限定词的具体分类和用法详解.docx
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限定词的具体分类和用法详解
限定词(determiner)
限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、泛指、定量或不定量等限定作用的一类词。
一、英语限定词种类
1.定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词。
如:
the,a
2.名词属格。
女口:
myfriend's,Toms…
3.物主限定词。
如:
my,your…
4.指示限定词。
如:
this,that,these,those,such…
5.疑问限定词。
如:
what,whose,which…
6.关系限定词。
如:
which,whose…
7.不定限定词。
如:
some,any,each,every,either,neither,all
8.数词(基数词、序数词、倍数词、分数词)
9.量词。
如:
alotof,lotsof,agreat/gooddealof,
agreat/large/goodnumberof
二、限定词与三类名词的搭配关系限定词按它词汇意义可分为特指限定词、泛指限定词、定量限定词、不定量限定词四大类。
这四类限定词有的能与单数、复数可数名词搭配,也可与不可数名词搭配
1)能与三类名词搭配的限定词主要有
the;my,John's,theoldman's…;some,any,no,all,other,
such,what(ever),which(ever),whose
eg.thebookthebooksthemoney,
mybookmybooksmymoney
John'sbook---John'sbooksJohn'smoney
2)能与单数名词搭配的限定词。
如:
a(n),each,every,another,either,one,neither,manya,sucha(n)…
eg.eachworker,everystudent,eitherbook,anotherbook3)能与复数名词搭配的限定词。
如:
both,two,anothertwo(three),many,(a)few,several,these,those,a(great)numberof…如:
twogirls,(a)fewwords,severalstudents
4)能与不可数名词搭配的限定词,如:
abitof,alargeamountof,agreatdealof,(a)little
much,less,(the)least…
abitofwater,alargeamountofmoney,muchnoise
5)能与单复数名词搭配的限定词。
如:
thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thenext,theother…
thefirstrose,thefirstroses,thelastman,thelastmen
thenextmeeting,thenextmeetings,manyaship,many
ships…
注意:
用了manya+单数可数名词作主语,尽管是复数意义,其后的动词还是要用单数形式。
6)能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词。
如(the)least,this,
that…
theleastknowledge,this/thatwork,this/thatjob
7)能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词。
如:
alotof,lotsof,plentyof,enough,more,most,such,other
offood,
如:
alotofbooks,alotofmoney,lotsofchairs,lotssuchmen,suchbread…
1.Why
isthere__
traffic
on
the
streetsinFebruary
than
in
May?
A.
lessB.
fewer
C.
few
D.little
2.
On
account
ofthe
typhoon
shipmentwill
arrive
thisweek.
A.
neither
B.all
C.
both
D.these
3.
Theypaid___
money
for
the
machinethanI
Ex:
下面的练习,要求注意限定词与三类名词的搭配关系
O
expected.
A.little
B.
less
C.much
D.fewer
4.Therearetrees
on__
side
ofthe
street.
A.sucha
B.both
C.some
D.each
5.Haveyougot___copiesA.theotherB.
much
6.Isaw___carsoutsidethe
A.alittleB.any
7.There'swaterinthe
A.fewB.anumber
8.I'dlikepaper.
togo
round?
enough
C.a
littleD.
building
-
C.lots
ofD.
neither
bottle.
of
C.plenty
ofD.any
9.Thereare___mistakesinthepaper.
A.theB.alittleC.muchD.afew
rooms
in
theroom.
A.plentyofB.anyC.bothD.most
12.There
is_
__iron
in
thisminethan
inthat
one.
lot
A.of
much
B.
agreatdeal
of
C.less
D.a
work
has
to
be
donebefore
the
plant
goes
into
operation.
A.
Much
B.Double
C.
A
number
of
D.
Neither
14.He
wrote___
essayson
Victorian
novels
in
his
class.
A.
the
nextB.the
most
C.
theother
D.
the
more
15.Themodelworkerhad___thoughtofhisowninterests.
A.thelastB.lessC.theleastD.another
work.
C.another
D.manya
18.Wehad___rainfallslastsummer.
A.toomuchB.littleC.alittleD.onlyseveral
19.carewouldhavepreventedtheaccident.
A.MuchB.LittleC.AlittleD.Afew
20.Thestudentsspenttheirtimeworkinginthe
fields.
