山西省运城市夏县中学届高三上学期第一次月考英语试题.docx

山西省运城市夏县中学届高三上学期第一次月考英语试题.docx

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山西省运城市夏县中学届高三上学期第一次月考英语试题

山西省运城市夏县中学2018届高三上学期第一次月考英语试题

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一、阅读选择

WhenyougotoSt.Petersburg,thenumberofattractionscanseemlarge.Ifyouareshortoftime,orjustwanttomakesuretohitthehighlights,thesearethetopmust-seesightsinSt,Petersburg.

●TheHermitageMuseum

TheHermitageMuseumisoneofthemostimportantsightstoseeforanyvisitortoSt.Petersburg.TherearelotsofdifferentpaintingsbytheoldmastersintheHermitage.Preparetocomeface-to-facewithclassicWesternartists.

●KizhiIsland

KizhiIslandisanopen-airmuseumofwoodenarchitecturefromtheKareliaRegionofRussia.Theseimpressivestructuresaremadeentirelywithoutnails-thewoodfitstogetherwithjointsandgrooves（沟槽）.

●Peterhof

Peterhofisasbeautifulasitisfun.You’llbechargedforadmission,butgotoPetethofwhenthefountainsareworking-duringthedayinthesummer.Theyareshutoffinwinterevenings,

●TheChurchofOurSaviorontheSpiltBlood

Loveitorhaleit,theChurchofOurSaviorontheSpiltBloodinSt.Petersburgisanenthrallingmust-seesight.Thebeautifullookmaymakeyoureyesbrighten,andthepaintinginsidethechurchwillmakeyousay“Wow!

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●TheBronzeHorsemanStatue

Theso-calledBronzeHorsemanisapartofRussiancultureandasymbolofSt,Petersburg.MadefamousbyAlexanderPushkin,thisstatueofPetertheGreatsittingonhishorsecantrulyshowPetertheGreat’sinfluenceontheRussianideaofgreatness.

1．Ifyouareinterestedinpaintings,you'dbettergoto______

A．PeterhofaridKizhiIsland

B．theHernatageMuseumandPeterhof

C．KizhiIslandandtheChurchofOurSaviorontheSpiltBlood

D．thehermitageMuseumandtheChurchofOurSaviorontheSpiltBlood

2．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______

A．visitorscanvisitPeterhofforfree

B．thebuildingsofKizhiIslandaremadeofwood

C．thefountainsinPeterhofcanbeseenallyearround

D．thelargestcollectionofRussianartsisintheHermitageMuseum

3．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______

A．showthewonderfulhistoryofRussia

B．persuadeartiststostudySt.Petersburg

C．recommendthefamousbuildingsinRussia

D．introducethemust-seesightsinSt.Petersburg

Ourplanetishometoaboutsevenbillionpeople.Sincethe1990s,populationexpertshavepredictedthenumberwouldgrowtoninebillionbeforeitbeginstoslowdownandpossiblydecrease.

Butanewreportpredictstheworld’spopulationislikelytoincreasetoalmost11billionby2100.Basedonthemostmodemstatisticaltools,thenewreportmakesuseofgovernmentrecordsandconsidersexpertpredictions,includingdeathrates,birthratesandinternationalmigration,orpeoplemovingacrossborders.Thereportsaysduringtherestofthiscentury,Africa’spopulationwillgrowfromabout3.5billionto5.1billionoverthenext85years.

JohnisdirectoroftheUnitedNationsPopulationDivision.Hesaysthatinthepast,researchersthoughtpopulationgrowthinAfricawouldbesimilartothatofotherareas.Theyexpectedslowergrowthratesasbirthcontrolusebecamemorewidespread.Buthesaysthoseideaswerewrong.

“Thelevelofcontraceptionusehascontinuedtoincreasebutslowly—moreslowlythanexpected,andbirthratethereforehasbeenfallinglessrapidlythanexpected,andthepopulationthereforecontinuestogrowsomewhatmorerapidlythanweexpected.

ThenewfindingsarebasedonajointresearchprojectoftheUnitedNationsandtheUniversityofWashington,

TheresearchersbelievethepopulationofAsiawillreachfivebillionby2050.Thatisupfromthecurrent4.4billion.Andthenbegindecline.TheresearchersalsobelievethatNorthAmerica,Europe,LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanareawillhaveatotalpopulationofbelowonebillion.

Johnsaysthepressureoffeedingtherisingpopulationislikelytobelessthanthatmightbeexpected.

