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最新塑料杯托注射模设计设计
塑料杯托注射模设计设计
学号：
10436112
常州大学
毕业设计（论文）
（2014届）
题目塑料杯托注射模设计
学生黄武
学院机械工程学院专业班级成型101
校内指导教师李晓艳专业技术职务讲师
二○一四年五月
塑料杯托注射模设计
摘要：
本课题是塑料杯托注射模设计。
首先进行塑件的工艺分析，通过对其外形、材料、收缩率等参数的分析来确定模具设计的方案。
通过分析塑件的材料、大小选择注塑机，之后进行注塑机的校核。
该塑件采用侧向分型抽芯的方式来成型，又是一模两腔，设计模具的结构时包括定位环、浇口套、模具的型腔结构、型芯的结构、斜导柱、楔形块、滑块、导滑槽、挡板、复位杆、拉料杆、导向机构、推出机构、浇注系统、排气系统、模温调节系统等。
该设计方案简单明了，提高塑件的生产精度和生产效率，节约成本，同时这样设计的目的是为了使设计规范化，生产时制造人员更加清楚，能够规范化生产。
同时也可以将自己之前所学的理论知识与实现相结合，并让自己养成良好的设计习惯，又锻炼了自己的配合意识。
关键词：
塑料杯托；注射模；侧向分型；
说明：
①题名以简明的词语恰当、准确地反映论文最重要的特定内容（一般不超过25字），应中英文对照。
题名通常由名词性短语构成，应尽量避免使用不常用缩略词、首字母缩写字、字符、代号和公式等。
如题名内容层次很多，难以简化时，可采用题名和副题名相结合的方法，其中副题名起补充、阐明题名的作用。
题名和副题名在整篇学位论文中的不同地方出现时，应保持一致。
②摘要应具有独立性和自含性，即不阅读论文的全文，就能获得必要的信息。
摘要的内容应包含与论文等同量的主要信息，供读者确定有无必要阅读全文，也可供二次文献采用。
摘要一般应说明研究工作目的、方法、结果和结论等，重点是结果和结论。
③中文摘要一般字数为300~600字，外文摘要实词在300个左右。
如遇特殊需要字数可以略多。
Title（居中TimesNewRoman字体三号粗体）
Abstract（TimesNewRoman小四号粗体）：
内容（TimesNewRoman小四号）
Keywords（TimesNewRoman小四号粗体）：
内容（TimesNewRoman小四号）
术语表
说明：
术语表是符号、标志、缩略词、首字母缩写、计量单位、术语等的注释说明。
摘要·········································································································································Ⅰ
术语表······································································································································Ⅲ
目录··········································································································································Ⅳ
引言······································································································································1
1塑件的工艺分析·····················································································································1
1.1外形分析······························································································································1
1.2材料分析······················································································································1
1.3体积与质量······················································································································1
1.4塑料成型机械·····················································································································1
2注塑机的选择························································································································3
3注塑机的校核······················································································································5
4模具结构的设计···················································································································10
4.1型腔布局·····························································································································1
4.2分型面的设计······················································································································1
4.3浇注系统······························································································································3
4.3.1主流道设计························································································································5
4.3.2分流道设计······················································································································10