A.bothB.mostC.moreD.half
三、限定词与限定词之间的先后顺序关系
在名词词组中心词之前如果有两个或两个以上限定词出现时,就会
产生限定词的先后顺序问题。
按其不同的搭配位置,限定词可分为
前位限定词:
all,both,half;double,twice,threetimes;one-third,
twofifths;what,such(a/an)•…
中位限定词:
(1)定冠词和不定冠词;
(2)物主限定词(my,your…(3)指示限定词(this,that,these,those);(4)'s属格名词;(5)不定数量
词(如some,enough,no,any,every,each,either,neither);(6)疑问限定词what,which,whose;(7)关系限定词which,whose;(8)带ever的wh-词,如whatever,whichever,whoever。
后位限定词
(1):
(1)基数词;
(2)序数词和一般序数词next,last,(an)other,additional,further;
(3)封闭数量词(a)few,fewer,several,most,more,many,much,(a)little,less,least;
后位限定词
(2):
plentyof,abitof,alotof,lotsof,agreat
deal/quantity/amount/numberof…
如果一个名词词组带有上述三类限定词,其搭配关系总是
按照“前位—中位—后位”的顺序排列。
如:
all
the
four
teachers
前
中
后
all
your
three
books
前
中
后
all
these
last
fewdays
前
中
后
后
如果只有上述两类限定词,其搭配关系仍按照上述顺序
halfhislecture
前
中
those
last
fewmonths
中
后
后
allother
students
前后
such
amisfortune
前
中
somesuch
alloy
中
后
such既属于前位限定词,又可归纳后位限定词。
在sucha…和suchan…搭配中属于前位限定词,而在与其他限定词some,any,no,all,one,many等搭配时,such则是后位限定词。
由上述例子可以看出,中位限定词之间和前位限定词之间是互相排斥的,即一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词。
所以“我的那本书”不是“mythatbook”而是thatbookofmine,因为my和that同是中位限定词,不可同时并列。
但后位限定词的使用却不受此限制。
如:
manymorecopies,threeothergirls,hislasttwobooks,thefirsttwochapters等都是后位限定词重叠使用的实例
determinersto
fillineachblack:
Theadditionalworkwilltakeweeks.
A.the
other
B.another
five
C.otherfive
D.
themore
Hedidit
in___time
ittook
me.
A.the
one-third
B.half
a
C.thedouble
D.
one-thirdthe
Isaw___boys
atthe
cinema.
A.thebothB.manyaC.boththeD.theseveral___candidatesaregirls.
A.HalftheB.ThehalfC.TheirhalfD.Halfa
5.Hewasonleave___days.
A.thefewlastB.fewanotherC.fewotherD.thelastfew
6.___friendsusuallyspeakhighlyofhim.
A.His
some
B.His
many
C.Many
hisD.Some
his
7.Please
serve
me_
soup.
A.
more
some
B.the
less
C.morethe
D.
somemore
8.alloymanybeusedtoreplacecopper.
A.SuchaB.SomesuchC.SuchsomeD.Severalsuch
9.Pleasesend__samplestoLondonbyair.
A.theseenoughB.fivethese
C.enoughtheseD.thesefive
10.Areyougoingtobuy___rice?
A.alltheseB.theseallC.allthisD.boththese
11.Theywantatleast___salaries.
A.their
double
B.doubletheir
C.enoughtheir
D.theirenough
___dictionary
isenoughforme.
A.Such
oneB.
OnesuchC.SuchaoneD.One
sucha
13.___factors
should
beconsidered.
A.TheseallB.SuchallC.AllsuchD.Some
these
14._
__evenings
hedid
enjoy
himselfimmensely.
A.The
firstfew
B.The
fewfirst
C.The
firstsome
D.Somethefirst
15._
__meat
istainted.
A.Thatone-thirdB.One-thirdthat
these
20.He
hasbeen
staying
athome
___days.
A.
theseall
last
few
B.these
lastfew
all
C.
allthese
last
few
D.these
lastall
few
16.___caseshavebeenreported.
