中科院英语听说教程《轻松听轻松说》上册听力原文及答案Unit11.docx

中科院英语听说教程《轻松听轻松说》上册听力原文及答案Unit11.docx

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中科院英语听说教程《轻松听轻松说》上册听力原文及答案Unit11

UNIT1

It’sNicetoKnowYou!

IntroductionsandConversationStarters

Introduction

Inmanysituations,Americanpeopleintroducethemselvesusingtheirfirstnames,andpreferthatotherscallthembytheirfirstnames.ButBritishpeopleandolderpeopleineithercountry,maybemoreformal,preferringtobeintroducedandcalledbytheirtitleandlastname.

Oftenwhenthereisadifferenceinstatusoragebetweentwoindividuals,formaltitlesandlastnamesareusedunlessthepersonoflowerstatusistoldtousethefirstname.Forexample:

M:

Hello,mynameisBobThomas.

W:

It’snicetomeetyou,Mr.Thomas.

M:

Please,justcallmeBob.

Ininformalintroductionsthereisatendencytoreducestatusdifferencebyusingfirstnames.Inmoreformalsituations,thetitlealongwiththelastnameisappropriate.Forexample,whenastudentintroducesherselftoauniversityprofessor,shemightsay:

“Hello,Dr.McCarrick.MynameisSusanHall.Iwouldliketoaskyouaboutyourcourse.”

AnswerstotheQuestions:

1.Formaltitlesandlastnamesareused.Forexample,Mr.,Ms.,Dr.andsoon.

2.Theuseoffirstnames.Forexample,Bob,Tomandsoon.

DiscussionQuestions:

1.HowdoChinesepeoplemakeformalintroductionsandaddresspeopleofhigherstatus?

2.WhenspeakingChinese,howdoyoumakeinformalintroductions?

3.Whenmeetingandspeakingwithsomeoneofthesamestatus,wouldyouuseformalterms?

InChinese?

InEnglish?

BackgroundInformation:

UseofTitlesinIntroductions

Usually,atitlecannotbecombinedwithagivenname.SoformssuchasMr.Michael,orMissHelenarenormallyunacceptable.Theuseofthehonorarytitle‘Sir’withaman’sgivennameisanexception.

e.g.FrederickCatherwood—SirFrederick

ElizabethCatherwood—LadyCatherwood.

Infact,thereisanincreasingtendencyamongWesternyoungpeopletousetheirgivennameinallbutthemostformalsituations.

InBritain,teachersarenormallyaddressedasfollows:

Primaryschool:

Sir/MissorTitle+surname

Secondaryschool:

Title+SurnameorSir/Miss.

UniversityorCollege:

Title+Surnameorgivenname.

RulestoGoByinInterpersonalCommunications

Generally,onemaybeintroducedbyothersormakeself-introductionatthefirstmeet.Nomatterbeingintroducedormakingself-introduction,thewayshouldbenaturalandnotprecipitate.Whenintroducingaperson,youshouldgesturepolitelybyhand.Pointingwithfingersisnotacceptable.

Therearesequencesinintroduction.Youshouldintroducetheyoungorpeopleinlowranktotheoldorpeopleinhighrank;menshouldbeintroducedtowomen.Whendoingintroductionallpeopleshouldstandupexceptwomenandtheelder.Howeverthismightbeneglectedattable.Theintroducedcouldjustgivesomeindicationlikesmileornod.

Handshakingisetiquettewhenmeetingorpartinginmostcountries.Onsocialoccasions,handshakeisnotunusual.Generally,handshakehappensatmeetingandintroducing.Usuallymakeaholdwithouteffort.Howevertheyoungorpeopleinlowrankshouldgoforwardtoshowrespecttotheoldorpeopleinhighrank.Menonlyholdthefingerpartofwomen.