“Therelativelygoodnewsisthattheworldhasbeenwinningtheracebetweenpopulationgrowthandfoodproduction.Ifyoulookbackhistoricallyoverthelast50years,certainlyfortheworldasawholeandformany,mostindividualcountriesandregions,theincreaseinfoodproductionhasoutpacedtheincreaseofpopulation.”

4．Whichareawillexperiencethelargestincreaseinpopulationattheendofthecentury？

A．Asia.B．Africa.

C．Europe.D．NorthAmerica.

5．“Contraceptionuse”inthefourthparagraphrefersto________.

A．amethodofexpertpredictions

B．awayofavoidinggrowthinpopulation

C．ajointresearchintotherisingpopulation

D．apotentialtechnologyforfoodproduction

6．WhyisthepressureoffeedingtherisingpopulationlessthanexpectedaccordingtoJohn?

A．Expertpredictionsarenotexactlylikewhatthefactshappen.

B．Birthrateshavealwaysbeenfallinglessrapidlythanweexpected.

C．Thepopulationgrowslessrapidlythanpopulationexpertsexpected.

D．Theincreaseinfoodproductionhasoutpacedtheincreaseofpopulation,

7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A．Theworld’spopulationwillincreaseconstantly.

B．ThepopulationofAsiawillriseby5billionby2050.

C．Johnisoptimisticaboutfeedingtherisingpopulation,

D．PopulationgrowthinAfricawasmuchslowerthanexpected.

AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformation,arepeoplerememberless?

Ifyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformation,whystoreitinyourownpersonalmemory,yourbrain?

ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.

Inarecentstudy,ProfessorBetsySparrowconductedsomeexperiments.SheandherresearchteamwantedtoknowtheInternetischangingmemory.Inthefirstexperiment,theygavepeople40unimportantfactstotypeintoacomputer.Thefirstgroupofpeopleunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldsavetheinformation.Thesecondgroupunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldnotsaveit.Later,thesecondgrouprememberedtheinformationbetter.Peopleinthefirstgroupknewtheycouldfindtheinformationagain,sotheydidnottrytorememberit.

Inanotherexperiment,theresearchersgavepeoplefactstoremember,andtoldthemwheretofindtheinformationontheInternet.Theinformationwasinaspecificcomputerfolder（文件夹）.Surprisingly,peoplelaterrememberthefolderlocation（位置）betterthanthefacts.WhenpeopleusetheInternet,theydonotremembertheinformation.Rather,theyrememberhowtofindit.Thisiscalled“transactivememory（交互记忆）”

AccordingtoSparrow,wearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoormemoriesasaresultoftheInternet.Instead,computerusersaredevelopingstrongertransactivememories;thatis,peoplearelearninghowtoorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareabletoaccessitatalaterdate.Thisdoesn’tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligent,butthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging.

8．Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto________.

A．introducethemaintopicB．showtheauthor’sattitude

C．describehowtousetheInternetD．explainhowtostoreinformation

9．Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirstexperiment?

A．Sparrow’steamtypedtheinformationintoacomputer.

B．Thetwogroupsrememberedtheinformationequallywell.

C．Thefirstgroupdidnottrytoremembertheformation.

D．Thesecondgroupdidnotunderstandtheinformation.

10．Intransactivememory,people________.

A．keeptheinformationinmind

B．changethequantityofinformation

C．organizeinformationlikeacomputer

D．rememberhowtofindtheinformation

11．WhatistheeffectoftheInternetaccordingtoSparrow'sresearch?

A．Weareusingmemorydifferently.

B．Wearebecomingmoreintelligent.

C．Wehavepoorermemoriesthanbefore.

D．Weneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.

Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescommunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?

UBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmorecomplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarecompetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:

treessurvivethroughtheircooperationandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition“dependingonwhoneedsit”.

Nitrogen（氮）andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi（真菌）networks,makingsurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons（神经元）inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itaffectsall.Simardtalksabout“mothertrees”,usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexplainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“mothertrees”withnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplex“treesocieties”orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest“Wedidn’ttakeanynoticeofit.”Simardsayssadly.“Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance.”Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.

12．Theunderlinedsentence“theoppositeistrue”inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees________.

A．competeforsurvivalB．protecttheirownwealth

C．dependoneachotherD．providesupportfordyingtrees

13．“Mothertrees”areextremelyimportantbecausethey________.

A．lookthelargestinsizeintheforest

B．passonnutritiontoyoungtrees

C．seemmorelikelytobecutdownbyhumans

D．knowmoreaboutthecomplex“t