A.SuchfewB.SuchsomeC.FewsuchD.Some
these
不定代词
不定代词及其基本用法
1.all,each,both,either,neither,some,any,one,(a)little,(a)
few,many,much,other(s),another,主语,宾语,表语,定语(既可
用作名词,也可用作形容词)
2.everyone,everybody,everything;somebody,someone,something;
anyone,anybody,anything;nobody,nothing,noone
主语,宾语,表语,可以后跟else,而且可用作所有格(-'s形式)
3.none主语、宾语,表语
4.every,no(这两个只是形容词)定语
不定限定词与各类名词的搭配
all,each,both,either,neither,some,any,one,(a)little,(a)few,many,much,other(s),another,
1.只与复数可敉名词搭配的不定限定词both,many,(a)few
2.只与不可敉名词搭配的不定限定词much,(a)little
3.只与单数可敉名词搭配的不定限定词each(every,one),either,neither,manya,
4.既可与复数可敉名词,又可与不可敉名词搭配的不定限定词all,
some,any,many,other,another,
不定限定词的具体用法
some和any既可用作限定词,也可用作不定代词,起名词词组的作用但no只能用作限定词,不能单独使用。
1)some
a.some主要用于肯定句。
但当说话人期待肯定回答时,some也能用于疑问句。
Aretheresomelettersforme?
I'mexpectingsome.
b.当购物时向售货员提问或主人询问客人表示款待时,也可
在疑问句中用some。
CouldIhavesomelettersforme
Wouldyoulikesomechocolatecake?
c.当some与单数可数名词连用时,相当于acertain某
(一)个”的意思。
Someboyhasbrokenawindow
d.当some修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词,表“几个”,“一些”的意思。
如
somequestions,somechildren,
somewater,someink
2)any
a.any主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件句、if或whether引导的宾
语从句,或用于带有半否定词或具有否定含义的动词、形容词或介
词的句子。
如:
1.Are
they
any
stampsin
thedrawer?
2.You
haven
't
anywork
todo
3.He
never
had
anyluck
4.Letmeknowifyouhearanynews
5.Ifyouhaveanynews,callmeuprightaway.
b.any也用于肯定句,意味“任何”。
通常重读,修饰单数可
可数名词和不可数名词。
如:
1.Comeanydayyoulike.
2.Anytimeyouwantme,justsendforme.
c.any+复数可数名词/不可数名词,表“一些”
anybooks,anywater
d.any+单数可数名词,表示“every”的含义
Anychildcouldanswerthatquestion.
3)no
no可修饰单复数可数名词和不可数名词。
用法如下:
a)用于there
is(are),have(has),have(has)got之后,
等于notany
1.Thereare
noletters
for
you
today.
2.Hehasno
books
I'v
got
nohome.
b)用于连系动词之后,等于nota,但语气很强.
1.Thegirlwasnobeauty.
2.Heisnofriendofmine.
c)用于其他动词之后
1.Itooknopartinthesenegotiations.
2.HecouldexpectnosympathyfromJoan.
d)用于修饰其他句子成分
1.Noboyatschoolhadeverseenthesea.
2.I'minnomoodforjokes.
e)用于警告、命令等标识
Nosmoking!
f)用于表示程度,notany,用作状语,修饰形容词原级、
比较级和副词比较级
1.Butthisisno
unimportant
question,mydearJohn
2.Shewasno
older
than
LiPing.
g)用于固定习语
1.Menareno
longer
at
themercyofnature.
2.There'sno
such
thing
asghosts.
not与no的区别:
a)not可用于否定动词,no则没有这种功能。
b)no是具有形容词性质的不定代词,只能与名词或相当于名词的词连用,如notime,notelephone,Nospitting!
c)no等于notany,因此不能用于a,the,all,both,
every等词之前;在这些词之前必修用not,如notachance,nottheleast,notallofus,noteveryone,notenough。
d)no也不与姓名、副词、介词等连用。
但not可与这些词
连用,如me,notGeorge;notwisely;notonSundays.
e)some,any,no以及它们的合成词。
这些复合词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
something(-body,-one,-where)
anything(-body,-one,-where)
nothing(-body,-where),后者不是限定词
all,both,none,noone,neither,either,every,each
1)all“全体”的意思。
Both:
俩
1.Allstudentswenttotheclassroom.
2.Bothhisparentsareteachers.
2)none
如果要表示“全体都不”的意思,就用