人工智能英文版.ppt

人工智能英文版.ppt

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Artificialintelligence,Canitreplaceahumanbrainoneday?

Artificialintelligenceistousecomputerstoanalogandinsteadofhumanbrain.Theadventofcomputershasmadeartificialintelligenceamajorbreakthrough.Thecomputercannotonlyreplacesomeofthehumanbrainfunction,butexceedthehumanbraingreatlyinspeedandaccuracy.Itcannotonlysimulatepartofanalysisandthecomprehensivefunction,butisgettingtodisplayacertaincharacteristicsofconsciousness.Itreallybecameanextensionofthehumanbrain.,WhatisAI?

Theexcitingnewefforttomakecomputersthinksmachinewithminds,inthefullandliteralsense”（Haugeland1985）,“Theartofcreatingmachinesthatperformfunctionsthatrequireintelligencewhenperformedbypeople”（Kurzweil,1990）,“Thestudyofmentalfacultiesthroughtheuseofcomputationalmodels”（Charniaketal.1985）,Afieldofstudythatseekstoexplainandemulateintelligentbehaviorintermsofcomputationalprocesses”（Schalkol,1990）,Systemsthatthinklikehumans,Systemsthatthinkrationally,Systemsthatactlikehumans,Systemsthatactrationally,ViewsofAIfallintofourcategories:

WhatisAI?

AI,Searchengines,Labor,Appliances,Science,Whatelse?

AI,HondaHumanoidRobot,Walk,Turn,Stairs,Turingtest（1936）,Alanturing（1912-1954）Computerscanfoolpeople,peoplewhobelieveitisnotthemachine,thenitshouldbecalledintelligent.,1956,theAmericanscholarMcCarthywhoisconsideredthefatherofartificialintelligenceoforganizedaSociety,manyexpertsandscholarsgatheredtogetherforadiscussionofuptotwomonths.InvitingthemtoparticipateintheSummerDartmouthArtificialIntelligenceResearchSociety.Sincethen,thisfieldisnamedartificialintelligence,McCarthy麦卡锡,BirthofAI,McCarthy麦卡锡,Minsky明斯基,Shannon香农,BirthofAI,Simon-1975,Newell-1975,More,Samuel,Selfridge,Solomonff莫尔（Princeton），塞缪尔（IBM），塞尔夫里奇，索罗莫夫（MIT）,BirthofAI,Inmachinelearning,in1957Rosenblatt（罗森布拉特）successfullydevelopedPerceptron（感知机）;Intheoremproving,in1958WangHaointheIBM-704machinewitha3-5minuteprovedall220theorem“PrincipiaMathematica”intherelevantpropositionalcalculus;In1965,Robinsonmadeduetotheresolutionprinciple（归结原理）;Inpatternrecognition（模式识别）,1959Selfridge（塞尔福里奇）launchedapatternrecognitionprogram;1965Robertspreparedadistinguishedbuildingblockconstructionprocedures（可分辨积木构造程序）;,Thefirst10yearsofachievement,Intermsofproblemsolving（问题求解）:

1960Newell（纽厄尔）compiledauniversalproblemsolver（GPS）,cansolve11differenttypesofproblems;Inexpertsystems（专家系统）:

theresultsofthe1968Feigenbaum（费根鲍姆）developedDENDRALexpertsystemandputintouse;Intheartificialintelligencelanguage（人工智能语言）:

1960McCarthy（McCarthy）developedtheartificialintelligencelanguage-LISPlanguage.,Thefirst10yearsofachievement,SecondaryTranslation-MachineTranslationthespiritiswillingbutthefleshisweakthevodkaisgoodbutthemeatisrottenCombinatorialexplosionproblem（组合爆炸）Thefactthataprogramcanfindasolutioninprincipledoesnotmeansthattheprogramcontainsanyofthemechanismsneededtofinditinpractice.Perceptronlimitations（感知机局限性）Atwo-inputperceptroncannotbetrainedtorecognizewhenitstwoinputsaredifferent.,Difficulties（thelate1960s）,Feigenbaum（费根鲍姆）presentedKnowledgeEngineeringatthe5thIJCAI（InternationalJointConferenceOnArtificialIntelligence，国际人工智能联合会议）,KnowledgeEngineering（1977）,HopfieldNeuralNetworks（Hopfield,霍普菲尔德，1982）Back-propagationalgorithm（Rumelhart&McClelland,鲁梅尔哈特，麦克莱伦德1986）Itsthemostcommonneuralnetwork,NeuralNetworks,ComputationalIntelligencethriving（90s-now）,ArtificialNeuralNetwork人工神经网络GeneticAlgorithm遗传算法FuzzyReasoning模糊推理AntColonyAlgorithm蚁群算法ParticleSwarmOptimization粒子群优化ArtificialImmuneSystem人工免疫系统,Enthusiasm（狂热）,ComputationalIntelligence,国际人工智能联合会议,TheHistoryofAI,May1997,theU.S.IBMs“DeepBlue”supercomputerbeattheworldchesschampionGarryKasparov（卡斯帕罗夫）.,Thegreatachievementsofartificialintelligence,Canitreplaceahumanbrainoneday?

Altificialintelligence（人工智能）Turingtest（图灵测试）patternrecognition（模式识别）expertsystems（专家系统）NeuralNetwork（神经网络）,Thankyou!