英语课程标准.docx

英语课程标准.docx

《英语课程标准.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语课程标准.docx（36页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语课程标准

英语课程标准英文版

NewEnglishCurriculumforChinesePrimarySchoolsandJunior/SeniorMiddleSchools

ExperimentalVersiondraftedbytheEducationMinistryofthePRC

Noteonthistranslation

ThisEnglishversionofChina’snewcurriculumforEnglishisintendedforVSOvolunteerswhowouldliketofeelbetterinformedaboutadocumentthatiscentraltoourwork.However,itshouldinnowayberegardedasanofficialtranslation.Infact,itisneitherawordforwordtranslationnorasummary.Theappendixtotheoriginal,whichincludeslistsofspecificlanguageitemstobemastered,hasbeenomitted,ashavesomeleveldescriptorsandsamplelearningactivities.Despitetryingtomakeitmorereadable,thisversionreflectstherepetitivenatureoftheoriginal,withthesamekeywordscroppingupoverandoveragain.Volunteersshouldalsorefertothemoreofficial（butstillnotcompletelyofficial!

）translationofthenewEnglishcurriculumspecificallyforseniormiddleschoolsavailablefromtheProgrammeOffice.Anyfeedbackonthisversionwouldbewelcome.

TimMartin

ShaanxiInstituteofEducation,October2005   

Part1:

Introduction

Withtheadventoftheinformationageandtheglobaleconomy,Englishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Englishisthedominantcarrierofinformationandthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.ManycountrieshavemadeEnglishacornerstoneofqualityeducationwhendevelopingstrategiesforbasiceducation.

SinceChina’sreformandopening,thescaleofitsEnglisheducationhascontinuallygrown,attendedbysignificantachievementsinteachingandlearning.However,Englisheducationinitscurrentformisfailingtomeettheneedsofcontemporarysocialandeconomicdevelopment.

ThecurrentroundofreformstotheEnglishcurriculumaimtoendthefollowingpractices:

l    Over-emphasizingthetransmissionandexplanationofknowledgeaboutgrammarandvocabulary

l    Neglectingtodevelopstudents’abilitytouselanguageforreal

Intheirplace,thereformsaimtoestablishacurriculumthat:

l    Developsstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence

l    Motivatesstudents,isrelevanttotheirlifeexperiencesandcognitivelevel

l    Promotestask-basedteachingmethods

l    Involvesstudentsinexperiential,practical,participatoryandcooperativelearning

l    Developsstudents’positiveattitudes,thinkingskills,practicalabilities,culturalawarenessandautonomythroughthelanguagelearningprocess

1.    TheNatureoftheNewCurriculum

ThenewEnglishcurriculumstrivestoaccomplishfarmorethanjusthelpstudentslearnEnglish.AtonelevellearningEnglishshouldinvolvehelpingstudentst

l    Developacertainlevelofcomprehensivelanguagecompetenceandtheabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication

l    Mastercertainbasiclanguageknowledge

l    Masterlistening,speaking,readingandwritingskills

However,atanotherlevelthecurriculumshouldalsoservestudents’all-rounddevelopment,providingthemwithopportunitiest

l    StrengthentheirinterestinstudyingEnglish

l    Growinself-discipline,perseveranceandself-confidence

l    Improvetheircooperative,investigativeandthinkingabilities

l    Developtheirmemory,imaginationandcreativity 

l    Adoptgoodstudyhabitsandeffectivelearningstrategies

l    Developasautonomousandlifelonglearners

l    Buildmoralintegrityandahealthyoutlookonlife

l    Establishbothnationalspiritandanawarenessofandrespectforculturaldifferences

l    Broadentheirhorizonsandenrichtheirlifeexperience

l    Takepartinculturallife

l    Developasindividuals

2.    BasicPrinciplesoftheNewCurriculum

2.1Thecurriculumpromotesqualityeducation（asopposedtoexam-orientatededucation）andtheall-rounddevelopmentofthestudents

Topromotequalityeducationparticularattentionmustbepaidt

l    Valuingeachstudent’sfeelings

l    Stimulatingstudents’interestinstudyingEnglish

l    Helpingstudentsgainasenseofachievementandself-confidence

Thecurriculummustgobeyonddevelopingstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetencetoincludeareassuchas:

l    Improvingstudents’abilitytocontributetoculturalandsociallife

l    Developingstudents’practicalabilities

l    Fosteringstudents’creativity

2.2Thecurriculumobjectivesareholisticandflexible.

ThefundamentalaimofthenewEnglishcurriculumistodevelopstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thisaimisbrokendownintofivegeneralobjectives.Theseobjectivesarethendividedintonineabilitylevelswithdescriptorsprovidedforeachlevel.Thefivegeneralobjectivesare:

1.      LanguageSkills

2.      LanguageKnowledge

3.      AttitudestoLearning

4.      LearningStrategies

5.      CulturalAwareness

Thisdesignallowsstudentstoprogresssystematicallythrougheachlevelwhilstmeetingthefullrangeofthecurriculum’sdemands.

