外国语学院论文格式.docx

外国语学院论文格式.docx

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外国语学院论文格式

2014届学士学位论文

生态批评视角下的《儿子与情人》

学院、专业外国语、英语/日语/翻译

研究方向

学生姓名张三

学号

指导教师姓名李四

指导教师职称

2014年4月25日

HuaibeiNormalUniversity

AnEco-criticalInterpretationofSonsandLovers

by

ZhangSan

Under

theSupervisionof

ProfessorLiSi

SubmittedtotheSchoolofForeignStudiesinPartial

FulfillmentoftheRequirementsfor

theDegreeofBachelorofArts

in

English/Translation/Japanese（三选一）

Huaibei,P.R.China

April2014

本科生毕业论文（设计）诚信承诺书

本人郑重承诺所呈交的毕业论文（设计）生态批评视角下的《儿子与情人》，是在指导教师的指导下严格按照学校和学院有关规定完成的。

本人在毕业论文（设计）中引用他人的观点和参考资料均加以注释和说明。

本人承诺在毕业论文（设计）选题和研究内容过程中没有抄袭他人的研究成果和伪造相关数据等行为，若有抄袭行为，由本人承担一切责任。

承诺人：

年级专业

签名：

2014年5月1日

Abstract

SonsandloversisregardedasamasterpieceofDavidHerbertLawrence,oneofthegreatestEnglishnovelistsinthe20thcentury.InthisnovelsLawrenceexposesnotonlytheecologicalcrisisofnatureandsociety,butalsothecrisisofmen’sspiritualecology,whichismuchmoresevereandworsenedthecrisisofnaturalecology.

ThethesisinterpretsSonsandLoversfromthreeperspectives.ItfirstanalyzestheimplicationofnaturalecologyinSonsandLovers,whichshowsLawrence’sspecialfeelingtowardsnature.HisworryaboutNaturalEcologyreflectshisdeepthoughtofman-and-naturerelationship.Thenitrevealsdisharmonioushumanrelationshipsinthedistortedindustrialsocietydescribedinthenovel;LawrencegivesgreatconcernforSocialEcologyinthenovel.LastitexploresthecrisisofthespiritualEcologyinthenovel;throughtheanalysisofthePaul'ssplitpersonality,theauthorfinallyfindsthewaytotheintegrityoftheself.

ThroughinterpretingSonsandLoversfromtheperspectivesofnatural,socialandspiritualecology,thethesisrevealsthecomplexityofthreebasicrelationships—manandnature,manandsociety,andmanandit’sself,andexposestheproblemofdisruptionofecologicalbalance.Itshowsthatonlybydealingwiththeserelationsproperlycanmanachievetherealecologicalimbalanceandliveapromisinglife.

KeyWords:

SonsandLovers;ecocriticism;naturalecology;socialecology;spiritual

ecology

摘要

《儿子与情人》是二十世纪英国伟大的小说家戴·赫·劳伦斯的代表作。

在这篇小说中，劳伦斯不但向我们揭露了自然生态危机和社会生态危机，而且向我们揭示了更为严重的人们的精神生态危机，这又在一定程度上加剧了自然生态危机。

论文从三个方面探讨了小说中所揭示的生态危机。

首先分析了《儿子与情人》中的自然生态危机，表达了作者对自然的特别感情，从劳伦斯对自然生态的担忧折射出作者对人与自然关系的深思。

其次揭示了小说中所反映的社会生态危机，揭示了扭曲的工业社会中不和谐的人际关系，作者高度关注小说中所反映的社会生态。

最后分析了小说中揭示的精神生态危机，通过对小说主人公保罗分裂的人格的研究分析，作者最终找到了实现自我完善的方法。

论文通过自然生态、社会生态、精神生态等几个维度对《儿子与情人》进行解读，揭示了人与自然、人与社会以及人与自我等错综复杂的关系以及生态失衡现象。

指出只有努力协调好上述几种关系，人类才能实现真正的生态平衡，人类的未来才能充满光明。

关键词：

《儿子与情人》；生态批评；自然生态；社会生态；精神生态

Contents

Abstract………………………….…..…………………………………………........I

ChapterOneIntroduction……………..…………..……………..……..........1

ChapterTwoCrisisofNaturalEcologyinSonsandLovers……….

