On Translation of Lengthy English Sentences论英语长句的汉译.docx

On Translation of Lengthy English Sentences论英语长句的汉译.docx

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OnTranslationofLengthyEnglishSentences论英语长句的汉译

OnTranslationofLengthyEnglishSentences

论英语长句的汉译

Acknowledgements

Firstandforemost,I’dliketoexpressthisgratitudetoallthosewhowereofgreathelpinmycompositionofthisessay,especiallymytutor,Mrs.WuHongfang,whowasalsomyAdvancedEnglishteacherduringmyjunioryearandwhoselflesslyinstructedmewithherdedicationanderudition.WuwalkedmethroughmyEnglishlearningforanentireyearandnowallthestagesofthewritingofthisessay.PleaseallowmetogivemyspecialthankstomyteacherandtutorMr.WuHongfangoncemore.Moreover,withoutherilluminatingandpatientcorrectingandcomments,I’dneveradvancemyessaytosuchlevelorbeawould-begraduateI’llsoonturninto.Iamalsogreatlyindebtedtoallmyteacherswhohavehelpedmetodevelopthefundamentalandessentialacademiccompetence.Mysincereappreciationalsogoestoallmyclassmates,whoaretheprideofmylife.Lastbutnotleast,Iwanttothankallmyfriendsverymuch,especiallymyloyalandtrustworthyroommatesfortheirmiscellaneousandcontinuousencouragementandsupport.

OnTranslationofLengthyEnglishSentences

Abstract

ThisessayaimsattheChinesetranslationoflongEnglishsentencesinawayofcorrectnessandprecision.Itmainlycontainsatrainofthoughtsandseveralmethodsforthiswork.ThroughananalysisofthesituationoftheresearchoftheChinesetranslationoflongEnglishsentences,wecantellthattheseresearchesfocusonthemethodforthetranslationandthearrangementofthetargetlanguage–Chinese,however,thistosomeextendignoresanimportantaspectwhichcouldgreataffecttheoriginalmeaning,thatis,theculture,whichwillcertainlybediscussedinthisessay.Acorrectunderstandingofthesentencestructure,whichrunsthroughthewholesentence,iscertainlytheprerequisiteofstartingatranslation.Divergencebetweenthetwolanguagescanalsoexertanimportantimpactonthework,whichcanguaranteetheprecisionandtheoriginaltastetothegreatestextent.Themainmethodscontainthemethodssortedbysequence,includingsequence,invertedsequenceandinsertion,separationandsynthesis.Thekeytoachieveaperfecttranslationcan’tbedefinedrestrictivelywithjustafewwords,sothisessaywillcomprehensivelyillustratethesepointsonthelevelashighaspossible.

KeyWords:

longsentence;understanding;difference;methods;expressing

论英语长句的汉译

摘要

本论文研究如何准确到位的把英语中的长句翻译成中文，主要包括此类翻译的思路和方法。

通过对英语长句汉译研究现状的分析,我们可以发现这之前的研究方向主要在于翻译方法和汉语语言组织,但是忽略了两语言之间的文化差异对翻译会产生的影响，本论文将对这个问题作出弥补。

句子结构贯穿一个句子的始终,所以对其的正确理解是开始翻译的前提。

中英两种语言的差异性也会对翻译产生影响,这一点可以最大保证目的语言中,源语言的原汁原味。

本论文认为英语长句的主要翻译方法包括顺译法、逆序法、插入法，分译法和综合法。

完美的翻译不能用简单的几个单词就可以定义的,本论文将对这几点问题进行详细论述。

关键词:

长句；理解；差异；方法；表达

Contents

Acknowledgements…………………………………………….…………………..…I

Abstract…..………………………………………………….……….………..……..II

摘要……….……………...……………….…………….…….………..……….…III

Chapter1Introduction…….……………………….……….………………….….....1

Chapter2DifficultiesinTranslatingLengthyEnglishSentences.……..…….……3

2.1Morphology…….………………………………………………..….….3

2.1.1Polysemy……….…………………………..…………………....3

2.1.2Synonyms….……………….….………………….…………...…3

2.1.3Idioms……….….………………….….…………………..…...…4

2.1.4Modifiers……….….………………….….………………...….…6

2.2DifferencebetweenStructuringEnglishandChineseSentences.…..….6

2.2.1Reasons…………………………………….……....…….….……6

2.2.2DifferentStructures…..……………………………….………..…8

Chapter3StepsinTranslatingLengthyEnglishSentences…………………....…12

3.1Understanding……………………………………………………….12

3.1.1FindouttheSentence‘trunk’...………………….……..……..12

3.1.2Analyzethemeaningofimportantwords.……...…..…...….…13

3.1.3IdentifyDependentClauses…………………….……...……..13

3.1.4GettheGeneralIdeaoftheSentences…………...……....……14

3.2Expressing……………………………………………...…….…...…14

Chapter4MethodsofTranslatingLengthyEnglishSentences...………..….……16

4.1ObverseTranslation……………………………………….....………16

4.2ReverseTranslation…………………………………….…....……….17

4.3Reverse-and-ObverseTranslation……………………………...…….17

4.4ComponentTranslation…………………………………..…..………18

4.5TranslationbyRearrangingOriginalSentences..…………...….….…19

4.6CulturalFactorsinTranslatingLengthyEnglishSentences….......….20

Chapter5Conclusion……………………..…………………………...……..……...24

WorksCited………………………………..……...…………………..………...…...25

OnTranslationofLengthyEnglishSentences

Chapter1Introduction

English-ChineseTranslationisacourseofconvertingtheinformationinEnglishintoChinesecorrectly,smoothlyandcoherently.Itlogicallyconsistsoftwostages:

receiveandunderstandthemeaningofthesourcelanguage–English,andrearrangeitinthetargetlanguage–Chinese.Thisprocessrequiresthatthetranslatorpossessedasoundknowledgeoflinguistics,semanticsandthelanguageusers’cultures.Thisessaydiscusseshowtranslatorscandevelopskillsinlongsentencetranslation.First,whatarelongsentences?

