高考真题英语全国卷阅读理解汇编.docx
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高考真题英语全国卷阅读理解汇编
2018全国I卷
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Washington,D.C.BicycleTours
CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
DurationTour
Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseeaworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!
WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour
Duration:
3hours(4miles)
JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.
CapitalCityBikeTourInWashington,D.C.
Duration:
3hours
MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost,interestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.z.xxk
WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour
Duration:
3hours(7miles)
JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyourbikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.
21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?
A.CherryBlossomlikeTourinWashington,D.C.
B.WashingtoncapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.
C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.
22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?
()
A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.
C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.
23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?
()
A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.MealsD.Safetylights
B
GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.
InSaveMoney:
GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’sleantintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.
"WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay£5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves."
Theeight-partseries(系列节自),SaveMoney:
GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:
GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.
Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.
24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?
()
A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.
B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.
C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.
D.Shehashadalightbudgetforherfamily.
25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?
()
A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.
B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.
C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.
D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.
26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?
()
A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.
B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.
C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.
D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.
27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
()
A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart
B.BalancingOurDailyDiet
C.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef
D.CookingWellforLess
C
Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.
Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentres,trade,industrialisation.thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation.Especiallyglbalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish.SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot.wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:
theAmericasabout1,000.Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.z.x.xk
Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):
noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhuntergatherertimes?
A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.
C.Theyhadsimilarpatters.D.Theywerecloselyconnected
29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?
()
A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.
30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?
()
A.About6800B.About3400C.About2.400D.About1-200
31.Whatistheminideaofthetext?
()
A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.
BPeopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages
C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages
D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.
D
Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.
Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration—Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.
Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,"saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.
Sowhat'sthesolution(解决方案)?
Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.
32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?
()
A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.
B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.
C.Theycostmoretouseathome.
D.Theygooutofstylequickly.
33.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?
()
A.Toreducethecostofminerals.
B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.
C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.
D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.
34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?
()
A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.
C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.
35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?
()
A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.
C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Co