I.Lawrence:

theSonofNature……………………….………………….....…….

II.TheDegradedEnvironment……………………….…………………..………...

A.xxxx…………………………………………………………………………

B.xxxx…………………………………………………………………………..

1.xxx………………………………………………………………………….

2.xxx………………………………………………………………………….

ChapterThreeCrisisofSocialEcologyinSonsandLovers…………..

I.TheRevelationoftheDistortedSociety……….………………………….…....

II.TheDisharmoniousHumanRelationships..……….….……………..…………

ChapterFourCrisisofSpiritualEcologyinSonsandLovers….......

IManwithSplitPersonality……………………………….…….………….…....

IILawrence’sPursuitoftheIntegrityoftheSelf………………………..……….

ChapterFiveConclusion………………….……………….….…..…...

WorksCited……………………..……………………………….…….…

ChapterOneIntroduction

DavidHerbertLawrence（1885-1930）isoneofthegreatestEnglishwritersinthe20thcentury.HewasbornintheMidlandminingvillageofEast-wood,Nottinghamshire.Hisfatherwasaminer;hismothercamefromadecliningmiddle-classfamilyandwasbettereducatedthanherhusband（吴伟仁415）.Thoughtheyhaveabigdifferenceinclassdistinction,theyalsohavesomethingincommon,thatisthelovefornature,whichtosomedegreeinfluencesLawrence’slovefornature.Hismotherdeeplylovestheirgardenbesidetheirhouse,inwhichhisfatherdigsupaplaceforvegetablesandfruitsandflowers.Hisparentsareveryfamiliarwithmanyplants,birdsandflowers.Lawrenceoftenhelpshisparentsinthegardenandlearnsalotaboutthese.Also,Lawrence’sloveofnaturecanbetracedbacktohischildhood.Hishometownissurroundedbycoalfieldsandpasturage.Theoldforestandnewcoalfieldsrevealanoticeablecontrastbetweenindustrializationandnature.Besidestheinfluencesinhischildhood,Lawrence’stravelinglifedeepenshislovefornature.LawrenceisverydisgustedwiththeindustrialcivilizationinEnglandandhespendshismosttimeintravelingabroad.Theoriginalforestsandthetamelessplacesgiveaprofoundimpressiononhim.BecauseofLawrence’slovefornature,hehasnatureasthemainthemeofhiswritingsandthebackgroundsofhisnovelsaremostlysetatcountrysideorotherplaceswithnaturallandscape.

SonsandLovers（1913）isLawrence’sthirdnovelwhichisregardedasamasterpieceinhisearlywritingcareer.Itisalsoregardedashisautobiographicalnovel.SonsandLovershasalsoencounteredavarietyofcomplimentsandcriticisms.Forexample,somecriticsconsiderthenoveltobea“technicalfailurewhoseartisticcoherencehasbeendestroyedbyitsinconsistencies”（Schwarz68）.Ontheotherhand,thenovelispraisedasaverypoeticbookwhose“rhythmstookonadistinctiveLawrenceanidentity,landscapesvibratedwithcolorandlanguagewasanimportantmusicalandpictorialmediumforthestory”（Moore28）,andaboveall,thenatureofitsoriginalityisalsowidelyappreciated.

