考研英语二真题.docx

考研英语二真题.docx

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考研英语二真题

2005年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试

英语试题

PassageOne

　Workingatnonstandardtimes-----evenings,nights,orweekends----istakingitstollonAmericanfamilies.One-fifthofallemployedAmericansworkvariableorrotatingshifts,andone-thirdworkweekends,accordingtoHarrietB.Presser,sociologyprofessorattheUniversityofMaryland.Theresultisstressonfamilialrelationships,whichislikelytocontinueincomingdecades.

　Theconsequencesofworkingirregularhoursvaryaccordingtogender,economiclevel,andwhetherornotchildrenareinvolved.Singlemothersaremorelikelytoworknightsandweekendsthanmarriedmothers.Womeninclerical,sales,orotherlow-payingjobsparticipatedisproportionatelyinworkinglateandgraveyardshifts.

　Married-couplehouseholdswithchildrenareincreasinglybecomingdual-earnerhouseholds,generatingmoresplit-shiftcouples.School-agedchildren,however,maybenefitfromparents’nonstandardworkschedulesbecauseofthegreaterlikelihoodthataparentwillbehomebeforeorafterschool.Ontheotherhand,acorrelationexistsbetweennonstandardworkschedulesandbothmaritalinstabilityandadeclineinthequalityofmarriages.

　Nonstandardworkinghoursmeanfamiliesspendlesstimetogetherfordinerbutmoretimetogetherforbreakfast.One-on-oneinteractionbetweenparentsandchildrenvaries,however,basedonparent,shift,andageofchildren.Thereisalsoagreaterrelianceonchildcarebyrelativesandbyprofessionalproviders.

　Workingnonstandardhoursislessachoiceofemployeesandmoreamandateofemployer.Presserbelievesthattheneedforswingshiftsandweekendworkwillcontinuetoriseinthecomingdecades.ShereportsthatinsomeEuropeancountriestherearesubstantialsalarypremiumsforemployeesworkingirregularhours-sometimesasmuchas50%higher.Theconvenienceofhavingservicesavailable24hoursadaycontinuestodrivethistrend.

　Unfortunately,saysPresser,theissueisvirtuallyabsentfrompublicdiscourse.Sheemphasizestheneedforfocusedstudiesoncostsandbenefitsofworkingoddhours,thephysicalandemotionalhealthofpeopleworkingnightsandweekends,andthereasonsbehindthenecessityforworkingthesehours.“NonstandardworkschedulesnotonlyarehighlyprevalentamongAmericanfamiliesbutalsogeneratealevelofcomplexityinfamilyfunctioningthatneedsgreaterattention,”shesays./

36．WhichofthefollowingdemonstratesthatworkingatnonstandardtimesistakingitstollonAmericanfamilies？

　A．Stressonfamilialrelationships．

　B．Rotatingshifts.

　C．Evenings，nights，orweekends.

　D．Itsconsequences.

37．Whichofthefollowingisaffectedmostbyworkingirregularhours？

　A．Children.

　B．Marriage.

　C．Singlemothers.

　D．Workingwomen.

38．Whowouldbeinfavorofthepracticeofworkingnonstandardhours？

　A．Children.

　B．Parents.

　C．Employees

　D．Professionalchildproviders.

39．Itisimpliedthattheconsequencesofnonstandardworkschedulesare.

　A．emphasized

　B．absent

　C．neglected

　D．prevalent

40．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsworkingirregularhours？

　A．Positive.

　B．Negative.

　C．Indifferent.

　D．Objective.

PassageTwo

Mosthumanbeingsactual1ydecidebeforetheythink.Whenanyhumanbeing----executive,specializedexpert,orpersoninthestreet----encountersacomplexissueandformsanopinion,oftenwithinamatterofseconds,howthoroughlyhasheorsheexploredtheimplicationsofthevariouscoursesofaction?

Answer:

notverythoroughly.Veryfewpeople,nomatterhowinte1ligentorexperienced,cantakeinventoryofthemanybranchingpossibilities,possibleoutcomes,sideeffects,andundesiredconsequencesofapolicyoracourseofactioninamatterofseconds.Yet,thosewhopridethemse1vesonbeingdecisiveoftentrytodojustthat.Andoncetheirbrainslockontoanopinion,mostoftheirthinkingthereafterconsistsoffindingsupportforit.

Averyserioussideeffectofargumentativedecisionmakingcanbealackofsupportforthechosencourseofactiononthepatofthe“losing”faction.Whenonefactionwinsthemeetingandtheothersseethemselvesaslosing,thebattleoftendoesn’tendwhenthemeetingends.Anger,resentment,andjealousymayleadthemtosabotagethe4ecisionlater,ortoreopenthedebateatlatermeetings.

Thereisabetter.AsphilosopherAldousHuxleysaid,“Itisn’twhoisright,butwhatisright,thatcounts.”

Thestructured-inquirymethodoffersabetteralternativetoargumentativedecisionmakingbydebate.WiththehelpoftheInternetandwirelesscomputertechnologythegapbetweenexpertsandexecutivesisnowbeingdramaticallyclosed.Byactuallyputtingthebrakesonthethinkingprocess,slowingitdown,andorganizingtheflowoflogic,it’spossibletocreatealevelofclaritythatsheerargumentationcannevermatch.

