Unit-1-general-and-speci.ppt

Unit-1-general-and-speci.ppt

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EnglishWritingCourse,Unit1GeneralandSpecific;AbstractandConcreteWords,I.Introduction,ThemostimportantfeatureofgoodwritingWhatisclarity?

Anexample,Anexample,1.Itisthebestrestaurantaroundthecity.2.Itsfoodistasty,fresh,andrich;itsserviceisquickandsatisfactory;besides,itspricesarelow.,II.Presentation,SpecificandConcreteTermsSpecificandconcretewordsSensewordssomethingwecansee,hear,touch,smellortaste.Generalandabstractwordssomethingwecannotsee,hear,touch,smellortaste-tosomethingwecannotknowdirectlythroughoursenses;instead,theyoftenrefertoanidea,aqualityoraconcept,GeneralTerms,SpecificTerms,colors,blue,red,black,persons,GeorgeWashington,AbrahamLincoln,events,theSecondWorldWar,theWorldCup,trees,elms,pines,oaks,Thesuperiorityofspecificwordsovergeneralterms,walk:

stride,stroll,step,drag,stagger,totter,sway,limp,wandergood（food）:

tasty,nourishing,rich,wholesome,high-priced,fresh,substantialnice（person）:

kind,honest,just,generous,sympathetic,warm-hearted,selfless,honorablehouseorbuilding:

mansion,villa,cottage,cabin,hut,shed,barn,warehouseworkman:

butcher,cook,carpenter,plumber,shoe-maker,smithmasonscientist:

physicist,chemist,biologist,geologist,etc.,Nowputthefollowingwordsandexpressionsintotwogroups.SPECIFICandGENERAL:

pinkblackuglybrownishbeautifullovely,bigactivenaughty1.70metersdark-blueplaintallhomelygreasysnow-whiteround,GeneralandSpecificStatements,GeneralStatementHedidwellinthecourse.,SpecificStatementsl.BobbygotanAineconomics.2.PaulreceivedaBinAmericanHistory.3.SmithmadeaBinFreshmanComposition.,WordsUsedtoDescribeHAIR,EYESandCOMPLEXION.,palefairblacksallowruddybloodshotcurlylankfrizzypastybrightalmond-shapeddarklongrosyspottygingerbobbed,WOMENSCLOTHING&ORNAMENTS,andMENSCLOTHING&ORNAMBNTS,suitcoatjacketT-shirtshirtblousescarftrouserstightscordsjeanssweaterskirtglassesbeltnecklacesocksbraceletblazeruniformoverallsglovestiestockings,III.PrinciplesofWordPreference,Vague:

WhenIwasyoung,wemovedfromoneareatoanother.Revised:

WhenIwaseightyearsold,wemovedfromShanghaitoBeijing.Vague:

Thepatientswoundwastreated.Revised:

Thenursebandagedthesoldiersminorwound.Vague:

Yourrelativeisnicetome.Revised:

YourauntBettyalwaysstopsandtalkstomewhenshemeetsmeinthestreet.Vague:

Johnisagoodstudent.Revised:

Incollege,Johnhasbeenrewardedascholarshipoverfiveyears.,IV.SuggestionsforChoosingConcreteandSpecificWords,l.Usethemostspecificwordyoucantodescribesomething.2.Verbsareamongthemostexpressivewordsinlanguage.Usingaverbthatmostvividlydescribesanactioncanbringasentencetolife.Weakverbs:

Themandidbadlyinfrontofalargeaudience.Weakverbs:

Idontcarefornoodlesandchoosenottoeatthem.Weakverbs:

Theboywalkedintotheclassroom.,3.Usewordsthatareclearandappropriateforthetopic.Dontusewordsthatarentcommoninconversation,andinparticular,dontchoosebigwordstoimpressthereadersratherthantocommunicateideasclearly.Bigverbs:

Johndisplayedanelementofdelightovertheacquisitionofastereosystemofunquestionablequality.,4.Wheneverpossible,showthereaderssomethinginsteadoftellingthemaboutit.Telling:

Wehadfunatthebeach.Revised:

LastSundaynightwebarbecuedhamburgersatSagamoreBeach,playedvolleyball,andthensataroundsingingandtellingghostTelling:

Vikkisroomisarealsight.Revised:

ThefloorofVickisroomisstrewnwithsodabottles,dirtylaundry,oldmagazines,andtheremnantsofseveraluneatencoffeecakes.Telling:

Matthewputupagoodfightagainstthebully.Revised:

Matthewbloodedthebullysfaceandknockedhimdowntwicebeforegettingknockedout.,General:

Itisoftenwindyanddustyhereinspring.Specific:

Inspringthereisoftenaverystrongnorthwestwind.Itcarriessomuchfinedustwithitthatsometimesthesunbecomesobscure.Thereisnoescapefromthefinedust;itgetsintoyoureyes,yourears,yournostrils,andyourhair.Itgoesthroughthecracksofclosedwindowsandcoversyourdesksandchairs.,General:

Studentsdomanyinterestingthingsafterclasses.Specific:

Everymorningandafternoonthesportsfieldsarealivewithenergeticstudents.Footballandbasketballmatches,volleyball,andbadminton,track-trainingandgymnasticsareallinfullswing.Eventhealleywaysunderthetreesandaroundtheflowerbedsprovideenoughspaceforenthusiaststopractise.Throughthewindowscomesthepitter-patterofping-pongballs,thesoundofsongsandmusic,orlaughteranddiscussion.,V.Exercises,Directions:

Underlinetheletterofthemostspecificitemineachnumberedgroupbelow.Consultyourdictionaryforthemeaningsofunfamiliarterms.Example:

a）foodb）carrotsc）vegetable1.a）dessertb）lemoniceboxpiec）pie2.a）bluejeansb）clothesc）pants3.a）NorthAmericab）Newjerseyc）UnitedStates4.a）