版 第1部分 选修7 Unit 21 Human Biology.docx
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版第1部分选修7Unit21HumanBiology
Unit21 HumanBiology
[单词 拼写应用]
核心单词
1.abusevt.滥用
2.toleratevt.容忍
3.postponevt.推迟,延期
4.prohibitvt.禁止
5.foreseevt.预见
6.underlinevt.表明重要性;强调
7.temporaryadj.临时的,短暂的
8.circumstancen.情形,情况
9.seekvt.寻找
10.declinevi.下降
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Certainoccupationshavedeclined(decline)overallinrecentyears.
2.Thegamehasbeenpostponed(postpone)threetimes.
3.Theywereaccusedofabusing(abuse)theirpowertokeeppricesartificiallyhigh.
4.Heseemstobeineasycircumstances(circumstance)sincehehadhispayincrease.
5.Hadweforeseen(foresee)that,wewouldnothavelethimgo.
6.Theysought(seek)invainforsomewheretoshelter.
拓展单词
1.robvt.使丧失;抢劫→robbern.强盗→robberyn.盗窃
2.opposevt.反对→oppositionn.反方;对立面→oppositeadj.相反的;对面的→opposedadj.反对的
3.violatevt.违反;违背→violentadj.猛烈的→violencen.暴力
4.faithn.信心→faithfuladj.忠诚的;忠实的→faithfullyadv.忠诚地
5.equipvt.使有准备→equipmentn.设备;装备
6.fortunen.大笔钱财,巨款;运气→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地
7.submitvt.提交→submissionn.提交
8.extendv.延长→extensionn.延期
9.concernn.担心;担忧→concernedadj.关心的;担忧的→concerningprep.关于;有关
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Weareveryconcernedaboutourcompany'splansconcerningthenewposition.(concern)
2.Iwasveryfortunatetoseethis,butinawayIcreatedthisfortuneasIwasalwaysoutthere.(fortune)
3.Inordertoequipthemedicalequipmentreasonably,therentcenterwasfoundedinourhospitalin2002.(equip)
4.Thisfaithmadethemfaithfultocarryouttheinstructions.(faith)
5.Achildgrowingupinaviolentenvironmentlearnsviolenceandmayactviolentlytowardshisownchildren.(violent)
6.Importlicenseisonlyallowedtoextendonceandtheextensionisnomorethan3months.(extend)
7.Thestudentslivingfarawayfromtheschoolwerestronglyopposedtotheplan.Theiroppositionpreventedtheplanfrombeingcarriedout.(oppose)
8.Severalrobbersrobbedthebankofanenormoussumofmoney,makingthelargestrobberyofthiscityinthelastdecade.Buttheyweresooncaughtbythepolice.(rob)
阅读词汇
1.circulatevt.循环
2.mineraln.矿物
3.supremeadj.最高的,极度的
4.compulsoryadj.强制性的;义务的
5.violatevt.违反,违背
6.privilegedadj.荣幸的
7.catervi.满足,迎合
8.ampleadj.充足的,充裕的
9.storagen.储存
10.urbanadj.城市的
11.statisticsn.统计资料,统计数字
12.symptomn.症状
13.terminaladj.致命的;晚期的
14.minimumn.最低,最小
15.deadlinen.截止日期,最后日期
拓展联想
1.“annual”相关词汇扫描
①minutely每分钟的
②hourly每小时的
③daily每日的
④weekly每周的
⑤monthly每月的
⑥quarterly每季度的
2.“oppose”近/反义词
①reject→object
②agree→disagree
③approve→disapprove
④approval→disapproval
⑤befor→beagainst
⑥approveof→objectto
3.“财富”小聚会
①fortune ②treasure
③wealth④possession
⑤property⑥resource
⑦asset⑧goods
⑨estate⑩belongings
⑪means
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语
1.wipeout彻底毁灭
2.atrandom随便地,随意地
3.atallcosts不管多大代价,无论如何
4.caterto满足;迎合
5.straightaway立刻,马上
6.missout遗漏,遗忘;错过机会
7.focuson聚焦;集中;对准
[语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填空
Asasinger,LiJianwon't①catertothelisteners.Heonly②focusesonhistruefeelings,sohewon'twriteandsingsongs③atrandom.Becauseofthis,hemay④missoutmanygoodchancesofmakingmoney.Buthewillsticktoit⑤atallcosts.
