限定词的具体分类和用法详解.docx

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限定词的具体分类和用法详解.docx

限定词的具体分类和用法详解

限定词(determiner)

限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、泛指、定量或不定量等限定作用的一类词。

一、英语限定词种类

1.定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词。

如:

the,a

2.名词属格。

女口:

myfriend's,Toms…

3.物主限定词。

如:

my,your…

4.指示限定词。

如:

this,that,these,those,such…

5.疑问限定词。

如:

what,whose,which…

6.关系限定词。

如:

which,whose…

7.不定限定词。

如:

some,any,each,every,either,neither,all

8.数词(基数词、序数词、倍数词、分数词)

9.量词。

如:

alotof,lotsof,agreat/gooddealof,

agreat/large/goodnumberof

二、限定词与三类名词的搭配关系限定词按它词汇意义可分为特指限定词、泛指限定词、定量限定词、不定量限定词四大类。

这四类限定词有的能与单数、复数可数名词搭配,也可与不可数名词搭配

1)能与三类名词搭配的限定词主要有

the;my,John's,theoldman's…;some,any,no,all,other,

such,what(ever),which(ever),whose

eg.thebookthebooksthemoney,

mybookmybooksmymoney

John'sbook---John'sbooksJohn'smoney

2)能与单数名词搭配的限定词。

如:

a(n),each,every,another,either,one,neither,manya,sucha(n)…

eg.eachworker,everystudent,eitherbook,anotherbook3)能与复数名词搭配的限定词。

如:

both,two,anothertwo(three),many,(a)few,several,these,those,a(great)numberof…如:

twogirls,(a)fewwords,severalstudents

4)能与不可数名词搭配的限定词,如:

abitof,alargeamountof,agreatdealof,(a)little

much,less,(the)least…

abitofwater,alargeamountofmoney,muchnoise

5)能与单复数名词搭配的限定词。

如:

thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thenext,theother…

thefirstrose,thefirstroses,thelastman,thelastmen

thenextmeeting,thenextmeetings,manyaship,many

ships…

注意:

用了manya+单数可数名词作主语,尽管是复数意义,其后的动词还是要用单数形式。

6)能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词。

如(the)least,this,

that…

theleastknowledge,this/thatwork,this/thatjob

7)能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词。

如:

alotof,lotsof,plentyof,enough,more,most,such,other

offood,

如:

alotofbooks,alotofmoney,lotsofchairs,lotssuchmen,suchbread…

1.Why

isthere__

traffic

on

the

streetsinFebruary

than

in

May?

A.

lessB.

fewer

C.

few

D.little

2.

On

account

ofthe

typhoon

shipmentwill

arrive

thisweek.

A.

neither

B.all

C.

both

D.these

3.

Theypaid___

money

for

the

machinethanI

Ex:

下面的练习,要求注意限定词与三类名词的搭配关系

O

expected.

A.little

B.

less

C.much

D.fewer

4.Therearetrees

on__

side

ofthe

street.

A.sucha

B.both

C.some

D.each

5.Haveyougot___copiesA.theotherB.

much

6.Isaw___carsoutsidethe

A.alittleB.any

7.There'swaterinthe

A.fewB.anumber

8.I'dlikepaper.

togo

round?

enough

C.a

littleD.

building

-

C.lots

ofD.

neither

bottle.

of

C.plenty

ofD.any

9.Thereare___mistakesinthepaper.

A.theB.alittleC.muchD.afew

rooms

in

theroom.

A.plentyofB.anyC.bothD.most

12.There

is_

__iron

in

thisminethan

inthat

one.

lot

A.of

much

B.

agreatdeal

of

C.less

D.a

work

has

to

be

donebefore

the

plant

goes

into

operation.

A.

Much

B.Double

C.

A

number

of

D.

Neither

14.He

wrote___

essayson

Victorian

novels

in

his

class.

A.

the

nextB.the

most

C.

theother

D.

the

more

15.Themodelworkerhad___thoughtofhisowninterests.

A.thelastB.lessC.theleastD.another

work.

C.another

D.manya

18.Wehad___rainfallslastsummer.

A.toomuchB.littleC.alittleD.onlyseveral

19.carewouldhavepreventedtheaccident.

