英语本科毕业论文从女性主义视角分析《飘》管理资料.docx
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英语本科毕业论文从女性主义视角分析《飘》管理资料
AnalysisofGonewiththewindfromthe
PerspectiveofFeminism
从女性主义视角分析《飘》
Abstract
Asagreatmasterinthemodernliteraryworld,AmericanfemalewriterMargaretMitchellgainsaworld-widereputationmerelyonthestrengthofhersingularworkGonewiththeWind.AsthefirstnovelwhichdepictsAmericanCivilWarfromwomen’sperspective,Margaretfocusesonthesufferingsfromthewarofthosewomenwhostayathomeandtheirdifficultjourneyofreconstruction.Eversinceitspublicationin1936,GonewiththeWindhasreceivedextensiveattentionfromliteraryworld.Literarycritics,onthebasisoftheirrespectiveknowledgeandunderstanding,havegivendifferentevaluationsaboutthisnovel.MostoftheirresearchesconcentrateonthehistoricalbackgroundofAmericanCivilWar,theabolitionistthought,Scarlett’sparticularcharactersandtheculturaldiscrepancybetweentheNorthandtheSouth.Meanwhilemanyreadersonlytreatthisnovelasasimplelovestory,fascinatedbyitsintricateandmovingnarrationyetneglectingitsimplicitideologicalvalues.Startingfromthefeministicperspective,thisthesiswillelaborateonwomen’ssocialstatusandvalues,aseriesofvividfemaleimages,andtherelationshipbetweennatureandwomen,therebytoanalyzetheawakeningoffemaleself-consciousnessreflectedinthisnovelanditsimmenseandpositiveeffectonthecauseofwomen’sliberation.
KeyWords:
GonewiththeWindwomenfeminismeco-feminism
摘要
美国女作家玛格丽特·米歇尔作为现代世界文坛巨匠,凭借其唯一的一部作品《飘》就名扬天下,成为美国文学史一颗耀眼的明星。
作为第一部从南方女性角度叙述美国内战的小说,玛格丽特着重描写了留在后方家里的妇女饱受战乱之苦的体验和感受以及战后立志重建家园的艰辛历程。
自从1936年《飘》问世以来,就受到了文学界广泛的关注,评论家们基于自己的认识和理解给出了各自不同的评价。
多数研究主要集中于美国南北战争的历史背景,废奴主义思潮,斯嘉丽独特的个性以及南北方文化的差异上,许多读者也只把它当成一部通俗的言情小说,着迷于其中曲折动人的爱情故事,却忽视了其中蕴含的思想价值。
而本文将从女性主义视角入手,从女性的地位与价值,一系列个性鲜明的女性形象,以及自然与女性的关系加以阐释,由此分析这部作品体现的女性自我意识的觉醒以及其在推动三四十年代女性觉醒和解放运动的地位和作用。
关键词:
《飘》妇女女性主义生态女性主义
Contents
Ⅰ.Introduction
Ⅱ.BackgroundofMargaretMitchell’sage
A.Women’ssocialstatusinAmericansocietyreflectedinthenovel
B.SocialinfluencesonMargaretMitchell’sfemalesense
1.Awakeningofwomen’sconsciousnessandpushingofanti-slaverymovement
2.Feministicmovement’sattackonAmericansoutherncultureandtheauthor
Ⅲ.Feminismreflectedbytypicalfemalecharacters
A.FeminisminScarlettO’Hara
1.Fightagainsttraditionalconventionsandemphasisonself-consciousness
2.Dedicationofloveandunremittingseekforherownhappiness
3.Pursuitofeconomicindependenceandself-actualization
B.FeminisminEllenO’Hara
1.Pursuitoftrueloveandfreemarriage
2.Modelmother
(a).Establishmentofstandardmannersforothers
(b).Livingandspiritualbackboneofthefamily
IV.Eco-feminismreflectedinGonewiththewind
A.Introductionofeco-feminism
B.Eco-feminismreflectedbytwonaturalimagesinthenovel
1.Eco-feminismbytheimageofearth
2.Eco-feminismbytheimageofhouse
(a).HouseofGerald
(b).HouseofMelanie
(c).HouseofScarlett
V.Conclusion
Ⅰ.Introduction
GonewiththeWind,themasterpieceofAmericanfemalewriterMargaretMitchellisoneofthemostdistinguishedrepresentativeworksofAmericanliteratureandcanbecomparablewithTolstoy'sWarandPeace.Merelyonthestrengthofthisnovel(hersingularwork),theauthorMargaretgainsaworld-widereputation.Havingbrokenthesalesrecordsimmediatelyuponitspublicationandbeentranslatedintosomedozensofforeignlanguages,itisnotonlywidelyreadandproclaimedintheUnitedStates,butalsoremainsitseternalpopularitythroughoutthewholeworld.
However,quiteafewliterarycriticsregardGonewiththeWindasasimplelovestoryandmanyreadersarealsomerelyfascinatedbyitsintricateandmovingnarration,yetneglectingitsimplicitideologicalvalues.Ifitisexclusivelyanexotericlovestory,canitstillcastsuchanenduringliteraryspellafterdecades?
Theanswerisdefinitelynot.Thereasonsforitseverlastingenchantmentarenotonlyduetoitsuniquewritingperspectiveorartisticexpressionsbutalsolieinitsdeep-goingreflectionofpeople’sthoughtsofthatageorinotherwordsitspenetrativeintentions.Thefeministicthoughtispreciselyanessentialoneinthemidstofthem,whichendowsthisworkwithatimelessglamour.
