自考资料工程应用英语.docx
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自考资料工程应用英语
工程应用英语
ProfessionalEnglishTestA
PartIVocabularyandStructure(20’)
1.Engineeringisaprofession,whichmeansthatanengineermusthaveaspecialized______education.
a.elementaryschoolb.highschoolc.middleschoold.university
2.Computerprogrammingisnowincludedinalmostallengineering______.
a.coursesb.curriculac.lessonsd.areas
3.Currenttrendistorequirestudentstotakecoursesinthe______scienceandthelanguagearts.
a.computerb.chemicalc.sociald.biology
4.Active______forengineersoftenbeginsbeforethestudent’slastyearintheuniversity.
a.employb.recruitingc.hired.firing
5.Indeed,thecivilengineer’schoiceis______andvaried.
a.smallb.finec.larged.tiny
6.Computerscan’tsolvecomplicatedproblemsunlesstheyaregiven______.
a.agoodair-conditionb.ayoungcivilengineer
c.agoodcomputerengineerd.agoodprogram
7.Constructioncanbevery_____.
a.dangerousb.safec.easyd.secure
8.Civilengineeringprojectsarealmostalways______.
a.distinctiveb.thesimilarc.aliked.thesame
9.Thrustisthepressureexertedbyeachpartofastructureon______.
a.itsotherpartb.itselfc.thewalld.theground
10.Theweightofallthepeople,cars,furniture,andmachinesandsoonthatthestructurewillsupportwhenitisinuseis______.
a.deadloadb.liveloadc.impactd.safetyfactor
11.Intension,thematerialis______.
a.pressedb.pulledapartc.pushedd.compressed
12.______forceactsupanddown.
a.verticalb.horizontalc.rotatingmotiond.turningmotion
13.Both______,thetwomostimportantconstructionmaterialsofmoderntimes,wereintroducedinthenineteenthcentury.
a.steelandcementb.woodandbrick
c.stoneandtiled.ashandplastic
14.Thetransitisusedtomeasureanglesinbothverticalandhorizontalplanes,andtheleveltomeasure______.
a.distancesb.centralanglesc.elevationdifferenced.length
15.Electronicdistancemeasuring(EDM)notonlycanmeasurethedistancebetweenobjectsbutalsodetermine______.
a.thedirectionb.thesizec.thefrequencyd.thewidth
16.Prestressedconcreteisan______formofreinforcement.
a.originalb.improvedc.samed.low
17.Asimplecontractconsistsofanagreemententeredintoby_______.
a.engineersb.oneparty
c.companyd.twoormoreparties
18.______changewouldresultindifferentialsettlementorswellbetweenadjacentareas.
a.weightb.volumec.aread.no
19.Therearetwobasicproceduresforcontrollingtheembankmentdensity:
‘mannerandmethod’and‘______’.
a.resultb.combinationc.layerthicknessd.moisturecontrol
20.Amainsourceofaccidents,theproblemof______drivingisthemostseriousofall.
a.drinkb.drinkingc.drunkend.drank
PartIIFillingBlanks(10’)
21.Engineersoftenworkas________________toarchitecturalorconstructionfirms.
22.Youngengineersmaychoosetogointo_______________orsanitaryengineering.
23.Whenplanningastructure,anengineermusttakeintoaccountfourfactors:
deadload,_____________,impactandsafetyfactor.
24.Onepartytothecontractis__________forbreachofcontractifhefailstoperformhispartoftheagreement.
25.___________thesiteprecedesallgradingandmostotherconstructionoperations.
26.Looserockincludesmaterialssuchas_______________________rock,orearthmixedwithboulders.
27.Noattemptwasmadetocontrol___________contentortosecurecompaction.
28.The____________ofwindshieldwipers,freshairventilatingsystems,hadresultingreatervehiclesafety.
29.Thesafeperformanceofthebrakesystemhasbeenensuredbytheuseof_____________brakefluid.
30.Relocationandreductioninheightofthebrake___________hasmeantthatthedriver’stotalreactiontimehasbeenreduced.
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40’)
PassageOne
Researchisoneofthemostimportantaspectsofscientificandengineeringpractice.Aresearcherusuallyworksasamemberofateamwithotherscientistsandengineers.Heorsheisoftenemployedinalaboratorythatisfinancedbygovernmentorindustry.Areasofresearchconnectedwithcivilengineeringincludesoilmechanicsandsoilstabilizationtechniques,andalsothedevelopmentandthetestingofnewstructuralmaterials.
31.Researchisoneof______aspectsofscientificandengineeringpractice.
a.themostuseless
b.themostimportant
c.themostunnecessary
32.Aresearcherisoftenemployed______.
a.onafarm
b.inalibrary
c.inalaboratory
33.Aresearcherusuallyworksasamemberofateamwith______.
a.farmersandscientists
b.engineersandfarmers
c.scientistsandengineers
34.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
a.Civilengineeringresearchdoesn’tincludeonlysoilmechanicsandsoilstabilization,butalsothedevelopmentofnewstructuralmaterials
b.Civilengineeringresearchdoesn’tincludesoilmechanicsandsoilstabilization
c.Civilengineeringresearchdoesn’tincludethedevelopmentofnewstructuralmaterials
PassageTwo
Thecurrenttendencyistodeveloplightermaterials.Aluminum,forexample,weighsmuchlessthansteelbuthasmanyofthesameproperties.Aluminumbeamshavealreadybeenusedforbridgeconstructionandfortheframeworkofafewbuildings.