A.MuchB.LittleC.AlittleD.Afew

20.Thestudentsspenttheirtimeworkinginthe

fields.

A.bothB.mostC.moreD.half

三、限定词与限定词之间的先后顺序关系

在名词词组中心词之前如果有两个或两个以上限定词出现时,就会

产生限定词的先后顺序问题。

按其不同的搭配位置,限定词可分为

前位限定词:

all,both,half;double,twice,threetimes;one-third,

twofifths;what,such(a/an)•…

中位限定词:

(1)定冠词和不定冠词;

(2)物主限定词(my,your…(3)指示限定词(this,that,these,those);(4)'s属格名词;(5)不定数量

词(如some,enough,no,any,every,each,either,neither);(6)疑问限定词what,which,whose;(7)关系限定词which,whose;(8)带ever的wh-词,如whatever,whichever,whoever。

后位限定词

(1):

(1)基数词;

(2)序数词和一般序数词next,last,(an)other,additional,further;

(3)封闭数量词(a)few,fewer,several,most,more,many,much,(a)little,less,least;

后位限定词

(2):

plentyof,abitof,alotof,lotsof,agreat

deal/quantity/amount/numberof…

如果一个名词词组带有上述三类限定词,其搭配关系总是

按照“前位—中位—后位”的顺序排列。

如:

all

the

four

teachers

all

your

three

books

all

these

last

fewdays

如果只有上述两类限定词,其搭配关系仍按照上述顺序

halfhislecture

those

last

fewmonths

allother

students

前后

such

amisfortune

somesuch

alloy

such既属于前位限定词,又可归纳后位限定词。

在sucha…和suchan…搭配中属于前位限定词,而在与其他限定词some,any,no,all,one,many等搭配时,such则是后位限定词。

由上述例子可以看出,中位限定词之间和前位限定词之间是互相排斥的,即一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词。

所以“我的那本书”不是“mythatbook”而是thatbookofmine,因为my和that同是中位限定词,不可同时并列。

但后位限定词的使用却不受此限制。

如:

manymorecopies,threeothergirls,hislasttwobooks,thefirsttwochapters等都是后位限定词重叠使用的实例

determinersto

fillineachblack:

Theadditionalworkwilltakeweeks.

A.the

other

B.another

five

C.otherfive

D.

themore

Hedidit

in___time

ittook

me.

A.the

one-third

B.half

a

C.thedouble

D.

one-thirdthe

Isaw___boys

atthe

cinema.

A.thebothB.manyaC.boththeD.theseveral___candidatesaregirls.

A.HalftheB.ThehalfC.TheirhalfD.Halfa

5.Hewasonleave___days.

A.thefewlastB.fewanotherC.fewotherD.thelastfew

6.___friendsusuallyspeakhighlyofhim.

A.His

some

B.His

many

C.Many

hisD.Some

his

7.Please

serve

me_

soup.

A.

more

some

B.the

less

C.morethe

D.

somemore

8.alloymanybeusedtoreplacecopper.

A.SuchaB.SomesuchC.SuchsomeD.Severalsuch

9.Pleasesend__samplestoLondonbyair.

A.theseenoughB.fivethese

C.enoughtheseD.thesefive

10.Areyougoingtobuy___rice?

A.alltheseB.theseallC.allthisD.boththese

11.Theywantatleast___salaries.

A.their

double

B.doubletheir

C.enoughtheir

D.theirenough

___dictionary

isenoughforme.

A.Such

oneB.

OnesuchC.SuchaoneD.One

sucha

13.___factors

should

beconsidered.

A.TheseallB.SuchallC.AllsuchD.Some

 

these

14._

__evenings

hedid

enjoy

himselfimmensely.

A.The

firstfew

B.The

fewfirst

C.The

firstsome

D.Somethefirst

15._

__meat

istainted.

A.Thatone-thirdB.One-thirdthat

these

20.He

hasbeen

staying

athome

___days.

A.

theseall

last

few

B.these

lastfew

all

C.

allthese

last

few

D.these

lastall

few

16.___caseshavebeenreported.