Therearesequencesinhandshaketoo.Hosts,theold,peopleinhighrankandwomenshouldoffertheirhandsfirst.Guests,theyoungandpeopleinlowrankgreetfirstthenwaitforhandsoftheircounterpartsthenholdthem.Donotintercrosswhilemanypeoplehandshakeatthesametime.Waittillothersfinishtheirhandshake.Menshouldtakeofftheirglovesandhatsbeforehandshake（accordingtowesterncustom,peopleinhighrankorwomenmighthandshakewithgloves）.Whenattendinglarge-scaleactivity,fortherearetoomanypeople,youcouldhandshakewiththehostsandgreetotherswithnodding,insteadofhandshaking.Soldierswithhatshouldraisetheirhandsthenhandshake.Youshouldlookatyourpartnernototherswithsmile.SomepeoplefromBuddhistcountriesinSouthandEastAsiadonothandshake,insteadtheyclosetheirhandstogreetothers.Howeverwedonotdothisexceptwearetreatedthisway.

Whenmeetingacquaintancesfromdistanceinpublicplaces,generallyyoumayraiseyourrighthandtogreetandnod.Hand-kissingandgoingdowntoone’skneesaretheancientEuropeanetiquette,notoftenusedatpresentbutstillpossible.

EyeContactandHandshakinginIntroductions

DirecteyecontactandfirmhandshakesduringintroductionsarecustomaryintheUnitedStates.Inintroductionsaswellasingeneralconversations,speakersmaintainfrequenteyecontact.Mostpeoplebecomenervousiffrequenteyecontactturnsintodirectstaring.Whenshakinghands,peopleshakefirmlyandbriefly.Theexpression,“Heshakeshandslikeadeadfish”referstoalimphandshake,asignintheAmericancultureofaweakcharacter.Prolongedhandshakingisnotusual.

Problemscanarisewhenthesecustomsareunfamiliartoforeignvisitors.Oneforeignstudentremarked,“I’mbeginningtothinkthatthereissomethingwrongwithme.WhenIshakehandswiththem,theyalwayspulltheirhandsawayquickly.”Ishisimpressioncorrectorishemisinterpretingaculturalritual?

Americanvisitorssometimespulltheirhandsawaytooquicklyincountrieswhereprolongedhandshakingiscommon.

“SmallTalk”AfterIntroductions

Immediatelyafterintroductionsaremade,thereisusuallyaperiodoftimeinwhichimpersonalortrivialsubjectsarediscussed.Thistypeofconversation,called“smalltalk,”isimportantbecauseitoftenhelpstomaintainconversationsanditcanleadintointerestingdiscussions.Usuallyspeakersinitiatesmalltalkwithsuchquestionsas“Doyouliveinthisarea?

”“Howdoyoulikelivinghere?

”or“Whatareyoustudying?

”Itisalsocommonforpeopletoask,“Whatdoyoudo?

”whichmeans“Whatisyourjob?

”butitisuncommonandconsideredimpolitetoask“Howmuchmoneydoyoumake?

”or“Howmuchdoesyourhome（orsomeotherpossessions）cost?

”Otherquestionssuchas“Areyoumarried?

”or“Howoldareyou?

”（toanadult）areconsideredtoopersonalforinitialmeetings.

Inanintroductorymeeting,maintainingaconversationiseasierwhenthetwopeoplefindthattheyhavesomethingincommon.Theycantalkaboutweather,jobs,holidaysandoutings,films,televisionprogramsandotherformsofentertainments,localornationalevents,butnotaboutage,moneyandmarriage.

PartOneListeningIn

David:

Excuseme,...uh...Icouldusesomehelpwiththiswashingmachine.

Annie:

Sure.Whatseemstobethetrouble?

David:

Ijustdon’tknowhowtouseit.Yousee,thisismyfirsttimeatthelaundromat,and…

Annie:

Isee.Well,howdoyouusuallywashyourclothes?

David:

Ilivealone,soIusuallysendthemouttoalaundry,butIwantedtosavemoney,soIcamehere.

