语法复习14介词及介词短语修订.docx

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语法复习14介词及介词短语修订.docx

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语法复习14介词及介词短语修订.docx

语法复习14介词及介词短语修订

高三英语二轮专题复习要点回顾与精练

专题03介词及介词短语

一【语境检测】用适当的介词或介词短语填空使得短文语意通顺完整。

CityScenes(城市景观)

Inmanycountries1_______theworld,includingMexico,JapanandAustralia,moreandmorepeopleliveincities.Citiessharemanycharacteristics,buttheyarealsodifferent2_______countrytocountry.

Mexico’scitiesaremodernbuthavealotoftraditionalIndianandSpanishinfluences.Themostimportantbuildingsarearoundacentralsquare,whichalsoserves3_______aplacetomeetwithfriends.Thereareoutdoorandmarketplaces,wherepeoplecanfindalmosteverythingtheyneed.4_______Sundays,parksareapopularplaceforfamilyoutgoings.ManypeoplemovetoMexicoCityfromruralareas.Ithasalotofexcitement,butalsoalotoftrafficandairpollution.

Japan’scitiesalsohaveamix5________traditionalandmoderncharacteristics.Therearetallofficeandapartmentbuildingsaswellastraditionalwoodenhouses.Manypeopleprefertolivefarfromthecenterofcities,becausehouses6________thecenterofcitiesareexpensive.Theyoftencommute(坐公交)fromsuburbs.Traffic,pollution,andcrowdsareproblems.However,thereislittlecrime,andeveneverycrowdedcitieshavemanyparksandgardens.

Although80%ofAustralianslivenearcities,thecitiesarenotaslargeasthoseinsomeothercountries.Mostpeopleliveinhouses7________suburbs—notinapartments.Thesuburbsusuallyhavetheirownchurches,schools,andshoppingcenters.Theyalsohaverecreationalfacilities.Inlargecities,8_______Sydney,thesuburbsare9________thecityandareoftenfarfromthecenteroftown.10_______theheavytraffic,carsandbusesareveryslow,andtherearemanytrafficjams.

二【考纲解读】

介词主要考查近义词的用法区别、介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词的固定用法等,在2011年和2012年全国各地高考试题中,都涉及到介词的考查,不仅在单项填空中进行考查。

由于介词的用法非常普遍,它关系到句子的上下衔接,所以以后的高考题介词仍然是一个考查热点。

中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。

它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活,意义丰富。

搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。

预测今后高考介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。

在学习介词时,应重点掌握介词的基本用法,同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。

三【考点回想】

考点1常见介词的活用:

by,with,against,over,on,in,at,besides,for等是常考的介词。

掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。

考点2介词的固定搭配:

高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。

1.名词词组:

onthecontrary相反;inturn依次;inone’sopinion根据某人的看法;offtime准时;outofreach够不着

2.动词词组:

remindsbofsth提醒某人某事;robsbofsth抢劫某人的……;restdtfrom由……引起;callat访问(某地)

3.形容词词组:

becuriousabout对……好奇;beproudof因……而自豪;bepopularwith受到……的欢迎

4.介词短语:

apartfrom除……Pb;inadditionto除……之外(还);becauseof因为;insteadof代替;infearof为……提心吊胆;forfearof以免;incaseof防备;thanksto由于;inthemiddleof在……中间;accordingto根据;infrontof在……前面;inreturnfor作为对……的回报;inchargeof负责;asaresultof作为……的结果;inexchangefor与……交换等

考点3核心介词用法归纳与辨析

1.表示时间的介词in的用法。

in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。

如:

inthenight,duringthenight,inthewar,duringthewar。

但略有区别:

当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during,接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。

如:

duringthediscussion/indiscussingtheproblemduringherstayinHubei/inplayingbasketball/duringthecourseof/indiggingthetunnel

2.在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。

3.表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。

有些时间名词前有one,each,any,every,some,all,next,last,that修饰时,不接介词。

4.till、until、to的用法。

(1)till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。

(2)to表“终结”时常和from连用,但要注意不与from连用时的意义。

5.表示方式、手段、工具的介词

(1)bytheyear/hour/day按年/小时/天,但tothepound按磅算,totheton按吨计。

(2)表泛指的方式、手段:

bypost,bytelephone(radio),但onthephone/ontheradio/onTV(电讯器材),byelectricity,byhardwork,learnsth.byheart,throughthesatellite,throughpractice,throughhisownefforts,throughexperience,throughthetelescope

(3)交通工具类。

另外:

bymeansof用……方法,bywayof经由,取道于,用……方法;withthehelp(permission)ofsb./withsb.’shelp(permission)“在……帮助下”。

(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。

Hebeatthedogwithawhip.(with+工具、机器)

Hestoodupwithpride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)

注意:

使用语言、材料、文字等用in。

如inEnglish(ink,pencil)。

另外如:

inhigh(good,low)spirits,inanger,injoy,incomfort,insorrow,insafety,indanger,inneed,indebt,inlove,infun,inpain,intears,insurprise,ingood(poor)health,ingoodorder,inflower,inaway,inalowvoice,insilence,in(with)satisfaction,inahurry,in(with)words,live/feedonfood,kneelonone’sknee,take(catch)sb.bysurprise(出其不意)

6.表示“除……之外”的几组常用介词比较。

(1)besides“除……以外,(还有)”。

作副词时意思是“而且,更何况”。

如:

Itwastoolatetoseeafilm,andbesides,Iwastired.

(2)except“除去,除……之外(不再有)”。

如:

WeallwentexceptJohn.

在否定句中,两词可以换用,如:

Hehasnootherhatsexcept/besidesthisone.

(3)exceptfor“除了……(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)”后接名词、代词或what从句,此时与exceptthat+句子意思相同。

如:

Hewasverycleverexceptforcarelessness.

