自动化专业单片机相关毕业论文外文文献翻译及中英对照.docx

自动化专业单片机相关毕业论文外文文献翻译及中英对照.docx

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自动化专业单片机相关毕业论文外文文献翻译及中英对照

毕业设计（论文）

外文文献翻译

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MCS-51系列单片机的功能和结构

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2017.02.14

StructureandfunctionoftheMCS-51series

StructureandfunctionoftheMCS-51seriesone-chipcomputerisanameofapieceofone-chipcomputerserieswhichIntelCompanyproduces.Thiscompanyintroduced8top-gradeone-chipcomputersofMCS-51seriesin1980afterintroducing8one-chipcomputersofMCS-48seriesin1976.Itbelongtoalotofkindsthislineofone-chipcomputerthechipshave,suchas8051,8031,8751,80C51BH,80C31BH,etc.,theirbasiccomposition,basicperformanceandinstructionsystemareallthesame.8051dailyrepresentatives-51serialone-chipcomputers.

Anone-chipcomputersystemismadeupofseveralfollowingparts:

（1）Onemicroprocessorof8（CPU）.

（2）AtslicedatamemoryRAM（128B/256B）,itusenotdeposittingnotcanreading/datathatwrite,suchasresultnotmiddleofoperation,finalresultanddatawantedtoshow,etc.（3）ProcedurememoryROM/EPROM（4KB/8KB）,isusedtopreservetheprocedure,someinitialdataandforminslice.ButdoesnottakeROM/EPROMwithinsomeone-chipcomputers,suchas8031,8032,80C,etc..（4）Four8runsidebysideI/OinterfaceP0fourP3,eachmouthcanuseasintroduction,mayuseasexportingtoo.（5）Twotimer/counter,eachtimer/countermaysetupandcountintheway,usedtocounttotheexternalincident,cansetupintoatimingwaytoo,andcanaccordingtocountorresultoftimingrealizethecontrolofthecomputer.（6）Fivecutoffcuttingoffthecontrolsystemofthesource.（7）OneallduplexingserialI/OmouthofUART（universalasynchronousreceiver/transmitter（UART））,isitrealizeone-chipcomputerorone-chipcomputerandserialcommunicationofcomputertousefor.（8）Stretchoscillatorandclockproducecircuit,quartzcrystalfinelytuneelectriccapacityneedouter.Allowoscillationfrequencyas12megahertasnowatmost.Everytheabove-mentionedpartwasjoinedthroughtheinsidedatabus.Amongthem,CPUisacoreoftheone-chipcomputer,itisthecontrolofthecomputerandcommandcentre,madeupofsuchpartsasarithmeticunitandcontroller,etc..Thearithmeticunitcancarryon8personsofarithmeticoperationandunitALUoflogicoperationwhileincludingone,the1storingdevicetemporariliesof8,storingdevice2temporarily,8'saccumulationdeviceACC,registerBandprocedurestateregisterPSW,etc.PersonwhoaccumulateACCcountby2inputendsenteredofcheckingetc.temporarilyasoneoperationoften,comefrompersonwhostore1operationisitisitmakeoperationtogoontocounttemporarily,operationresultandloopbackACCwithanotherone.Inaddition,ACCisoftenregardedasthetransferstationofdatatransmissionon8051inside.Thesameasgeneralmicroprocessor,itisthebusiestregister.HelprememberingthatagreeingwithAexpressesintheorder.Thecontrollerincludestheprocedurecounter,theorderisdepositted,theorderdecipher,theoscillatorandtimingcircuit,etc.Theprocedurecounterismadeupofcounterof8fortwo,amountsto16.Itisabyteaddresscounteroftheprocedureinfact,thecontentisthenextIAthatwillcarriedoutinPC.Thecontentwhichchangesitcanchangethedirectionthattheprocedurecarriesout.Shakethecircuitin8051one-chipcomputers,onlyneedouterquartzcrystalandfrequencytofinelytunetheelectriccapacity,itsfrequencyrangeisits12MHZof1.2MHZ.Thispulsesignal,as8051basicbeatsofworking,namelytheminimumunitoftime.8051isthesameasothercomputers,theworkinharmonyunderthecontrolofthebasicbeat,justlikeanorchestraaccordingtothebeatplaythatiscommanded.

ThereareROM（procedurememory,canonlyread）andRAMin8051slices（datamemory,canisitcanwrite）twotoread,theyhaveeachindependentmemoryaddressspace,disposewaytobethesamewithgeneralmemoryofcomputer.Procedure8051memoryand8751sliceprocedurememorycapacity4KB,addressbeginfrom0000H,usedforpreservingtheprocedureandformconstant.Data8051-87518031ofmemorydatamemory128B,addressfalse00FH,useformiddleresulttodepositoperation,thedataarestoredtemporarilyandthedataarebufferedetc..InRAMofthis128B,thereisunitof32bytesesthatcanbeappointedasthejobregister,thisandgeneralmicroprocessorisdifferent,8051sliceRAMandjobregisterrankoneformationthesametoarrangethelocation.ItisnotverythesamethatthememoryofMCS-51seriesone-chipcomputerandgeneralcomputerdisposesthewayinaddition.Generalcomputerforfirstaddressspace,ROMandRAMcanarrangeindifferentspacewithintherangeofthisaddressatwill,namelytheaddressesofROMandRAM,withdistributingdifferentaddressspaceinaformation.Whilevisitingthememory,correspondingandonlyanaddressMemoryunit,canROM,itcanbeRAMtoo,andbyvisitingtheordersimilarly.ThiskindofmemorystructureiscalledthestructureofPrinceton.8051memoriesaredividedintoprocedurememoryspaceanddatamemoryspaceonthephysicsstructure,therearefourmemoryspacesinall:

Theprocedurestoresinoneanddatamemoryspaceoutsidedatamemoryandoneinprocedurememoryspaceandoneoutsideone,thestructureformsofthiskindofproceduredeviceanddatamemoryseparatedformdatamemory,calledHarvardstructure.Butusetheanglefromusers,8051memoryaddressspaceisdividedintothreekinds:

（1）Intheslice,arrangeblocksofFFFFH,0000Hoflocation,inunisonoutsidetheslice（use16addresses）.

（2）Thedatamemoryaddressspaceoutsideoneof64KB,theaddressisarrangedfrom0000H64KBFFFFH（with16addresses）tootothelocation.（3）Datamemoryaddressspaceof256B（use8addresses）.Threeabove-mentionedmemoryspaceaddressesoverlap,fordistinguishinganddesigningtheordersymbolofdifferentdatatransmissionintheinstructionsystemof8051:

CPUvisitslice,ROMorderspendMOVC,visitblockRAMorderusesMOVXoutsidetheslice,RAMorderusesMOVtovisitinslice.

8051one-chipcomputerhavefour8walkabreastI/Oport,callP0,P1,P2andP3.Eachportis8accuratetwo-waymouths,accountsfor32pinsaltogether.EveryoneI/Olinecanbeusedasintroductionandexportedindependently.Eachportincludesalatch（namelyspecialfunctionregister）,oneexportsthedriverandaintroductionbuffer.Makedatacanlatchwhenoutputting,datacanbufferwhenmakingintroduction,butfourfunctionofpasswaytheseself-same.Expandamongthesystemofmemoryoutsidehavingslice,fourportthesemayserveasaccuratetwo-waymouthofI/Oincommonuse.Expandamongthesystemofmemoryoutsidehavingslice,P2mouthseehigh8addressoff;P0mouthisatwo-waybus,sendtheintroductionof8lowaddressesanddata/exportintimesharing

Thecircuitof8051one-chipcomputersandfourI/Oportsisveryingeniousindesign.FamiliarwithI/Oportlogicalcircuit,notonlyhelptouseportscorrectlyandrationally,andwillinspiretodesigningtheperipherallogicalcircuitofone-chipcomputertosomeextent.Loadabilityandinterfaceofporthavecertainrequirement,becauseoutputgrade,P0ofmouthandP1endoutput,P3ofmouthgradedifferentatstructure,so,theloadabilityandinterfaceofitsdoordemandtohavenothingincommonwitheachother.P0mouthisdifferentfromothermouths,itsoutputgradedrawstheresistancesupremly.Whenusingitasthemouthincommonusetouse,outputgradeisitleakcircuittoturnon,isitisiturgeNMOSdrawtheresistanceontakingtobeouterwithitwhileinputtingtogoouttofail.Whenbeingusedasintroduction,shouldwrite"1"toalatchfirst.EveryonewithP0mouthcandrive8ModelLSTTLloadtoexport.P1mouthisanaccuratetwo-waymouthtoo,usedasI/Oincommonuse.DifferentfromP0mouthoutputofcircuitits,drawloadresistancelinkwithpoweroninsidehave.Infact,theresistanceisthattwoeffectsareinchargeofFETandtogether:

OneFETisinchargeofload,itsresistanceisregular.Anotheronecanisitleadtoworkwithcloseattwostate,makeitsPresidentresistancevaluechangeapproximate0orgroupvalueheavytwosituationvery.Whenitis0thattheresistanceisapproximate,candrawthepintothehighlevelfast;Whenresistancevalueisverylarge,P1mouth,inordertohindertheintroductionstatehigh.OutputasP1mouthhighelectricityatordinarytimes,canisitdrawelectriccurrentloadtoofferoutwards,drawtheresistanceonneedn'tanswerandthenning.Herewhentheportisusedasintroduction,mustwriteinto1tothecorrespondinglatchfirsttoo,makeFETend.Relativelyabout20,000ohmsbecauseoftheloadresistanceinsceneandbecause40,000ohms,willnotexertaninfluenceonthedatathatareinput.ThestructureofP2somemouthissimilartoP0mouth,thereareMUXswitches.Isitsimilartomouthpartlytourge,butmouthlargeaconversioncontrolssomethanP1.P3mouthonemulti-functionalport,mouthgettingmanythanP1ithave"and"3doorand4buffer".Twopartthese,makeherbesidesaccuratetwo-wayfunctionwithP1mouthjust,canalsousethesecondfunctionofeverypin,"and"door3functiononeswitchinfact,itdeterminestobetooutputdataoflatchtooutputsecondsignaloffunction.ActasW=At1o'clock,outputQendsignal;ActasQ=At1o'clock,canoutputWlinesignal.Atthetimeofprogramming,itisthatthefirstfunctionisstillthesecondfunctionbutneedn'thavesoftwarethatsetupP3mouthinadvance.IthardwarenotinsideistheautomatictohavetwofunctionoutputtedwhenCPUcarriesonSFR