Accordingtothepreviousresearchintothisissue,somescholarsclaimthatasentencewithacertainamountofwordscanbedefinedasalongsentence,butinEnglish,alongsentencecancontainasmanyasover100wordswhilesomelongsentencemayhasonly40wordsinit.Anyway,it’sstilllong.Sothelengthofasentencecan’tbetheonlycriteriontodecideifasentenceisalongsentence.Later,anewtheorythatasentencewithtwoormoreclausesorsub-clausesandaround20wordsoraboveisalongsentencecameintobeing,whichwonawideapproval.Longsentenceisclassifiedinto3categories:

thefirstisparallelinglongsentence,whichconsistsoftwoormoreclauseswithcompletesentencestructureandwithoutaffiliation;thesecondiscompoundlongsentence,whichcomprisesaprincipalclauseandsomeothersub-clauseslikenounclauses,attributiveclauses,adverbialclauses,etc.;andthelastisparallelingandcompoundlongsentence,whichasthenameimplies,isthemostcomplicatedwiththefeaturesoftheprevioustwotypesoflongsentences.Inanutshell,longsentencesarecharacterizedbyfrequentuseofattributiveandadverbialclauses,compoundstructuresandparenthesis.BesideswhatmakesalongEnglishsentencedifficulttotranslateisthefactthatChineseandEnglishhavedifferentthinkinghabits,whichnaturallyleadstotheirdifferencesinwaysofexpressionandsentencestructure.

Thus,theemphasisofthisessayisonacomparisonbetweenthestructuresofEnglishandChinesesentences.Thereasonsarealsodiscussed.Thepriorityofthisessayisgiventothesteps,whichshouldbetaken,andthemethodsemployedinlongsentencetranslationandviceversa.

Chapter2DifficultiesinLengthyEnglishSentenceTranslation

2.1Morphology

2.1.1Polysemy

Insemantics,polysemyreferstotheabilityofwords,signsandsymbolstohavemultiplemeanings.Metaphorrevealsnotonlyafigureofspeechbutameansofhumancognitionandthinking.Asadefiniteresultfromthedevelopmentofhumanminds,polysemicmetaphorhasabundantlyenrichedthelanguagewhichcanbebestexemplifiedbymanyanoun-turnedverbinEnglish.Theauthorandtheauthoressintroducepolysemyfromametaphoricpointofview,takingexamplesofthreecategoriesofnoun-turnedverbs.Itwasalsopointedoutthattheinsightintopolysemicmetaphorhelpslanguagelearnersmakebetterusesofvocabulary,whichinreverseenhancestheefficiencyoflanguagelearning.Thus,thetranslationofthistypeofmetaphorrequiresacomprehensiveunderstandingofthevocabularyindifferentcontexts.Here’resomeexamples:

1.Wearetablingthismatteruntilfurthernotice.Table,inEnglish,basicallyreferstoaboard,slab,piece,butwhenusedasaverb,it’sequalto‘postpone’.Theoriginalsentencecanbenamelyputlikethis:

wearepostponingthismatteruntilfurthernotice.

2.Theflowergirlscarpetedthefloorwithrosepetalsbeforethebride’sentrance.Carpet,aswefirsttouchedthisword,itmeansacertainkindofcloth.Actuallyinhistory,carpet’smeaningasanounhasaflexureevolution.

Otherexamplesarecommonplacelike“AssoonasIsawhisgun,Iflooredmycar.”,“Ifhehadtriedharder,hecouldhavetoppedhisclass.”and“Whenmycarbrokedown,Iflaggedapolicecar.”

2.1.2Synonyms

Synonymsaredifferentwordswithalmostidenticalorsimilarmeanings.Wordsthataresynonymsaresaidtobesynonymous,andthestateofbeingasynonymIcalledsynonymy.Inthefigurativesense,twowordsareoftensaidtobesynonymousiftheyhavethesameconnotation.

//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym>

1.“Agricultureisthefoundationofnationaleconomy”.Inthissentence,thewordagriculturereferstoanintegrationofawiderangeofagriculturaleconomy,includingfarming,graziery,forestryandfishery.Whilefarmingindicateabranchofagriculture,whichparallelwithforestry,animalhusbandry,side-occupationsandfisheryandtogethertheybelongtoagriculture,nottheentireagriculturaleconomy.

2.“Henevertoucheswine.”Winereferstoacollectionofalldrinksthatcontainalcohol.Spirit,whichisslightlydifferentfromwine,meansthewinewithhighvolumeofalcohol,comparedtothewineslikegrapewine,beer,etc.

3.“Somanydeedscryouttobedone,andalwaysurgently,theworldrollson,timepresses.Tenthousandyearsaretoolong.Seizetheday,seizethehour.”Theword“deeds”herreferstonationalaffairs.Ononehand,ithighlightstheprofoundmeaningofthe“affairs”,andontheotherhand,itenhancesthepoeticquality.

4.“Theypreachidealismwhereasweadvocatematerialism.”Theword“preach”and“advocate”aresynonymssharingthesenseof“topropose,toadviseortoassert”.Thedifferenceisthat“preach”conveysanegativeandderogatorymeaning