(4)exceptthat...“除了……一点以外”。

如:

Hehasnotchangedexceptthatheiswearingdarkglasses.

(5)but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用,但应注意以下三点:

前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时,多用but。

Allbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesmakingmodelships.后接不定式短语为排除对象时,多用but。

Hehasnothingtodobutwait.(前有do,后省to);but与一些固定结构连用。

havenochoicebuttodosth.只得做某事,cannotbutdosth.不得不,cannothelpbutdosth.不得不……,butfor...如不是……

7.介词的省略:

8.某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。

(1)要求接to的名词有:

key,answer,visit,entrance,apology,introduction,road等。

(2)要求接in的名词有:

interest,satisfaction,expert等。

四、【基础训练】

1.Theteacheriswriting____apieceofchalkontheblackboardwhilethestudentsarewriting____inkinexercisebooks.

A.with,inB.in,withC.in,inD.with,with

2.Theworkercanmakechairs____wood,andalsocanmakepaper____wood.

A.from,ofB.of,fromC.of.ofD.from,from

3.Marydroppedin________Mr.Smith,buthewasn'tathome,soshewenttodropin_______Mr.Smith'soffice.

A.on,onB.at,atC.on.atD.at.on

4.Theteacherisnotonlystrict____hispupilsbutalsostrict____hisownwork.

A.with,withB.in,inC.in,withD.with,in

5.Hisgrandfatherdied________thewoundthattheenemysoldierhadgivenhimandthenhisgrand-motherdied________hungryandcold.

A.from,ofB.of,fromC.from,fromD.of.of

6.Ifyourun____twoharesyouwillcatchneither.

A.intoB.afterC.offD.outof

7.Thisisacommonmistake____students.

A.betweenB.overC.amongD.about

8.Myfatherbegantowork____abusdriverwhenhewastwentyyearsold.

A.forB.toC.atD.as

9._____hearingthenews,Iwaswild____joy.

A.At,inB.On,withC.After,byD./,over

10.Idon'tthinkXiaoLiis____theotherstudents____mathematics.

A.after,onB.after,withC.behind,inD.behind,at

11.Nobodyknowsit____me.

A.exceptforB.exceptthatC.besidesD.but

12.Thewindowisneveropened____insummer.

A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.butfor

13.Wegotoschool____abike.

A.inB.onC.byD.ove

14.It'sverykind____youtorepairthebike____me.

A.for.forB.of,ofC.of,forD.for,of

15.Freshairisgood____yourhealth.

A.atB.forC.ofD.to

16.Theboyiswaiting________hissisterandtheywillgotothehospitaltowait________theirsickmother.

A.for,onB.on,forC.for,forD.on.on

17.Thegroupismadeup_______fivestudents.Andtheyarestudyinghardtomakeup______thelosttime.

A.of,ofB.for,forC.of,forD.for,of

18.Hewillreturn_________threeo'clock.

A.afterB.inC.onD.at

19.Hewrotethearticle________threedays.

A.atB.inC.onD.by

20.Iagree_________whatyousaid.

A.toB.onC.withD.at

21.Doyouagree_________thisplan(arrangement)?

A.atB.withC.onD.to

22.Finallytheyagreed____thetermsofthecontract.

A.onB.toC.withD.at

23.Doyouoftenhear________yourbrother?

A.ofB.fromC.outofD.about

24.Iheard________thebooklongago,butIhaveneverreadit.

A.outB.fromC.ofD.with

25.Theplaneflew____thecity.

A.acrossB.pastC.throughD.over

26.Wewalked____theTianAnMenSquaretotheMuseumofChineseHistory.

A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past

27.Iwaswandering____thestreetswhenIcaughtsightofatailor'sshop.

A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past

28.Ourbusdrove____theGreatHallofthePeople.

A.acrossB.throughC.pastD.over

29.____thesun,nothingwouldgrow.

A.ForB.WithC.UnderD.Without

30.Theteacherisbusy________teaching.

A.withB.forC.onD.of

31.Theteacherisbusy________correctingpapers.

A.forB.inC.onD.of

32.WeleftXi'an________averyhotsummerafternoon.

A.onB.inC.duringD.by

33.Shefeltdisappointedwhenshefoundouttheyhadgoneswimming________her.

A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.without

34.Histeacherwasangry____him____hisbeinglate.

A.at,withB.at,forC.with,forD.with,about

35.Myfatherwasdisappointed__________thenews.

A.byB.aboutC.atD.on

36.MrWangwenttoNanjing_________October,1998andcamebackhome________the

morningofNov.5.

A.at;inB.on;atC.in;onD.by;from

37.Myunclelives_______105HuangheStreet.Hisroomis_______thefifthfloor.

A.at;onB.td;atC.on;inD.of;to

38.Idon'tthinkyoucanworkoutthemathsproblem________theteacher'shelp.

A.sinceB.unlessC.becauseD.without

39.Heisrunning________thewindtowardstheeastofthestation_________Tomisrunning________theright.

A.down;and;onB.against;while;onC.for;with;inD.with;while;to

40.InHangzhouMr.Greenwassostruck________thebeautyofnaturethathestayed_______anothernight.

A.at;onB.with;atC.for;inD.by;for

41.Manypeoplearestill________thehabitofwritingsillythings________publicplaces.

A.at;atB.in;inC.into;ofD.during;at

42.-Doyougothere________bus?

-No,wegothere________atrain.

A.in;onB.on;onC.by;inD.by;with

43.Imadethecoat_______myownhands.Itwasmade_______hand,notwithamachine.

A.in;inB.in;withC.with;byD.with;with

44.Thetrees_______frontofthehouseare_______thechargeofOldLi.

A.in;inB.at;inC.

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