红字-the-scarlet-letter.ppt

红字-the-scarlet-letter.ppt

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NathanielHawthorne（1804-1864）,TheScarletLetter,鲁凤鸣19赵文琪31,留玉琼05张佳美17,谢俊文28,IdentityTagBiographyInfluencesonHawthorneHawthornespointofviewcontentThematicConcernsHawthornesMajorWorksHawthornesaestheticideasStyleTheScarletLetter,3,AmericannovelistShortstorywriterAcentralfigureintheAmericanRenaissanceGreatestRomancewriterPioneeringpsychologicalnovelistMoralnovelist,“LikeEdgarAllanPoe,HawthornetookadarkviewofhumanNature.”,IdentityTag:

4,BornJuly4,1804,enteredBowdoinCollegein1821,firstworkFanshawe,in1828,marryingSophiaPeabodyin1842,ScarletLetterin1850,DiedMay19,1864,Biography:

InfluencesonHawthorne,Salem-earlychildhood,laterworkattheCustomHouse.Puritanfamilybackground-oneofhisforefatherswasJudgeHathorne,whopresidedovertheSalemwitchcrafttrials,1692.Beliefintheexistenceofthedevil.Beliefindeterminism（宿命论）.,Hawthornespointofview,HawthorneisinfluencedbyPuritanism（清教主义）deeply.HewasnotaPuritanhimself,buthehadPuritanancestorswhoplayedanimportantroleinhislifeandworks.Melville:

“霍桑描写黑暗的巨大力量，是由于受到加尔文派关于与生俱来的堕落与原罪思想的影响。

没有一位思想深邃的人能完全摆脱这种思想所发生的各种形式的影响。

”Hawthorne评Melville:

“他既不肯信教，又对自己的不信感到惶恐不安。

”对霍桑同样适用。

（1）Evilisatthecoreofhumanlife.,Hawthornesenseofsinandevilinlife,“black”visionoflifeandhumanishauntedEvilexistsinthehumanheart,humanheartisthesourceofevil.Everyonepossessessomeevilsecret.Evilismansbirthmark（胎记）.amostdisturbedandtormentedone,discussessinandevilinalmosteverybookliteraryworldrejectstheTranscendentalistoptimismlooksmoredeeplyandmorehonestlyintolife,findingmuchsuffering&conflictinit,

（2）Wheneverthereissin,thereispunishment.Sinorevilcanbepassedfromgenerationtogeneration,TheHouseoftheSevenGables带有七个尖角阁的房子Colonel（陆军上校）PyncheontakesthelandofMatthewMauleandbuildsahouseontheland-ishauntedbyghost-hisoffspring（后代）witheranddieout“Godwillgivehimbloodtodrink”霍桑在探讨罪恶时，不是宣扬加尔文教义，而是抨击了它对人性的摧残，是要使人正视罪的存在，并把人从泯灭人性的罪恶感中解脱出来。

加尔文主义（Calvinism）,加尔文主义即是新教神学家加尔文毕生的许多主张的统称，在不同的讨论中有不同的意义。

在现代的神学论述习惯当中，加尔文主义的意思是指“救赎预定论”跟“救恩独作说”。

加尔文支持马丁路德的“因信称义说”，主张人类不能透过正义的行为获得救赎、恢复逐渐被天主教所遗弃的奥古斯丁学说“救恩独作说”、反对逐渐成为天主教神学主流的“神人合作说”，因此加尔文建立的教会命名为“归正宗”。

back,10,（3）Evileducates.,Achievementis“undertheimpactofandbyengagementwithevil”经历过犯罪，受到其影响，人们才能有所成就Manisbetterforthecrimewhichbringsaboutthefall.人在犯罪后才能更好的完善自己,（4）Hehasdisgustinscience.Onesourceofevilisoverweening自负的（tooproudofoneself）intellect.,Hisintellectualcharactersarevillains,dreadfulandcold-blooded.E.g.RogerChillingworthinTheScarletLetter,“Thereisnogoodonearth;andsinisbutae,devil!

fortotheeisthisworldgiven”-YoungGoodmanBrown如果我是为了不可告人的罪恶而隐藏自己的面孔，那么请问，难道有什么人可以不这样做呢？

”-TheMinistersBlackVeil,HawthornesMajorWorks,Twocollectionsofshortstories:

Twice-toldTales故事重述,1837+MossesfromanOldManse古宅青苔,1843TheScarletLetter红字,1850,Hismasterpiece,whichestablishedhimastheLeadingAmericannativenovelistofthe19thcentury,HawthornesMajorWorks,TheHouseoftheSevenGables,七个尖角阁的房子,1851TheBlithedaleRomance福谷传奇,1852TheMarbleFaun大理石雕像,1860Shortstories:

YoungGoodmanBrown好小伙儿布朗TheMinistersBlackVeil教长的面纱TheBirthmark胎痣,ThematicConcerns:

1.MoralityTheScarletLetterdealswithmansmoralgrowthanddegeneration“YoungGoodmanBrown”wantstoprovethateveryonepossessessomeevilsecretsinhisheart.,16,2.DarkViewofHumanNature:

Evilaswellasgoodimpulseswerenativetoeveryhumanheartandmustbecombatedafreshbyeverymanandwomanineverygeneration.Onehadtoworkandstriveagainsttemptationinordertowinsalvation.Therecouldbenomagiccarriagewhichwouldenableonetoreachheavenwithouttoilortrouble.Itisonlythroughevilthatmaturityandtragicgrandeurarepossibletoman.-ADialecticalView,17,3.SinandItsEffectsthemoral,emotionalandpsychologicaleffectgeneratedbysinsonthepeopleingeneralandthosecomplicatedinitinparticular,Hawthornesaestheticideas,1）hetookagreatinterestinhistoryandantiquity（古物）.Tohimthesefurnish（提供）thesoilonwhichhismindgrowstofruition.Tryingtoconnectabygonetimewiththeverypresent,hemakesthedreamstrangethingslookliketruth.,HawthornesAestheticIdeas,2）hewasconvincedthatromance（传奇）wasthebestformtodescribeAmericaThepovertyofmaterials+theavoidanceofoffendingthepuritantasteromancesratherthannovelstotellthetruthandsatirizeandyetnottheoffend,20,Styletypicalromanticwriter,amanofliterarycraftsmanship，extraordinaryin,theuseofsymbol,theuseofambiguity,revelationofcharacterspsychology,theuseofsupernatural,Thesymbolservesasaweapontoattackreality.Itcanbefoundeverywhereinhiswriting,tokeepthereaderintheworldofuncertaintymultiplepointofview,Featuresofhisworks,settingthemesIdeaFeaturetechnique,PuritanNewEnglandEvil&sin“blackvision”towardhumanbeingsAmbiguity（意义含糊）symbolism,TheScarletLetter红字,TheScarletLetterthatisnotableforitsallegoryandsymbolismisregardedasthefirstsymbolicnovelinAmericanliterature.,TheScarletLetter红字,Setting（time）:

middleoftheseventeenthcenturySetting（place）.Boston,MassachusettsProtagonist:

HesterPrynneMajorconflicts:

HesterVs.hercommunity（社区）;ChillingworthVs.Dimmesdale;Dimmesdalesinnerconflict.,ThemeofTheScarletLetter,Toescapethebondageofreligioneitheronpeoplesspiritoronpeoplesnaturaldesire.Thethemeofthestoryshouldbethemoral,emotionalandpsychologicaleffectsorconsequencesofthesinonpeople.,Symbolsinthenovel,Thescaffold（绞刑台）:

aSymbolofpenitence（赎罪）andGodsplatformontheDayofJudgementPrison:

asymbolofisolation（隔离）andalienation（异化，疏远）TheRoseBush:

aconstantreminderofsalvationandhopetoalltheprisoners.TheForest:

herinabilitytofindhappinessorwarmth;hopeColor:

dark-herdull,gloomylifeBrightcolor-thechildsfreespiritStream:

thesymboloflinebetweenevilandpure.,TheSymbolicMeaningoftheFourMajorCharacters,Hester-beauty“Theyoungwomanwastall,withafigureofperfectelegance,”-strongwillandendurance“Iwillnotspeak.Itistoodeeplybranded.Yecannottakeitoff.AndwouldthatImightendurehisagony,aswellasmine!

”-kindness,ArthurDimmesdale-ArthurDimmesdaleADAdultery-weakandcowardRogerChillingworth-“chill”cool-heartlessandmerciless-hismisshapenbodyreflectsorsymbolizestheevilinhissoul,whichbuildsasthenovelprogresses.,Pearl-Sheisthescarletletterinanotherform,thescarletletterendowedwithlife;-Sheisthesymboloftheardent（热烈的）love;-Sheservesasmoralinthenovel;-ShesymbolizestherevoltagainstPuritanism.,Symbolicmeaningsoftheletter“A”,Aatfirstitisatoken（象征）ofshame,“Adultery（通奸）”butthenthegenuine（真正的）sympathyandhelpHesterofferedtoherfellowvillagerschangesitto“Able”.Laterinthestory,theletter“A“appearsinthesky,signifying“Angle”,itmayalsorepresentAdamic,anarchetypal（原型的）vicesuggestiveof“originalsin”（原罪）,Symbolicmeaningsoftheletter“A”,AdulteryAbleAngelAdmirableAdamicAvengeAloneAlienation,Thankyou!

32,Hisfather,ashipcaptain,diedofyellowfeveratseawhenNathanielwasonlyfour.Hismotherbecameoverlyprotectiveandpushedhimtowardrelativelyisolatedpursuits.Hawthorneschildhoodlefthimshyandbookish,whichmoldedhislifeasawriter.,FamilyBackground:

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