Annie:

Yeah,Iknowwhatyoumean.Ineedtosavemoney,too,becauseIjustlostmyjob.

David:

Oh,really?

Whatkindofworkdoyoudo?

Annie:

I’mawaitress.

David:

Isthatright?

Well,Iworkatarestaurant,too,andIthinktheymayhaveopenings.Ishouldintroducemyself—myname’sDavidSpencer.

Annie:

Wellgladtomeetyou.I’mAnnieKennedy.

David:

Nicemeetingyou,too.Whereareyoufrom?

Annie:

Paris,France.Andyou?

David:

I’mfromMexico.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?

Annie:

Aboutayear.MyfatherandmotherliveinParis.Ireallymissthem.

David:

Uh-huh.Whatdotheydo?

Annie:

Myfather’sabusinessman,andmymother’sanurse.

David:

Oh,really?

Well,mymotherworksinahospital,too.She’sadoctor.

Annie:

Really?

Wheredoesshelive?

David:

InMexicoCity.Myfatherisn’tliving,and...ofcoursewereallymisshim.

Annie:

Oh,that’stoobad.

David:

Doyouhaveanybrothersandsisters?

Annie:

Yeah.Ihaveabrother,Peter.HelivesinLosAngeles,California.Peterhasarestaurant.Ithinkhe’sagreatcook.Icallhimeveryweek.

David:

Oh?

Well,IhaveasisterbutIdon’tseehermuch.Italktoheronthephonesometimes.SheliveswithherhusbandandtheirtwochildreninNewYork.

AnswerstotheQuestions:

1.David:

Excuseme,....un...Icouldusesomehelpwiththiswashingmachine.

Annie:

Sure.

2.David:

...Ishouldintroducemyself—myname’sDavidSpencer.

Annie:

Well,gladtomeetyou.I’mAnnieKennedy.

David:

Nicemeetingyou,too.

3.She’sawaitress.

4.Davidworksinarestaurant,too.

PartTwoBetterListening

SectionA

W:

Jeez,it’srainingagain!

M:

Oh,shoot!

Ishouldhavebroughtmyumbrellawithme.（Hesneezes.）

W:

Blessyou.

M:

Thanks.Bytheway,I’mMike.

W:

Hi,Mike.

M:

Hi.I’veneverseenyouaround.Areyouafreshperson?

W:

Nope,I’masophomore.I’mMaryBrown.

M:

Mary,andwhat’syourlastnameagain?

W:

MaryBrown.

M:

Yeah,I’veheardofyou.You’refromChicago,right?

AnswerstotheQuestions:

1.Jeez,it’srainingagain!

2.MikeandMary.

3.She’sastudent,andshe’sfromChicago.

ConversationTwo

M:

Interestingmeeting,isn’tit?

W:

Yes,very.Ithoughtthelastspeakerwasespeciallygood.

M:

Letmeintroducemyself,bytheway,myname’sThomasBradley.

W:

Howdoyoudo?

I’mKatherineNugent.

M:

Sorry,whatwasyourlastnameagain?

W:

It’sNugent,N-U-G-E-N-T,butjustcallmeKate.

M:

OK,I’mTom.

W:

Gladtomeetyou,Tom.

M:

Andwhatdoyoudo,Kate?

W:

Me?

IworkforAmericanAirlines.

M:

Asastewardess?

W:

Yes,that’sright.Andhowaboutyou?

M:

Iworkinthecarbusiness.

W:

Oh,really?

Whatdoyoudoexactly?

M:

I’masalesman.

AnswerstotheQuestions:

1.ThomasBradleyandKatherineNugent.

2.TomisasalesmanandKateisastewardess.

SectionB

ConversationOne

M:

Excuseme,couldyoutellmethetime?

W:

Er...yes...er,it’sfivetoeight.Theoperawillstartinfiveminutes.

M:

Thankyou.Er...excuseme,Iwonderifwehaven’tmetsomewherebefore?

W