8.clearup整理;解释;澄清
9.indespair绝望
10.beresponsiblefor对……负责任
11.getdownto开始做
12.atanyrate无论如何;至少
13.bringup教育;抚养;呕吐
14.stopsth.initstrack终止;消灭
[语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填空
MygoodfriendMarydidn'tgetthroughtheCollegeEntranceExamination,whichmadeherandherdisabledparents⑥indespair.Sheknewitwasnoteasyforherparentsto⑦bringherup.Soshewould⑧getdowntogoingoverherlessons.Shetoldmesheshould⑨beresponsiblefornotonlyherselfbutalsoherparents.
拓展联想
1.“开始/着手做”精选
①getdowntodoingsth.
②setouttodosth.
③setaboutdoingsth.
④settledowntosth.
⑤start/begindoing/todosth.
2.“立刻,立即”全接触
①atonce立即
②rightnow/away立刻
③straightaway立刻,马上
④innotime立刻,马上
⑤inaflash即刻
⑥inaninstant立即,马上
3.“clear”短语总汇
①clearaway把……清理出去,把……收拾整洁
②clearoff溜掉,离开
③clearout把……清理干净
④clearup解释;澄清;放晴
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.不定式作主语
Itiscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom.
他不可能解除契约对自己的束缚。
Itisimpossibleforhimtogetoffthecontract.
2.ratherthan而不是,与其……不如……
TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.
大多数人愿意买房子而不愿意租房子。
Mostpeopleprefertobuytheirownhomesratherthanrentthem.
3.sb./sth.bebelievedto...
Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months,withatendencytostriketheyoungandfitratherthantheold,theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostacuteepidemicinhistory.
据说他们已经研发了一种新的教学方法,这种方法注定会大大提高课堂效率。
Theyaresaidtohavedevelopedanewapproachtoteachingwhichisboundtoimproveclassroomteachinggreatly.
精讲9个考纲词汇
1.postponevt.推迟;延期
(1)单句语法填空
①Ourschoolhasdecidedtopostponeholding(hold)thesportsmeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.
②ThematchwaspostponedtothefollowingSaturdaybecauseofbadweather.
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)IshallputoffmakingadecisiontillIlearnfullparticulars.
(高级表达)IshallpostponemakingadecisiontillIlearnfullparticulars.
先理解再牢记
postponesth.推迟某事物;使某事物推迟
postponedoingsth.推迟做某事
bepostponedfor...(时间)被推迟了……
postponesth.to/until...推迟到……
[名师点津] “延缓做某事,推迟做某事”的表达还有:
putoffdoingsth.;delaydoingsth.等。
2.opposevt.&vi.反对;反抗
(1)单句语法填空
①MostAmericanswereopposedtoSyriawar.
②Ihavebeenconsistentlyopposedtofeeding(feed)ababyregularly.
③Sheisverymuchopposedtoyourgoing(go)abroad.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
我反对星期天购物,因为太拥挤了。
①IopposegoingshoppingonSundaysforitistoocrowded.(oppose)
②IamopposedtogoingshoppingonSundaysforitistoocrowded.(opposed)
③IobjecttogoingshoppingonSundaysforitistoocrowded.(object)
④IamagainstgoingshoppingonSundaysforitistoocrowded.(against)
先理解再牢记
(1)oppose(doing)sth.反对(做)某事
opposeone'sdoingsth.反对某人做某事
(2)opposedadj.相反的;对立的
beopposedto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事;与(做)某事对立
oppositeadj.对立的,在……对面的
prep.在……对面
[名师点津] oppose=objectto=beagainst“反对”;oppose后面跟动词时用动名词形式。
beopposedto结构中to为介词,后面也要跟动名词形式。
3.prohibitvt.禁止;阻止
(1)单句语法填空
①Weareprohibitedfromdrinking(drink)duringworkinghours.
②Smokingisprohibited(prohibit)intheofficebuilding.
③Hissmallsizeprohibitshimbecoming(become)apoliceman.
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)Somepeoplethinkthatit'snecessarytoprevent/stop/keeppeoplefromusingmobilephonesinsomeplaces.
①(高级表达)Somepeoplethinkthatit'snecessarytoprohibitpeople'susingmobilephonesinsomeplaces.
②(高级表达)Somepeoplethinkthatit'snecessarytoprohibitpeoplefromusingmobilephonesinsomeplaces.