Attemptsarealsobeingmadetoproduceconcretewithmorestrengthanddurability,andwithalighterweight.Onesystemthathelpscutconcreteweighttosomeextentusespolymers,whicharelongchainlikecompoundsusedinplastics,aspartofthemixture.
35.Thecurrenttrendofstructuralmaterialsis_______.
a.todevelopheaviermaterials
b.todeveloplightermaterials
c.todeveloplessmaterials
36.Aluminumweighs_______.
a.muchlessthansteel
b.thesameassteel
c.muchheavierthansteel
37.Aluminumhas_______.
a.nopropertiesofsteel
b.fewpropertiesofsteel
c.manyofthesamepropertiesofsteel
38.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
a.Aluminumbeamscan’tbeusedforbridgeconstruction
b.Aluminumbeamscanbeusedfornotonlybridgeconstructionbutalsotheframeworkofafewbuildings
c.Aluminumbeamscan’tbeusedfortheframeworkofafewbuildings
PassageThree
Steelandconcretealsocomplementeachotherinanotherway:
theyhavealmostthesamerateofcontractionandexpansion.Theythereforecanworktogetherinsituationswherebothcompressionandtensionarefactors.Steelrodsareembeddedinconcretetomakereinforcedconcreteinconcretebeamsorstructureswheretensionwilldevelop.Concreteandsteelalsoformsuchastrongbonds—theforcethatunitesthem—thatthesteelcannotslipwithintheconcrete.Stillanotheradvantageisthatsteeldoesnotrustinconcrete.Acidcorrodessteel,whereasconcretehasanalkalinechemicalreaction,theoppositeofacid.
39.Steelandconcretehave______.
a.differentrateofcontraction
b.differentrateofexpansion
c.almostthesamerateofcontractionandexpansion
40.Reinforcedconcreteis______.
a.steelrodswhichareembeddedinconcretebeams
b.concretewhichisembeddedinsteelrods
c.steelrodswhichreactwithconcrete
41.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
a.steelcanrustinconcrete
b.concretecancorrodesteel
c.steeldoesnotrustinconcrete
42.Concretehas______.
a.somekindofchemicalthatcorrodessteel
b.analkalinechemicalreaction,theoppositeofacid
c.somekindofacid
PassageFour
Theemployerorpromoterofcivilengineeringworksnormallydeterminestheconditionsofcontract,whichdefinetheobligationsandperformancesbysomeformofcompetitivetenderingandanycontractorwhosubmitsasuccessfultenderandsubsequentlyentersintoacontractisdeemedinlawtohavevoluntarilyacceptedtheconditionsofcontractadoptedbythepromoter.
Theobligationsthatacontractoracceptswhenhesubmitsatenderaredeterminedbytheformoftheinvitationtotender.Inmostcasesthetendermaybewithdrawnatanytimeuntilithasbeenacceptedandmay,eventhen,bewithdrawniftheacceptanceisstatedbythepromotertobe‘subjecttoformalcontract’asisoftenthecase.
43.Theconditionsofcontractarenormallydeterminedby______.
a.thegovernmentofficial
b.thecontractor
c.thepromoter
44.Thisconditionsdefinetheobligationsandperformancestowhich______willbesubject.
a.theemployer
b.theofficial
c.thecontractor
45.Theobligationsthat______acceptswhenhesubmitsatenderaredeterminedbytheformoftheinvitationtothetender.
a.theemployer
b.theauditor
c.thecontractor
46.inmostcasesthetendermaybewithdrawnatanytimeuntil______.
a.thepromoterhasenoughmoney
b.ithasbeenaccepted
c.thetenderapprovedbythegovernment
PassageFive
Materialsareusuallydescribedas‘rock’,‘looserock’,or‘common’,with‘common’signifyingallmaterialnototherwiseclassified.Rock,sometimescalled‘solidrock’,nearlyalwaysmustbedrilledandblasted,thenloadedwithafront-endloaderorpowershovelintotrucksorotherhaulingunits.Blastedrockmaybemovedordriftedforshortdistancesbymeansofabulldozer,whichis,ineffect,ahugetractor-mountedblade.Looserockoftenisdugwithloadersorshovelswithoutanypreviousblasting.
47.Accordingtothepassage,whichmaterialsignifyingallmaterialnototherwiseclassified.
a.looserock
b.common
c.rock
48.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
a.rock,issometimescalled‘solidrock’
b.rock,issometimescalled‘looserock’
c.rock,isusuallycalled‘hardrock
49.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?
a.looserocknearlyalwaysmustbedrilledandblasted
b.looser