Thestructured-inquiryprocessintroducesalevelofconceptualclaritybyorganizingthecontributionsoftheexperts,thenbringstheexpertsandthedecisionmakersclosertogether.Althoughitisn’tpossibleornecessaryforapresidentorprimeministertolisteninoneveryintelligenceanalysismeeting,it’spossibletoorganizetheexperts’informationtogivethedecisionmakermuchgreaterinsightastoitsmeaning.Thisprocessmaysomewhatresembleamarketingfocusgroup;it’sasimple,remarkablycleverwaytobringdecisionmakersclosertothesourceoftheexpertinformationandopinionsonwhichtheymustbasetheirdecisions.

4l．Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthat.

A．executive,specializedexpert,arenomorecleverthanpersoninthestreet

B．veryfewpeopledec1debeforetheythink

C．thosewhopridethemselvesonbeingdecisiveoftenfailtodoso

D．peopletendtoconsidercarefullybeforemakingdecisions

42．Judgingfromthecontext,whatdoestheword“them”（line4,paragraph2）referto?

/

A．Decisionmakers.

B．The“losing”faction.

C．Anger,resentment,andjealousy.

D．Otherpeople.

43．AldousHuxley’sremark（Paragraph3）impliesthat.

A．thereisasubtledifferencebetweenrightandwrong

B．wecannottellwhoisrightandwhatiswrong

C．whatisrightismoreimportantthanwhoisright

D．whatisrightaccountsforthequestionwhoisright

44．Accordingtotheauthor,thefunctionofthestructured-inquirymethodis.

A．tomakedecisionbydebate

B．toapplytheInternetandwirelesscomputertechnology.

C．tobrakeonthethinkingprocess,slowingitdown

D．tocreatealevelofconceptualclarity

45．Thestructured-inquiryprocesscanbeusefulfor.

A．decisionmakers

B．intelligenceanalysismeeting

C．theexperts’information

D．marketingfocusgroups

PassageThree

Sportisheadingforanindissolublemarriagewithtelevisionandthepassivespectatorwillenjoyaprivateparadise.Allofthiswillbeinthefutureofsport.Thespectator（thetelevisionaudience）willbethepriorityandprofessionalclubswillhavetoreadjusttheirstructurestoadapttothenewreality:

sportasabusiness.

Thenewtechnologieswillmeanthatspectatorswillnolongerhavetowaitforbroadcastsbytheconventionalchannels.Theywillbetheoneswhodecidewhattosee.Andtheywillhavetopayforit.IntheUnitedStatesthesystemofthefuturehasalreadystarted:

pay-as-you-view.Everythingwillbeofferedbytelevisionandthespectatorwillonlyhavetochoose.ThereviewSportsIllustratedrecentlypublishedafullprofileofthelifeofthesupporterathomeinthemiddleofthenextcentury.Itexplainedthattheconsumerswouldbeabletoselecttheirviewofthematchonagigantic,flatscreenoccupyingthewholeofonewall,withimagesofaclaritywhichcannotbeforeseenatpresent;theycouldwatchfromthetrainer’sstandsjustbehindthebatterinagameofbaseballorfromthehelmetofthestarplayerinanAmericanfootballgame.Andattheirdisposalwillbethesaneoptionstheproduceroftherecordedprogrammerhastoselectreplays,tochoosewhichcameratomeandtodecideonthesoundwhethertohearthepublic,theplayers,thetrainerandsoon.

Manysportsexecutives,largelytoooldandtooconservativetofeelathomewiththenewtechnologieswillbelievethatsportmustcontroltheexpansionoftelevisioncoverageinordertosurviveandensurethatspectatorsattendmatches.Theydonotevenaccepttheevidencewhichcontradictstheirviewwhilethereismorebasketballthaneverontelevision,forexample,itisalsocertainthatbasketballismorepopularthanever.

Itisalsotheargumentofthesesportsexecutivesthattelevisionharmingthemodestteams.Thisistrue,butthefutureofthoseteamisalsomodest.Theyhavereachedtheirceiling.Itisthelawofthemarket.Thegreateventscontinuallyattractlargeraudience.

TheworldIbeingconstructedonnewtechnologiessothatpeoplecanmaketheutmostuseoftheirtimeand,intheirhomehaveaccesstothegreatestpossiblerangeofrecreationalactivities.Sportwillhavetoadaptitselftothenewworld.

Themostvisionaryexecutivesgofurther.Thatphilosophyis:

ratherthanseetelevisiontakeoversportwhynothavesportstakenovertelevision?

46．Whatdoesthewritermeanbyuseofthephrase“anindissolublemarriage”inthefirstparagraph?

　　A．sportiscombinedwithtelevision.

　　B．sportcontrolstelevision.

　　C．televisiondictatessports.

　　D．Sportandtelevisionwillgotheirownways

47．Whatdoes“they”inline2paragraph2standfor?

　　A．Broadcasts.

　　B．Channels.

　　C．Spectators.

　　D．Technologies.

48．Howdomanysportsexecutivesfeelwiththenewtechnologies?

　　A．theyaretoooldtodoanything.

　　B．Theyfeelillatease.

　　C．Theyfeelcompletelyathome.

　　D．Technologiescangohandinhandwithsports.

49．Whatisgoingtobediscussedinthefollowingpa