中考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析.docx
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中考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析
一、中考英语阅读理解汇编
1．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
BlueLightning
Sallylovedcarsmorethananythingelse.Thisspringshethoughtofbuildingago-karttoenterfortheGo-GoRace.Sosheaskedherdadforhelp.
"Well,"hesaid."Howaboutthis:
youdosomeresearchfirstandthencomebacktomewithadesign."
Aweeklater,SallybroughthernotesanddrawingstoDad.Shenamedhergo-kart"BlueLightning".Dadlookedoverherwork,thinking."Well,that'sinteresting,"hesaid."Haveatry.JustbuildBlueLightningasyou'vedesigned."
Overthreeweekendsofhardwork,Sallyturnedherdesignintoareal,workinggo-kartandpainteditlightblue.Dadaskedhertotakeitforatestdrive.Sallyagreed.
Aftershedidthat,SallydrovebacktoDad."Well,"shesaid."NowIknowwhyyouwantedmetohaveatestdrive."
"Oh,doyou?
"hesaid."Pleaseshare."
"WhenIdrovefast,therewasalotofpushback,"shesaid."Ithinkit'sbecauseofthelightningbolt（闪电）shape."
"Verygood!
"Dadsaid.
"So,whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutthatprobleminthefirstplace?
"Sallyasked.
Dadlaughed."Where'sthefuninthat?
Ifyougiveamanafish,he'lleatforaday.Butifyouteachamantofish,he'lleatforalifetime."
Sallysaid,"Isee.Anyway,designingishalfthefun!
"
Dadsmiled."Good.Sometimes,learninghappensduringtheprocess.Welearnhowtodosomethingrightbydoingitafewtimesfirstandmakingmistakesalongtheway."
ThatencouragedSallyandsheworkedevenharder.WhensheshowedDadhernewgo-kart,henoddedwithpride.
Finallycametherace.Sallywasn'tworriedaboutwhethershewouldwin—inhermind,shehadalreadywon,bybuildingsomethingbetterthaneverbefore.
（1）Sallythoughtofbuildingago-kartto________.
A. practicedriving
B. enterforarace
C. playwithfriends
D. dosomeresearch
（2）WhatdidSally'sdadaskhertodoaftershebuiltthego-kart?
A. Tohaveatestdrive. B. Totakeagoodrest.
C. Togiveitacoolname.
D. Topaintitlightblue.
（3）Sally'sstorymainlytellsusthat________.
A. winningaraceisimportant
B. fishingbringsusalotoffun
C. drivingexperienceisnecessary D. learninghappensduringtheprocess
【答案】
（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
【解析】【分析】文章大意：
本文主要讲述在过程中学习，我们通过做某事数次，然后发现错误，最后学会怎样正确地做某事。
（1）细节题。
根据Thisspringshethoughtofbuildingago-karttoenterfortheGo-GoRace.可知她想造卡丁车参加比赛，故选B。
（2）细节题。
根据Dadaskedhertotakeitforatestdrive.造好卡丁车后，爸爸叫她进行测试驾，故选A。
（3）主旨题。
文章主要讲述我们通过做某事数次，然后发现错误，最后学会怎样正确地做某事，在过程中学习，故选D。
【点评】细节题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。
细节题要从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
2．请阅读下面的海报，从每小题所给的A，B，C三个选下中选出一个最佳选项。
Housefiresoftenhappened.Soitappearsnecessarytolearnsomethingusefultoprotectfamilyfromthem.Thefollowingposterintheneighborhoodwilltellyouhowtodoit.
FireSafety
Putasmokealarminyourhouseandtestiteverymonth.Halfofallhousefiredeathshappenbetween11pmand7am.Theriskofdyinginahousefireiscutinhalfwithworkingsmokealarms.
Makesureyourhearingaid,wheelchairoreyeglassesarenexttoyourbed.Firecanspreadthroughahousesoon.Youmayhaveaslittleastwominutestoescape（逃离）safely.Bereadytoactatonce.
Createafireescapeplan.77%offamiliesdon'thaveahousefireescapeplantofollow.That'soneofthereasonswhyatleastonechilddiesand293childrenareinjuredinahousefireeveryday.
Don'tcall119untilyouaresafelyoutside.Duringafire,thefirstthingtodoistogetoutofhouseasfastasyoucan.
（1）________makestheriskofdyinginahousefiresmaller.
A. Asmokealarm
B. Apairofeyeglasses
C. Awheelchair
（2）Wemayhaveonly________toescapefromahousefirmsafely.
A. halfanhour
B. 2minutes
C. 293seconds
（3）Accordingtotheposter,________canhelpsaveyoufromahousefire.
A. stoppingthefirefromspreading
B. makingandfollowingaplantoescape
C. keepingawakebetwren11pm.and7am.
（4）Call119forhelp________.
A. afteryoureachsafely
B. assoonasyouarereadytoescape
C. whenyoufindoutwhatcausesthehousefire
（5）Theposterisputupintheneighborhoodtohelppeoplelearnto________.
A. plantheirliveastheywish
B. savetimeasmuchaspossible
C. protectthemselvesinarightway
【答案】
（1）A
（2）B
（3）B
（4）A
（5）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：
文章讲述了当家庭火灾发生时，应该如何做才能够最安全，损失最小。
（1）细节理解题。
根据“Theriskofdyinginahousefireiscutinhalfwithworkingsmokealarms”可知，烟雾报警器会降低火灾的死亡,故答案是A。
（2）细节理解题。
根据“Youmayhaveaslittleastwominutestoescape（逃离）safely”可知，故答案是B。
（3）细节理解题。
根据“Createafireescapeplan.77%offamiliesdon'thaveahousefireescapeplantofollow.”可知，77%的家庭没有可遵守的火灾逃离方案。
制定并且遵守逃离方案可以救助人们。
故答案是B。
（4）细节理解题。
根据“Don'tcall119untilyouaresafelyoutside.”可知，直到你安全到达户外后再打119，故答案是A。
（5）细节理解题。
根据“Soitappearsnecessarytolearnsomethingusefultoprotectfamilyfromthem.”可知张贴海报的目的是以正确的方式保护人们，故答案是C。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题，细节理解题比较简单，一般可以直接从文中找到答案。
3．阅读理解
Doyouwanttoimproveyourphysicsandchemistrygrades?