4.3.3浇口套设计························································································································1
4.3.4定位环······························································································································1
4.3.5浇口设计····························································································································3
4.3.6冷料井·······························································································································5
4.4成型零件的结构设计········································································································10
4.4.1定模型芯························································································································10
4.4.2动模型芯·························································································································10
4.4.3型腔设计··························································································································10
4.5侧向分型····························································································································10
4.5.1侧向分型的方式··············································································································10
4.5.2抽拔距的计算·················································································································10
4.5.3斜销计算·························································································································10
4.5.4导滑槽····························································································································10
4.5.5楔紧块····························································································································10
4.5.6滑块·······························································································································10
4.5.7滑块定位装置················································································································10
4.6模架的选择························································································································10
4.7推出机构···························································································································10
4.8导向机构····························································································································10
4.8.1动定模导向····················································································································10
4.8.2推板导向························································································································10
4.9排气系统···························································································································10
4.10冷却系统的设计········································································································10
5结论······································································································································35
参考文献··································································································································38
致谢··········································································································································40
附录A······································································································································41
附录B······································································································································42
引言
1．课题研究的意义，国内外研究现状和发展趋势
1.1本课题研究的意义
在现代生产中，模具是大批量生产各种产品和日用生活品的重要工艺装备，它以其特定的形状通过一定的方式使原料成型。
我国塑料模具工业起步晚,底子薄,与工业发达国家相比存在很大的差距。
随着塑料工业的不断发展，对塑料模具提出越来越高的要求是正常的，因此，精密、大型、复杂、长寿命塑料模具的发展将高于总量发展速度，注射成型是当今市场上最常用、最具前景的塑料成型方法之一，因此注塑模具作为塑料模的一种，就具有很大的市场需求量。
而传统模具设计制造技术，根本不能满足市场对模具的要求。
因此，研制和开发新的模具设计、制造技术势在必行。
由于模具成型具有优质、高产、省料和成本低等特点，现已在国民经济各个部门，特别是汽车、拖拉机、航天航空、仪器仪表、机械制造、家用电器、石油化工、轻工日用品等部门得到极其广泛的应用。
塑料杯托在日常生活中比较常见。
因为每个家庭都有很多家用电器，当然杯托也是这些家用电器的必备产品。
选择它的目的在于它时常出现在我们的生活中，另外我们遇到的问题也不是什么大的问题，如果我们掌握了它的结构，以及它的性能，还有它的原理，那么每当我们发现它的毛病时，就可以自己动手去操作，把它的问题找出来。
一方面可以解决问题，另一方面也可以发现它的哪些地方会经常出现问题，在我们选择杯托时会留意一下。
本课题为注塑模具设计，模具作为一种高附加值和技术密集型产品，其技术水平的高低已经是衡量一个国家制作业水平高低的重要标志之一，而本题的研究将涉及一些二维及三维软件软件的应用，如AutoCad等，以及相关软件的应用。
通过本次课题对我们进行熟悉模具的设计，产品的开发等都有很大的意义。
1.2国内外的现状
在塑料制品的生产中，高质量的模具设计、现金的模具制造设备、合理的加工工艺、幼稚的模具材料和现代化成形设备等都是成形优质塑料件的重要条件。
国外发达国家模具标准化程度为七成到八成，而我国只有三成左右。
如能广泛应用模具标准件，将会缩短模具设计制造周期四分之一，并可减少由于使用者自制模具件而造成的工时浪费。
应用模具计算机辅助绘图技术设计模具已较为普遍，推广使用模具标准件，能够实现部分资源共享，这会大大减少模具设计的工作量和工作时间，对于发展计算机辅助绘图技术、提高模具的精密度有重要意义。
目前，我国制造业的水平仍然很低，在1995年人均制造业增加值仅203.5美元/人。
也仅仅相当于1950年美国的水平（1530美元/人），略高于日本1965年的水平，因此，我国的制造技术与国际先进水平相比还存在着阶段性差距。
近年来我国模具发展的重点放在精密、大型、复杂、长寿命模具上，并取得了可喜成就。
虽然我国模具工业与取得较大的发展，但仍然不能满足国内经济高速发展的需求。
“十五”期间，我国模具市场在汽车、家用电器、电子及通信产品、建材、玩具、一起仪表等行业将会有更大的需求。
现在，国内企业已认识到了模具标准化的重要性，目前有一定生产规模的模具标准件生产企业有一百余家，主要产品有塑料模架、侧冲装置、推杆推管等，其中塑料模架已可生产较大型产品，为发展大型精密模具打下了基础。
但是我们的小型模具，比如像杯托这样的家用产品，因为它的产量较大，并且人们的生活中也不可缺。
它在我们的生活中所占的比重很大，这是不容我们忽视的。
一些重要的模具标准必须重点发展，而且其发展速度应快于模具的发展速度，这样才能不断提高我国的模具标准化水平，从而提高模具质量，缩短模具生产周期及降低成本。
由于我国的模具产品在国际市场上占有较大的价格优势，因此对于出口前景好的模具产品也应作为重点来发展。
而且应该是目前已有一定基础，有条件、有可能发展起来的产品。
1.3发展趋势
（1）模具CAD/CAM/CAE正向集成化、三维化、智能化、网络化方向发展；
（2）模具监测、加工设备向精密、高效和多功能方向发展；
（3）快速荆棘制模技术；
（4）模具材料及表面处理技术发展迅速；
（5）模具工业新工艺、新理念和新模式逐步得到了认同。
1、塑件的工艺分析
1.1外形分析
该塑件为塑料杯托，是一种常见的生活用品。
1.2材料分析
该塑件成型时迅速，常温下一般不溶于有机溶剂，能耐醛、酯、醚、烃及弱酸、弱碱，耐汽油及润滑油性能也很好，有较高的抗拉，抗压性能和突出的耐疲劳强度，尺寸稳定、吸水率小，具有良好的耐摩性能，还有良好的电气绝缘性能。
因此可选用聚甲醛（POM），具体参数如下：
材料
比重
成型收缩率
成型温度
特性
聚甲醛（POM）
1.41-1.43g/cm3
1.2-3.0%
170-200°C
吸水性小、冷却速度快、摩擦系数小、有弹性
1.3体积和质量
1.4塑件成性要求
该塑件尺寸精度要求不高，壁厚均匀，同时化学性能稳定，绝缘性好，不易产生损坏和断裂现象，易于成形。
塑件表面平整，要求无飞边或缩孔现象。
2、注塑机的选择
由上面可知，塑件的体积为13cm3，一模两腔共26cm3，
V塑件=13cm3
2V塑件=26cm3
凝料体积约为塑件体积的20%
V凝料=2V塑件×20%=5.2cm3
V总=31.2cm3
一般一个注塑成型周期内所需注射的塑料熔体容量占注塑机额定量的50%-80%，所以注
塑机的额定量为
V额>31.2÷0.8=39cm3
根据上述要求选择SZ-60/40的注塑机，部分参数如下：
项目型号
SZ-60/40
螺杆直径/mm
30
理论注塑量/cm3
60
注射压力/MPa
180
注射速率/（g/s）
70
锁模力/kN
400
模板行程/mm
250
定位孔直径/mm
80
定位孔深度/mm
10
喷嘴球半径/mm
10
3、注塑机的校核
3.1锁模力的校核
注塑机的额定锁模力F锁=400MPa
POM的型腔压力p腔=35MPa
F锁>p腔×A/1000
式中：
F锁——锁模力（kN）
p腔——型腔压力（MPa）
A——塑件及流道系统在分型面上的投影面积（mm2）
A=4462mm2
p腔×A/1000=156.17kN
符合锁模力的要求。
3.2开模行程和塑件推出距离的校核
S>H+（5-10mm）
H——塑件的高度（mm）
S——注塑机最大开模行程（mm）
S=250mm
H=79mm
根据上式，符合要求。
4、模具结构的设计
4.1型腔布局
根据生产的要求和塑件的外形可设计成一模两腔的布局，平衡布置，这样模具尺寸
较小，制造方便，生产成本低，布置如下：
4.2分型面的设计
模具设计中，分型面的选择很重要，它决定模具的结构复杂程度，需要考虑的因素
也比较多，由于分型面受到塑件在模具中的成型位置、浇注系统设计、塑件的结构工艺
及精度、嵌件位置形状以及推出方法、模具制造、排气、操
升级会员 