高英语上册5课.docx
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高英语上册5课
I'dRatherBeBlackthanFemale
BeingthefirstblackwomanelectedtoCongresshasmademesomekindofphenomenon.TherearenineotherblacksinCongress;therearetenotherwomen.Iwasthefirsttoovercomebothhandicapsatonce.Ofthetwohandicaps,beingblackismuchlessofadrawbackthanbeingfemale.
IfIsaidthatbeingblackisagreaterhandicapthanbeingawoman,probablynoonewouldquestionme.Why?
Because“weallknow”thereisprejudiceagainstblackpeopleinAmerica.Thatthereisprejudiceagainstwomenisanideathatstillstrikesnearlyallmen--and,Iamafraid,mostwomen--asbizarre.
PrejudiceagainstblackswasinvisibletomostwhiteAmericansformanyyears.Whenblacksfinallystartedto“mention”it,withsit-ins,boycotts,andfreedomrides,Americanswereincredulous.“Who,us?
”theyaskedininjuredtones.“We'reprejudiced?
”Itwasthestartofalong,painfulreeducationforwhiteAmerica.Itwilltakeyearsforwhites--includingthosewhothinkofthemselvesasliberals--todiscoverandeliminatetheracistattitudestheyallactuallyhave.
Howmuchharderwillitbetoeliminatetheprejudiceagainstwomen?
Iamsureitwillbealongerstruggle.PartoftheproblemisthatwomeninAmericaaremuchmorebrainwashedandcontentwiththeirrolesassecond-classcitizensthanblackseverwere.
Letmeexplain.Ihavebeenactiveinpoliticsformorethantwentyyears.Forallbutthelastsix,Ihavedonethework--allthetediousdetailsthatmakethedifferencebetweenvictoryanddefeatonElectionDay-whilemenreapedtherewards,whichisalmostinvariablythelotofwomeninpolitics.
Itisstillwomen-aboutthreemillionvolunteers--whodomostofthisworkintheAmericanpoliticalworld.Thebestanyofthemcanhopeforisthehonorofbeingdistrictorcountyvice-chairman,akindofseparate-but-equalpositionwithwhichawomanisrewardedforyearsoffaithfulenvelopestuffingandcard-partyorganizing.Insuchajob,shegetsanumberoffreetripstostateandsometimesnationalmeetingsandconventions,whereherroleissupposedtobetovotethewayhermalechairmanvotes.
WhenItriedtobreakoutofthatrolein1963andrunfortheNewYorkStateAssemblyseatfromBrooklyn'sBedford-Stuyvesant,theresistancewasbitter.Fromthestartofthatcampaign,Ifacedundisguisedhostilitybecauseofmysex.
Butitwasfouryearslater,whenIranforCongress,thatthequestionofmysexbecameamajorissue.Amongmembersofmyownparty,closedmeetingswereheldtodiscusswaysofstoppingme.
Myopponent,thefamouscivil-rightsleaderJamesFarmer,triedtoprojectablack,masculineimage;hetouredtheneighborhoodwithsoundtrucksfilledwithyoungmenwearingAfrohaircuts,dashikis,andbeards.Whilethetelevisioncrewsignoredme,theywerenotawareofaveryimportantstatistic,whichbothIandmycampaignmanager,WesleyMacD.Holder,knew.Inmydistrictthereare2.5womenforeverymanregisteredtovote.Andthosewomenareorganized--inPTAs,churchsocieties,cardclubs,andothersocialandservicegroupsIwenttothemandaskedtheirhelp.Mr.Farmerstilldoesn'tquiteknowwhathithim.
Whenabrightyoungwomangraduatestartslookingforajob,whyisthefirstquestionalways;“Canyoutype?
”Ahistoryofprejudiceliesbehindthatquestion.Whyarewomenthoughtofassecretaries,notadministrators?
Librariansandteachers,butnotdoctorsandlawyers?
Becausetheyarethoughtofasdifferentandinferior.Thehappyhomemakerandthecontenteddarkyarebothstereotypesproducedbyprejudice.
Womenhavenotevenreachedtheleveloftokenismthatblacksarereaching.NowomensitontheSupremeCourt.OnlytwohaveheldCabinetrank,andnonedoatpresent.Onlytwowomenholdambassadorialrank.Butwomenpredominateinthelower-paying,menial,unrewarding,dead-endjobs,andwhentheydoreachbetterpositions,theyareinvariablypaidlessthanamanforthesamejob.
Ifthatisnotprejudice,whatwouldyoucallit?
Afewyearsago,Iwastalkingwithapoliticalleaderaboutapromisingyoungwomanasacandidate.“Whyinvesttimeandefforttobuildthegirlup?