A.SuchfewB.SuchsomeC.FewsuchD.Some

these

不定代词

不定代词及其基本用法

1.all,each,both,either,neither,some,any,one,(a)little,(a)

few,many,much,other(s),another,主语,宾语,表语,定语(既可

用作名词,也可用作形容词)

2.everyone,everybody,everything;somebody,someone,something;

anyone,anybody,anything;nobody,nothing,noone

主语,宾语,表语,可以后跟else,而且可用作所有格(-'s形式)

3.none主语、宾语,表语

4.every,no(这两个只是形容词)定语

不定限定词与各类名词的搭配

all,each,both,either,neither,some,any,one,(a)little,(a)few,many,much,other(s),another,

1.只与复数可敉名词搭配的不定限定词both,many,(a)few

2.只与不可敉名词搭配的不定限定词much,(a)little

3.只与单数可敉名词搭配的不定限定词each(every,one),either,neither,manya,

4.既可与复数可敉名词,又可与不可敉名词搭配的不定限定词all,

some,any,many,other,another,

不定限定词的具体用法

some和any既可用作限定词,也可用作不定代词,起名词词组的作用但no只能用作限定词,不能单独使用。

1)some

a.some主要用于肯定句。

但当说话人期待肯定回答时,some也能用于疑问句。

Aretheresomelettersforme?

I'mexpectingsome.

b.当购物时向售货员提问或主人询问客人表示款待时,也可

在疑问句中用some。

CouldIhavesomelettersforme

Wouldyoulikesomechocolatecake?

c.当some与单数可数名词连用时,相当于acertain某

(一)个”的意思。

Someboyhasbrokenawindow

d.当some修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词,表“几个”,“一些”的意思。

somequestions,somechildren,

somewater,someink

2)any

a.any主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件句、if或whether引导的宾

语从句,或用于带有半否定词或具有否定含义的动词、形容词或介

词的句子。

如:

1.Are

they

any

stampsin

thedrawer?

2.You

haven

't

anywork

todo

3.He

never

had

anyluck

4.Letmeknowifyouhearanynews

5.Ifyouhaveanynews,callmeuprightaway.

b.any也用于肯定句,意味“任何”。

通常重读,修饰单数可

可数名词和不可数名词。

如:

1.Comeanydayyoulike.

2.Anytimeyouwantme,justsendforme.

c.any+复数可数名词/不可数名词,表“一些”

anybooks,anywater

d.any+单数可数名词,表示“every”的含义

Anychildcouldanswerthatquestion.

3)no

no可修饰单复数可数名词和不可数名词。

用法如下:

a)用于there

is(are),have(has),have(has)got之后,

等于notany

1.Thereare

noletters

for

you

today.

2.Hehasno

books

I'v

got

nohome.

b)用于连系动词之后,等于nota,但语气很强.

1.Thegirlwasnobeauty.

2.Heisnofriendofmine.

c)用于其他动词之后

1.Itooknopartinthesenegotiations.

2.HecouldexpectnosympathyfromJoan.

d)用于修饰其他句子成分

1.Noboyatschoolhadeverseenthesea.

2.I'minnomoodforjokes.

e)用于警告、命令等标识

Nosmoking!

f)用于表示程度,notany,用作状语,修饰形容词原级、

比较级和副词比较级

1.Butthisisno

unimportant

question,mydearJohn

2.Shewasno

older

than

LiPing.

g)用于固定习语

1.Menareno

longer

at

themercyofnature.

2.There'sno

such

thing

asghosts.

not与no的区别:

a)not可用于否定动词,no则没有这种功能。

b)no是具有形容词性质的不定代词,只能与名词或相当于名词的词连用,如notime,notelephone,Nospitting!

c)no等于notany,因此不能用于a,the,all,both,

every等词之前;在这些词之前必修用not,如notachance,nottheleast,notallofus,noteveryone,notenough。

d)no也不与姓名、副词、介词等连用。

但not可与这些词

连用,如me,notGeorge;notwisely;notonSundays.

e)some,any,no以及它们的合成词。

这些复合词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

something(-body,-one,-where)

anything(-body,-one,-where)

nothing(-body,-where),后者不是限定词

all,both,none,noone,neither,either,every,each

1)all“全体”的意思。

Both:

1.Allstudentswenttotheclassroom.

2.Bothhisparentsareteachers.

2)none

如果要表示“全体都不”的意思,就用

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