Well,maybeyoushouldfirstlearnsomethingaboutthestruggles（奋斗）ofgreatscientists.
TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationdidaninterestingstudy.Morethan400studentsfromschoolsinNewYorkCitytookpartinit.Thestudentsweredividedintothreegroups.Group1readatypicaltextbookthatdescribestheachievementsofgreatscientists.Group2readaboutthosescientists'personalstruggles.Forexample,asaJew,Einstein（爱因斯坦）ranawayfromNaziGermanytoavoidpersecution（迫害）.Thelastgroupreadaboutthescientists'intellectualstruggles,suchasMarieCurie'sfailedscientifictests.Thesestoriesaboutstrugglesalsotoldstudentshowthescientistsdealtwiththeseobstacles（障碍）.
Thestudentstookascienceexambeforethestudy.Afterthesix—weekstudy,theytookanother.ScientistsfoundthoseinGroups2and3improvedtheirsciencegrades.StudentsinGroup1didn'tseeagradeincrease.Someofthemevenhadlowergradesafterthestudy.
ThestudywasledbyXiaodongLin—Siegler,ateacheratColumbiaUniversity.AccordingtoXiaodong,kidsoftenthinkEinsteinwastrulyintelligent.Theybelievetheywillnevermatchhim.
Manyofthemfailtorealizethatanysuccessrequiresalongjourney.Alongtheway,therearemanyfailures（失败）.
Studentswhoreadthestrugglestoriesmoreprobablysaidthatgreatscientistswerelikethemselves.The"greatminds"alsohadtoovercomeobstaclestoachievesuccess.
Xiaodongsaystoday'ssciencetextbooksfailtobringsciencetolife.Asaresult,studentsseldomregardscienceaspartoftheireverydaylives.Instead,theyjustseealonglistoffactsthattheyhavetoremember.Xiaodongthinkstextbooksshouldincludemorestoriesabouthowgreatscientistshadtostruggletosucceed.Andstudentsshouldfocusmoreonhowthesescientistsdealtwiththeobstaclestheymetalongtheway.
（1）Accordingtothearticle,studentscanimprovetheirphysicsandchemistrygradesby_______.
A. readingtheachievementsofgreatscientistsmorecarefully
B. listeningmorecarefullytotheirphysicsandchemistryteachers
C. learningabouthowgreatscientistsdealtwiththeirobstacles
（2）Allofthestudentswhotookpartinthestudy_________.
A. wereinterestedinphysicsandchemistry
B. wenttoschoolinNewYorkCity
C. wantedtoimprovetheirphysicsandchemistrygrades
（3）AndyHuntwasoneofthestudentswhotookpartinthestudy.Accordingtohisreportcard,hewasprobablyamemberof_________.
AndyHunt
Class2,Grade9
Physics
2018.4—9 86
2018—5—22 79
A. Group1 B. Group2 C. Group3
（4）InParagraphFour,theword"match"means"___________"inChinese.
A. 满足
B. 比得上
C. 配对
（5）XiaodongLin—Sieglerthinkssciencetextbooksshould___________.
A. tellstudentsdirectlythatEinsteinwasbornacommonman
B. makethelonglistsoffacts山atstudentshavetoremembermoreinteresting
C. includemorestoriesabouthowgreatscientistshadtostruggletosucceed
【答案】
（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
（5）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：
文章讲述了一个有趣的研究，学生能通过读伟大科学家对付障碍的故事来提高物理和化学分数。
这个研究是由XiaodongLin一个哥伦比亚大学的老师进行的。
（1）细节理解题。
根据Thelastgroupreadaboutthescientists'intellectualstruggles,suchasMarieCurie'sfailedscientifictests.Thesestoriesaboutstrugglesalsotoldstudentshowthescientistsdealtwiththeseobstacles（障碍）.以及ScientistsfoundthoseinGroups2and3improvedtheirsciencegrades.可知学生们通过学伟大的科学家怎样对付他们的障碍能提高他们的物理和化学，故选C。
（2）细节理解题。
根据Morethan400studentsfromschoolsinNewYorkCitytookpartinit.可知参加研究的学生都来着纽约，故选B。
（3）细节理解题。
根据StudentsinGroup1didn'tseeagradeincrease.Someofthemevenhadlowergradesafterthestudy.可知一组的学生分数没有涨，有些研究后甚至分数更低了，可推测AndyHunt是在一组，故选A。
（4）词义猜测题。
根据AccordingtoXiaodong,kidsoftenthinkEinsteinwastrulyintelligent.Theybelievetheywillnevermatchhim.可知孩子们都认为爱因斯坦真的聪明。
他们认为他们从来比不上他们。
可知match是比不上，故选B。
（5）细节理解题。
根据Xiaodongthinkstextbooksshouldincludemorestoriesabouthowgreatscientistshadtostruggletosucceed.可知Xiaodong认为教科书中应该包括更多的关于伟大的科学家如何努力成功的故事，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解题。
本文涉及细节题、词义猜测题、两种常考题型，细节题要带着问题在阅读中寻找答案；词义猜测题要抓住上下文，善于利用连接词、代词及词性、同义词、反义词等进行判断选择。
4．阅读理解
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