先理解再牢记
(1)prohibitsth.禁止某事
prohibit...fromdoingsth.禁止……做某事
prohibitdoingsth.禁止做某事
prohibitsmoking禁止吸烟
(2)prohibitionn.禁止,禁令
aprohibitionagainst/on...……的禁令
4.toleratevt.容忍,忍受
(1)单句语法填空
①Theschoolcannottoleratecheating(cheat)onexams.
②Shehadnotoleranceforjokesofanykind.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
我不能容忍被嘲笑。
①Ican'ttoleratebeingmadefunof.(tolerate)
②Ican'tbear/standbeingmadefunof.(bear/stand)
③Ican'tputupwithbeingmadefunof.(putupwith)
先理解再牢记
(1)tolerate(doing)sth.容忍(做)某事
(2)tolerancen.容忍;宽容
havenotoleranceof/forsb./sth.不能容忍某人/某事物
(3)tolerantadj.宽容的;容忍的
betolerantof/towardssb./sth.忍受、宽容某人/某事
[名师点津] tolerate常用于否定句;后接动名词,不接不定式;表示容忍某人或某行为,不能用于表示忍受痛苦。
5.submitvt.提交;递交vi.服从,屈服
(1)单句语法填空
①Hesubmittedthereportonthemattertothecommittee.
②We'llsubmitourselves(us)tothecourt'sjudgement.
③Isubmitthatthetermsareentirelyunreasonable.
④Werejectedhissubmission(submit)thatthisbedoneatonce.
(2)单句改错
Hesubmittedhimtoasearchbytheguards.him→himself
先理解再牢记
(1)submitsth.tosb.提交;呈递某物给某人
submit(oneself)tosb./sth.顺从;屈服
submitthat提议;认为
(2)submissiveadj.服从的;顺从的;恭顺的
submissionn.屈服;呈送;提交
[名师点津] 在submit...to...中,submit是及物动词,意为“呈交”;在submitto中,submit是不及物动词,意为“服从”。
6.seekvt.寻找;探求;追求;征求;试图vi.寻找;探求;追求
(1)单句语法填空
①Weareseekingtoattain(attain)themostadvancedtechnologylevelintheworld.
②Whydomodernpeopleseekaftermaterialpossessions?
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
他早年到外国去闯天下。
Inearlyyouthhewenttoseekhisfortuneinaforeigncountry.
先理解再牢记
seeksth.(fromsb.)(向某人)请求/寻求某物
seekafter/forsb.(sth.)寻求某人(某物)
seekone'sfortune寻找成功(致富)的机会
seekout找出;寻出
seektodosth.试图做……
7.equipvt.装备,配备
(1)单句语法填空
①Theyareequippingthemselvesforajourney.
②Pleaseequipyourselfwithapencilandarubberfortheexam.
③Afirstaidkitisanecessarypieceofequipment(equip)forpeoplewhentraveling.
(2)单句改错
Weprovide2persontentsandbasiccookingandcampingequipments.
equipments→equipment
先理解再牢记
(1)equipsb./sth.todosth.使某人/某物具备条件做某事
equipsb./sth.withsth.用某物装备某人/某物
equipfor...为……做准备
beequippedwith配备有……(表示状态)
(2)equipmentn.装备;器材;装置
8.declinev.下降;衰退;婉拒n.下降;减少
(1)写出下列句中decline的词性及含义
①Iinvitedhertomywedding,butshedeclinedmyinvitation.v.谢绝
②Thecompanyreportedasmalldeclineinitsprofits.n.下降
③Thenumberoftouriststotheresortdeclinedby10%lastmonth.v.下降
④IndustryinBritainhasbeenindeclinesince1970s.n.衰退
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
不过互联网并非是旅游指南走下坡路的唯一原因。
ButtheInternetisnottheonlyreasonthatguidebooksareindecline.(declinen.)
先理解再牢记
(1)decline(from...)to...(从……)下降/减少到……
declineby下降/减少了……
declinedoing/todosth.婉言拒绝做某事
(2)fall/gointoadecline开始衰落,衰弱下去;走下坡路
adeclinein……的下降
indecline=onthedecline在下降,在衰退
9.fortunen.财产;大笔钱;机会;运气
(1)单句语法填空
①Fortunately(fortune)therainstoppedbeforewestarted.
②Youarefortunate(fortune)tohavesuchareasonablefather.
(2)单句改错
CentralLondonisfortunateinhavesomanylargeparksandopenspaces.
have→having
先理解再牢记
(1)makeafortune发财
bygood/badfortune幸运/不幸地