新东方经典背诵作文.docx
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新东方经典背诵作文
01thelanguageofmusic
apainterhangshisorherfinishedpicturesonawall,andeveryonecanseeit.acomposerwritesawork,butnoonecanhearituntilitisperformed.professionalsingersandplayershavegreatresponsibilities,forthecomposerisutterlydependentonthem.astudentofmusicneedsaslongandasarduousatrainingtoBEComeaperformerasamedicalstudentneedstobecomeadoctor.mosttrainingisconcernedwithtechnique,formusicianshavetohavethemuscularproficiencyofanathleteoraballetdancer.singerspracticebreathingeveryday,astheirvocalchordswouldbeinadequatewithoutcontrolledmuscularsupport.stringplayerspracticemovingthefingersofthelefthandupanddown,whiledrawingthebowtoandfrowiththerightarm—twoentirelydifferentmovements.
singersandinstrumentshavetobeabletogeteverynoteperfectlyintune.pianistsaresparedthisparticularanxiety,forthenotesarealreadythere,waitingforthem,anditisthepianotuner’sresponsibilitytotunetheinstrumentforthem.buttheyhavetheirowndifficulties;thehammersthathitthestringhavetobecoaxednottosoundlikepercussion,andeachoverlappingtonehastosoundclear.
thisproblemofgettingcleartextureisonethatconfrontsstudentconductors:
theyhavetolearntoknoweverynoteofthemusicandhowitshouldsound,andtheyhavetoaimatcontrollingthesesoundwithfanaticalbutselflessauthority.
techniqueisofnouseunlessitiscombinedwithmusicalknowledgeandunderstanding.greatartistsarethosewhoaresothoroughlyathomeinthelanguageofmusicthattheycanenjoyperformingworkswritteninanycentury.
02schoolingandeducation
itiscommonlybelievedinunitedstatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.nevertheless,ithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.
educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.educationknowsnobounds.itcantakeplaceanywhere,whetherintheshowerorinthejob,whetherinakitchenoronatractor.itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradio,fromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.whereasschoolinghasacertainpredictability,educationquiteoftenproducessurprises.achanceconversationwithastrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.education,then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.itisalifelongprocess,aprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschool,andonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone’sentirelife.
schooling,ontheotherhand,isaspecific,formalizedprocess,whosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.throughoutacountry,childrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametime,takeassignedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,usesimilartextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.theslicesofrealitythataretobelearned,whethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingoftheworkingofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthattherenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.
03thedefinitionof“price”
pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.thepricesystemoftheunitedstatesisacomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professional,transportation,andpublic-utilityservices.theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe“system”ofprices.thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.
ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price”,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductorserviceor,inotherwordsthatpriceisthemoneyvaluesofaproductorserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatapplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal“package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.
04electricity
themodernageisanageofelectricity.peoplearesousedtoelectriclights,radio,televisions,andtelephonesthatitishardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutthem.whenthereisapowerfailure,peoplegropeaboutinflickeringcandlelight,carshesitateinthestreetsbecausetherearenotrafficlightstoguidethem,andfoodspoilsinsilentrefrigerators.
yet,peoplebegantounderstandhowelectricityworksonlyalittlemorethantwocenturiesago.naturehasapparentlybeenexperimentinginthisfieldformillionofyears.scientistsarediscoveringmoreandmorethatthelivingworldmayholdmanyinterestingsecretsofelectricitythatcouldbenefithumanity.
alllivingcellsendouttinypulsesofelectricity.astheheartbeats,itsendsoutpulsesofrecord;theyformanelectrocardiogram,whichadoctorcanstudytodeterminehowwelltheheartisworking.thebrain,too,sendsoutbrainwavesofelectricity,whichcanberecordedinanelectroencephalogram.theelectriccurrentsgeneratedbymostlivingcellsareextremelysmall–oftensosmallthatsensitiveinstrumentsareneededtorecordthem.butinsomeanimals,certainmusclecellshavebecomesospecializedaselectricalgeneratorsthattheydonotworkasmusclecellsatall.whenlargenumbersofthesecellarelinkedtogether,theeffectscanbeastonishing.
theelectriceelisanamazingstoragebattery.itcanseedajoltofasmuchaseighthundredvoltsofelectricitythroughthewaterinwhichitlive.(anelectrichousecurrentisonlyonehundredtwentyvolts.)asmanyasfour-fifthsofallthecellsintheelectriceel’sbodyarespecializedforgeneratingelectricity,andthestrengthoftheshockitcandelivercorrespondsroughlytolengthofitsbody.
05thebeginningofdrama
therearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientgreece.theonmostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld-eventheseasonalchanges-asunpredictable,andtheysoughtthroughvariousmeanstocontroltheseunknownandfearedpowers.thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.astimepassedsomeritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.
thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused,furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformancesandwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea“andthe“auditorium.“inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeings,andmimedthedesiredeffect-successinhuntorbattle,thecomingrain,therevivaloftheSUN-asanactormight.eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.
anothertheorytracesthetheater’soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.accordingtothisviestales(aboutthehunt,war,orotherfeats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthatareimitationsofanimalmovementsandsounds.
06television
television-----themostpervasiveandpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth-ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.
theword“television“,derivedfromitsgreek(tele:
distant)andlatin(v