”heaskedme.“Youknowshe’llonlydropoutofthegametohaveacoupleofkidsjustaboutthetimewe’rereadytorunherformayor.”
Plentyofpeoplehavesaidsimilarthingsaboutme.Plentyofothershaveadvisedme,everytime,Itriedtotakeanotherupwardstep,thatIshouldgobacktoteaching,awoman’svocationandleavepoliticstothemen.Iloveteaching,andIamreadytogobacktoitassoonasIamconvincedthatthiscountrynolongerneedsawomen'scontribution.
Whentherearenochildrengoingtobedhungryinthisrichnation,Imaybereadytogobacktoteaching.Whenthereisagoodschoolforeverychild,Imaybeready.Whenwedonotspendourwealthonhardwaretomurderpeople,whenwenolongertolerateprejudiceagainstminorities,andwhenthelawsagainstunfairhousingandunfairemploymentpracticesareenforcedinsteadofevaded,thentheremaybenothingmoreformetodoinpolitics.
Butuntilthathappens--andweallknowitwillnotbethisyearornext--whatweneedismorewomeninpolitics,becausewehaveaveryspecialcontributiontomake.Ihopethattheexampleofmysuccesswillconvinceotherwomentogetintopolitics--andnotjusttostuffenvelopes,buttorunforoffice.
Itiswomenwhocanbringempathy,tolerance,insight,patience,andpersistencetogovernment--thequalitieswenaturallyhaveorhavehadtodevelopbecauseofoursuppressionbymen.Thewomenofanationmolditsmorals,itsreligion,anditspoliticsbythelivestheylive.Atpresent,ourcountryneedswomen’sidealismanddetermination,perhapsmoreinpoliticsthananywhereelse.
C.
1、Don’toverlookthejobofasecretary.Itmakesthedifferencebetweenfailureandsuccessforthecompany.
2、Thenewly-launchedsatelliteisexpectedtoobtaindataonsolarradiation,skybrightnessandotherimportantphenomena.
3、HowcanyoubecontentdosuchmenialtasksaswashingdisheshereintheStates?
4、Aprejudiceisajudgementformedbeforeexaminingtheevidence.
5、Wealllistentomusicaccordingtoourseparatecapacities.
6、Knowledgewillalwayspredominateoverignorance.
7、WhenthiscorporationenteredtheChinesemarket8yearsago,itaimedtooccupyalargermarketshareratherthantomakeprofitintheshortrun.
8、Ofalltheanimals,theapeisthoughtofasthemostforgivinganimal.
D.
1、Hisstoryofhavingdiscoveredthetreasureburiedbysomepiratesseemedincredibletoeveryone.
2、“Butthepianoisoutoftune,”shesaidinadisappointedtone.
3、Herfriendsexpressedgreatsympathytoherwhenhermotherdied.
4、Theyarenowenjoyingashortvacationattheseashore.
5、Acontentedpersonisonewhoishappywithwhathehas.
6、Allthestreetswillbeilluminatedtomorroweveningforthecelebration.
7、Herpersistenceinwearingthatold-fashionedhatsurprisedherhusband.
8、Theeffectoftheofficer’sspeechwassuchthatthearmyrecovereditsmoraleatonce.
F.
美国妇女对美国的发展做出的重要贡献,但她们却一直受到各种形式的性别歧视。
政治上,她们做的是那些乏味却又决定选举胜败的琐碎事,很少有机会升到高层职位,得到好处的是男人。
经济上,大部分妇女做的是那些工资低和没有前途的工作,她们的工资也永远低于做同样工作的男人。
很多美国人不承认这是歧视妇女,说这只是社会分工的不同。
很多妇女甚至也满足于自己作为次等公民的角色。
所以作者说,妇女要获得真正的平等将是一场长期而艰巨的斗争。
AmericanwomenmakeagreatcontributionstotheAmericandevelopment,buttheyaresufferingfrommanykindofprejudicefortheirsexatalltimes.
Inpolitics,theyhavetodothetediousworksthatmakethedifferencebetweenvictoryanddefeat,seldomhavechancestobepromotedahighposition,whilemenreapstherewards.
Ineconomy,mostwomendothelower-payinganddead-endjobsandtheyareinvariablypaidlessthanmenforthesamejob.
ManyAmericandonotregardthisasprejudiceagainstwomen,butregardthisasthedivisionoflabor.
Somewomenareevencontentwiththeirrolesassecond-classcitizens.
Thereforetheauthorthinksthatitwillbealongandhardstruggleforthewomentowanttogetrealequal.