2.3Studentsareputatthecentreofthecurriculumandindividualdifferencesarerespected

Students’mustbeattheheartofthenewcurriculum.Forexample,theirdevelopmentalneedsmustbethecentralconsiderationwhendeveloping:

l    Curriculumobjectives

l    Theteachingandlearningprocess

l    Theassessmentprocess

l    Teachingandlearningresources

Whenimplementingthecurriculumeachstudentmustbeallowedtodevelopindividuallyundertheguidanceoftheteacher:

2.4Thecurriculumpromotesactivity-basedmethods,experientialandparticipatorylearning

Thecurriculumpromotestask-basedlearningwhereby,undertheguidanceoftheteacher,thestudentsgainasenseofachievementbyreachingthegoalsofthetask.Taskcompletionwillinvolvethefollowingtypesoflearning:

l    Sensory

l    Experiential

l    ‘Handson’/practical

l    Participatory

l    Cooperative

Inordertoimprovetheirabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication,studentsshouldalsobeablet

l    Adjusttheirlearningstrategiesandcontroltheiremotions

l    Formpositiveattitudestowardslearning

2.5Thecurriculumrecognizestheimportantroleofformativeassessmentinpromotingstudent’development

Theassessmentsystemshouldcombineformativewithsummativeassessment.Thepurposesofassessmentshouldbet

l    Promotestudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence

l    Encourageandmotivatestudents

l    Helpstudentsbecomemoreautonomouslearners

l    Benefitstudents’healthypersonaldevelopment

l    Giveteachersusefulfeedbackfromwhichtodevelopteachingandlearning

l    InformtheongoingdevelopmentandperfectionoftheEnglishcurriculum

FormativeassessmentshouldbeanimportantpartoftheEnglishteachingandlearningprocesswithaparticularemphasison:

l    Encouragingstudents’activeparticipationinlearning

l    Improvingstudents’self-confidence

Summativeassessmentshouldfocuson:

l    Testingstudents’integratedlanguageskills

l    Testingstudents’abilitytouselanguage

2.6Thecurriculumexpandstherangeoflearningresourcesandopportunitiesavailable

Thecurriculumshouldstrivetouseanddevelopresourceswhosecontentis:

l    Realistic

l    Closetothestudents’lives

l    Contemporary

l    Healthy

l    Richandvaried

Activeuseshouldbemadeof:

l    Audiovisualmaterial

l    Printmedia

l    TheInternet

Studentsshouldbeencouragedtotakeresponsibilityforfinding,usinganddevelopinglearningresourcesthemselves.

3.    TheCurriculumDesign

Thecurriculumfollowstheinternationalpracticeofdividingthegeneralobjectivesintodifferentabilitylevels.Whendesigningtheseninelevelsconsiderationwasgiventothefollowing:

l    Thenatureoflanguagedevelopment

l    Thedifferentneedsofdifferentagegroups

l    Theneedsofdifferentethnicgroupsandareas

l    TheeconomicimbalancesthatexistinChina

Theaimistohavedesignedasystemthatisholisticandflexible.

Thecorrespondencebetweenthelevelsystemandthegradesystemisshowninthefollowingdiagram:

PrimarySchool

Worktowards:

Notes

Grade3

Level1

StudentsshouldstartstudyingEnglishinGrade3

Grade4

Level1

Grade5

Level2

Grade6

Level2

Therequiredstandardfortheendofprimaryschool

JuniorMiddleSchool

Worktowards:

Notes

Grade7（=Junior1）

Level3

Grade8（=Junior2）

Level4

Grade9（=Junior3）

Level5

Therequiredstandardfortheendofjuniormiddleschool

SeniorMiddleSchool

Worktowards:

Notes

Senior1

Level6

Senior2

Level7

Senior3

Level8

Therequiredstandardforseniormiddleschoolgraduation

Level9

Anextensionlevelforspecialistschoolsandablestudents

Diagram1:

TheLevelsandtheGrades

Part2:

IntroductiontoTheGeneralObjectives

Thefundamentalaimofthenewcurriculumistodevelopstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thiscomprehensivelanguagecompetenceisachievedthroughthefivegeneralobjectivesasshowninthefollowingdiagram:

Diagram3:

ComparisonoftheOldandNewCurriculums

l    Languageskillsandknowledgeformthebasisofcomprehensivelanguagecompetence

l    Thestudents’attitudestolearningstronglyinfluencetheirlearninganddevelopment

l    Successfullearningstrategiesimprovetheeffectivenessofstudents’learning

l    Culturalawarenessensuresstudentsuselanguageappropriately

Theoveralldescriptorsforcomprehensivelanguagecompetence（i.e.acombinationofallfivegeneralobjectives）forLevels1to9arepresentedbelow:

Level

Descriptors

1

StudentsarecuriousaboutEnglishandenjoylisteni