Thisthesiswilltakeathoroughexplorationoffeminismimplicatedinthisnovel.Thefirstpartisageneralintroduction.ThenthefollowingpartwillbeanoverviewofMargaretMitchell’slivingandcreatingbackground,withthenexttwopartsfullyprobingintothefeministicthoughtinthisworkthroughaseriesoffemalecharactersandnaturalimages.Finally,aconclusionsumsupthethesis.
Ⅱ.BackgroundofMargaretMitchell’sage
A.Women’ssocialstatusinAmericansocietyreflectedinthenovel
ThestorytakesplaceinthesouthernplantationbeforeAmericanCivilWar.Atthattime,theSouthisanewreclaimedlandwheretheindustrialcivilizationhasnotyetpenetratedit.Theresidentsrestontherollingmoneygainedbycottonplantingandpicking.There,withintheshadowofchivalry,keepstheskin-deepgraceand
splendor.Womenlivingontheredsoilaredelicateflowers,tightlyclingingtomenanddecoratingmen’sworld.Theyhavenorightstovote.Norcantheycontroltheirbelongingsorchildrenaftertheygetmarried,letalonedrawawillormakeatreatywithouttheirhusbands’permission.Theirsocialstatusisparallelto“thatofaminororaslave”(Deborah,2006).Theyenduredualoppressionnotonlyfrommenbutalsofromthemselves,lyinginthesubordinatesocialpositionwithouttheprivilegetomanagetheirownlives.Inthismale-dominatedworld,menstiflewomen’sdevelopmentfromeveryaspect.
Firstly,theystraineverynervetoconfinewomeninthehousetomakesurethatwomen’signorancehasnotbeencorruptedbythesocietyandtheyaresatisfiedtobethelovely“vase”.Althoughmenprovidewomenwithprotection,clothingandfoodsources,theyhaveanessentialprerequisitethatmenshouldholdprimacyaswellasthecontrolofwomen.Womenareimprisonedathomewantingeconomicindependence.Theexclusiveapproachfortheirsocialstatusandeconomicwarrantyistomarryandgivebirthtobabies.
Secondly,menalsospirituallysuppresswomen.Theymayyieldtowomenandsatisfytheirallkindsofsmallrequirementsaboutthehouseholdaffairs;neverthelessoncewomenhaveindependentopinions,theywillfeelpanicandpulleverystringtoholdthemback.Forinstance,whenScarlettbuysalumbermillanddecidestooperatebyherself,herhusbandFrank,thoughacoward,stillfeelsunacceptable:
“Frank,incommonwithallmenheknew,feltthatawifeshouldbeguidedbyherhusband’ssuperiorknowledge,shouldaccepthisopinionsinfullandhavenoneofherown”(MargaretMitchell,2008).Thereforemen’stoleranceisonthepremiseoftheassuranceofthemale-centeredstatus.Infact,menwouldrathergiveeverythingintheworldtowomenthanallowwomentohaveintelligenceandindependentviews.Inmen’sopinion,“womenshouldbeconfinedtothedomesticsphere,nurturingchildren,maintainingthehouseholdandservingtheirhusbands”(Deborah,2).Ifawomanshowsheranyintellectualadvantage,peoplewillisolateher,reputingthatshehasgobeyondherdueresponsibilitieswhicharegenerallydefinedasdressing,dancingandhousemanagement.
Regrettably,womenareimperceptiblyinfluencedbythelocationgivenfrommen.SouthernmothersinGonewiththeWindactastheexecutorofethicalcodes,inhibitingyounggirls’developmentoftheirtruecolors.TakeScarlettasanexample,sheiseducatedtobeanobedientladyevenfromchildhood.Hermotherandblackmammyhavealwaystriedtheirbesttoinstillthoseindispensablequalitiesofaladyintoher.“Youmustbemoregentle,dear,moresedate”,“Gentlemendonotlikeforwardgirls”,“Youngmissesshouldcas’downdeyeyesan’say,Well,suh,Ahmout’an’‘Jes’asyousay,suh.’”(MargaretMitchell,2008).Beforetheirmarriage,younggirlsshouldbetenderandlovelywithwell-educatedmanners;howeverassoonastheygetmarried,womenbecomebirds,restrainedinthehouseandbusywiththehouseholdaffairsallday.Theymanagetheirhusbands’housesandeducatetheirchildren,consumingtheirintelligencejustinvarioustrivia.Moremiserablearethewidows:
wearingtheblack,noflowers,nolace,nojewelry,nofreetalks,nosocialactivitiesandevennolaughter,juststayingathomeandmourningdaylong.Nowondertheauthorcallthisasbarbarousas“HinduSettee”(MargaretMitchell,2008).
Duetomen’srepressiononbothwomen’sbodiesandtheirspiritandwomen’sacquiescencetowardstheirattachingstatus,thesouthernsocietybeforethewariscompletelymale-centeredandmale-dominated.
B.SocialinfluencesonMargaretMitchell’sfemalesense
Generallyspeaking,theauthor’sthinking,emotion,andvalueorientationarealwayskeenlyconnectedwithandinfluencedbysocialcurrents.ThesameistrueofMargaret’sfeminism.ThroughGonewiththeWind,theauthordepictsaseriesofoutstandingandtoughfemaleimages,displayingtheirenormouscontributiontotheSouth.Eitheritslanguageorthecharacters’behaviorsarepermeatedwithMargaret’sintensivefemaleconsciousness,whichactuallykeepsupwiththetimes.
1.Awakeningofwomen’sconsciousnessandpushingofanti-slaverymovement
Intheriseofanti-slaverymovementduringthe19thcenturyAmerica,womenarealsoanactivepart.Inthismovement,womengothroughfireandwateraswithmenyetreceivenorespectorattentionfromthem.Atthattime,theiractionsarehardtowinmen’sunderstandingletalonetheirsupport.In1840,whenfeministicfoundersElizabethCadyStantonandLucretianMo