SeenfromtheworksofLawrence,wecanalwaysseetheecocriticismreflectedinhisworks.Andinhisworks,heoftenexpresseshisdeepanxietytotheimbalanceofnaturalecology,socialecology,spiritualecologycausedbyIndustrialcivilization,whichalsodistortsthenormalinterpersonalrelationship（田慧君171）.Inthisrespect,SonsandLoversisagoodexample.InSonsandLovers,thesceneissetintheEastMidlandsattheturnofthecentury.TheIndustrialRevolutionbeginstoflourishinmostpartsofEnglandandconsequentlybringsgreatchangestonature.Atthebeginningofthenovel,Lawrencepresentsreaderstheworseningenvironment.HepointsoutvividlythattheruralEnglandhasbeendestroyedbyindustrialism.HegivesapanoramicviewofthehistoryandgeographyofEastwood,thetownwheretheMorelslive.

Inmymind,LawrenceshowsadeepconsciousnessofecologyinSonsandLovers,whichfewpeopleathomeandabroadhaveevertriedtointerpret.Withpenetratinginsightofhumanity,heworriesaboutthewholehumanbeings’life.Hewantstodosomethingtoawakenpeopletotheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmenttheylivein,especially,tobuildaharmoniousNaturalEcology,SocialEcologyandSpiritualEcology.Insuchecosystem,peoplecanliveinaharmoniousway.

ThisthesisintendstomakeanexplorationofLawrence’sSonsandLoversfromtheperspectiveofeco-criticism.AndthefollowingthreepartswillgiveadetailedanalysisofLawrence’secologicalconsciousnessembodiedinSonsandLoversfromthreeaspects,namely,NaturalEcology,SocialEcologyandSpiritualEcology.

ChapterTwoCrisisofNaturalEcologyinSonsandLovers

I.Lawrence:

theSonofNature

D.H.Lawrence’slifeexperiences,especiallythoseofhischildhoodandearlyyouthinhishometown,andofconstanttravelsaroundtheworld,accountedforhispassionatelovefornatureandphilosophicalthinkingontherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.

D.H.Lawrencewasborninacoal-miningvillage,abeautifulpartofEnglandthatwasmadehideousbynineteenth-centuryindustrialization.ThenoiseandgrimeofthepitsdominatedLawrence’shometownEastwood,buttheproximityoffabledSherwoodForestwasalivingreminderofwhatLawrencewouldlatercall“thecountryofmyheart.”D.H.Lawrenceneverhesitatedtoexpresshisloveforthearea.

Fromtheearlyyears,Lawrencewasawarethattheancientsacredwoodinhishometownwascontinuouslyshrinkingandthebeautifullandscapewasspoiledbythedirtymines.EveninthehighlynostalgicaccountaboveLawrencecouldnothidehisfrustrationagainstthereality:

thebeautybelongedtotheoldEnglandanditwasseducedbymotorcarsandmines.Ontheonehand,helovedthebeautifulnaturalworldinhisnativehometown;ontheotherhand,hewasdissatisfiedwiththejustemergingindustrialization.Henoticedthatthemineswerespoilingthebeautifulnaturalworld.Thenaturalunspoiledplacewascorruptedbythemarchofcivilization.Actually,throughouthislife,Lawrencehatedindustrializationandmachinery.Hehadamixedfeelingofloveandaversiontothiscommunity.

Theremnantpeacefulandbeautifulnaturallandscapewasincontrastwiththefilthyanduglyindustrialcivilization.Meanwhile,humannaturewasdistortedduetotheindustrialismandthedestroyedenvironmentalnature.Inhispointofview,Englandwasmadeuglyanddehumanizedbythespreadofindustrialism.Therefore,allhislife,Lawrencesoughtforwaystoreestablishtherightandharmoniouspartnershipbetweenhumanandnature.

NatureisthepoweroflifebecauseofLawrence’sbornlovefornature.Eastwoodisahillycountryandanextremelybeautifulcountryside.ToLawrence,natureistheplacewherepeopleareborn,theplace,whichsoothingandcalmingpeople,infusespeoplewithlife.Sohislovefornatureisthebornlove.

II.TheDegradedEnvironment

InSonsandLovers,thesceneissetintheEastMidlandsattheturnofthecentury.TheIndustrialRevolutionbeginstoflourishinmostpartsofEngland