[A]protective  [B]dangerous    [C]sufficient    [D]troublesome

3.[A]Instead   [B]However    [C]Likewise      [D]Therefore

4.[A]indicator   [B]objective    [C]origin     [D]example

5.[A]impact    [B]relevance    [C]assistance    [D]concern

6.[A]intermsof  [B]incaseof   [C]infavorof  [D]inof

7.[A]measures    [B]determines   [C]equals      [D]modifies

8.[A]inessence    [B]incontrast   [C]inturn   [D]inpart

9.[A]complicated  [B]conservative  [C]variable  [D]straightforward

10.[A]so      [B]unlike      [C]since      [D]unless

11.[A]shape    [B]spirit     [C]balance     [D]taste

12.[A]start    [B]quality      [C]retire     [D]stay

13.[A]strange   [B]changeable   [C]normal     [D]constant

14.[A]option    [B]reason     [C]opportunity   [D]tendency

15.[A]employed   [B]pictured     [C]imitated    [D]monitored

16.[A]compared      [B]combined   [C]settled    [D]associated

17.[A]Even       [B]Still      [C]Yet      [D]Only

18.[A]despised     [B]corrected    [C]ignored    [D]grounded

19.[A]discussions  [B]businesses    [C]policies    [D]studies

20.[A]for     [B]against      [C]with      [D]without

　　SectionII ReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Whatwouldyoudowith590m?

ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton。

　　Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers。

　　Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision（somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit）.Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession。

　　Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent。

　　21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?

　　[A]Abighouse  

　　[B]Aspecialtour  

　　[C]Astylishcar 

　　[D]Arichmeal

　　22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis 

　　[A]critical 

　　[B]supportive 

　　[C]sympathetic 

　　[D]ambiguous 

　　23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat  

　　[A]consumersaresometimesirrational 

　　[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality 

　　[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective 

　　[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure 

　　24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney 

　　[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism 

　　[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase 

　　[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus 

　　[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement 

　　25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto  

　　[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney 

　　[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries 

　　[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent 

　　[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

　　Text2

　　AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”，or“illusorysuperiority”，andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities。

　　Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff。

　　PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust（thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal）weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”，saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebook therefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves。

　　26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.  

　　[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

　　[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

　　[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

　　[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

　　27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s______

　　[A]rapidwatching 

　　[B]consciouschoice

　　[C]intuitiveresponse

　　[D]automaticself-defence

　　28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-