语法复习14介词及介词短语修订.docx
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语法复习14介词及介词短语修订
高三英语二轮专题复习要点回顾与精练
专题03介词及介词短语
一【语境检测】用适当的介词或介词短语填空使得短文语意通顺完整。
CityScenes(城市景观)
Inmanycountries1_______theworld,includingMexico,JapanandAustralia,moreandmorepeopleliveincities.Citiessharemanycharacteristics,buttheyarealsodifferent2_______countrytocountry.
Mexico’scitiesaremodernbuthavealotoftraditionalIndianandSpanishinfluences.Themostimportantbuildingsarearoundacentralsquare,whichalsoserves3_______aplacetomeetwithfriends.Thereareoutdoorandmarketplaces,wherepeoplecanfindalmosteverythingtheyneed.4_______Sundays,parksareapopularplaceforfamilyoutgoings.ManypeoplemovetoMexicoCityfromruralareas.Ithasalotofexcitement,butalsoalotoftrafficandairpollution.
Japan’scitiesalsohaveamix5________traditionalandmoderncharacteristics.Therearetallofficeandapartmentbuildingsaswellastraditionalwoodenhouses.Manypeopleprefertolivefarfromthecenterofcities,becausehouses6________thecenterofcitiesareexpensive.Theyoftencommute(坐公交)fromsuburbs.Traffic,pollution,andcrowdsareproblems.However,thereislittlecrime,andeveneverycrowdedcitieshavemanyparksandgardens.
Although80%ofAustralianslivenearcities,thecitiesarenotaslargeasthoseinsomeothercountries.Mostpeopleliveinhouses7________suburbs—notinapartments.Thesuburbsusuallyhavetheirownchurches,schools,andshoppingcenters.Theyalsohaverecreationalfacilities.Inlargecities,8_______Sydney,thesuburbsare9________thecityandareoftenfarfromthecenteroftown.10_______theheavytraffic,carsandbusesareveryslow,andtherearemanytrafficjams.
二【考纲解读】
介词主要考查近义词的用法区别、介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词的固定用法等,在2011年和2012年全国各地高考试题中,都涉及到介词的考查,不仅在单项填空中进行考查。
由于介词的用法非常普遍,它关系到句子的上下衔接,所以以后的高考题介词仍然是一个考查热点。
中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。
它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活,意义丰富。
搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。
预测今后高考介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。
在学习介词时,应重点掌握介词的基本用法,同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
三【考点回想】
考点1常见介词的活用:
by,with,against,over,on,in,at,besides,for等是常考的介词。
掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。
考点2介词的固定搭配:
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。
1.名词词组:
onthecontrary相反;inturn依次;inone’sopinion根据某人的看法;offtime准时;outofreach够不着
2.动词词组:
remindsbofsth提醒某人某事;robsbofsth抢劫某人的……;restdtfrom由……引起;callat访问(某地)
3.形容词词组:
becuriousabout对……好奇;beproudof因……而自豪;bepopularwith受到……的欢迎
4.介词短语:
apartfrom除……Pb;inadditionto除……之外(还);becauseof因为;insteadof代替;infearof为……提心吊胆;forfearof以免;incaseof防备;thanksto由于;inthemiddleof在……中间;accordingto根据;infrontof在……前面;inreturnfor作为对……的回报;inchargeof负责;asaresultof作为……的结果;inexchangefor与……交换等
考点3核心介词用法归纳与辨析
1.表示时间的介词in的用法。
in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。
如:
inthenight,duringthenight,inthewar,duringthewar。
但略有区别:
当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during,接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。
如:
duringthediscussion/indiscussingtheproblemduringherstayinHubei/inplayingbasketball/duringthecourseof/indiggingthetunnel
2.在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。
3.表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。
有些时间名词前有one,each,any,every,some,all,next,last,that修饰时,不接介词。
4.till、until、to的用法。
(1)till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。
(2)to表“终结”时常和from连用,但要注意不与from连用时的意义。
5.表示方式、手段、工具的介词
(1)bytheyear/hour/day按年/小时/天,但tothepound按磅算,totheton按吨计。
(2)表泛指的方式、手段:
bypost,bytelephone(radio),但onthephone/ontheradio/onTV(电讯器材),byelectricity,byhardwork,learnsth.byheart,throughthesatellite,throughpractice,throughhisownefforts,throughexperience,throughthetelescope
(3)交通工具类。
另外:
bymeansof用……方法,bywayof经由,取道于,用……方法;withthehelp(permission)ofsb./withsb.’shelp(permission)“在……帮助下”。
(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。
Hebeatthedogwithawhip.(with+工具、机器)
Hestoodupwithpride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)
注意:
使用语言、材料、文字等用in。
如inEnglish(ink,pencil)。
另外如:
inhigh(good,low)spirits,inanger,injoy,incomfort,insorrow,insafety,indanger,inneed,indebt,inlove,infun,inpain,intears,insurprise,ingood(poor)health,ingoodorder,inflower,inaway,inalowvoice,insilence,in(with)satisfaction,inahurry,in(with)words,live/feedonfood,kneelonone’sknee,take(catch)sb.bysurprise(出其不意)
6.表示“除……之外”的几组常用介词比较。
(1)besides“除……以外,(还有)”。
作副词时意思是“而且,更何况”。
如:
Itwastoolatetoseeafilm,andbesides,Iwastired.
(2)except“除去,除……之外(不再有)”。
如:
WeallwentexceptJohn.
在否定句中,两词可以换用,如:
Hehasnootherhatsexcept/besidesthisone.
(3)exceptfor“除了……(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)”后接名词、代词或what从句,此时与exceptthat+句子意思相同。
如:
Hewasverycleverexceptforcarelessness.
(4)exceptthat...“除了……一点以外”。
如:
Hehasnotchangedexceptthatheiswearingdarkglasses.
(5)but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用,但应注意以下三点:
前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时,多用but。
Allbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesmakingmodelships.后接不定式短语为排除对象时,多用but。
Hehasnothingtodobutwait.(前有do,后省to);but与一些固定结构连用。
havenochoicebuttodosth.只得做某事,cannotbutdosth.不得不,cannothelpbutdosth.不得不……,butfor...如不是……
7.介词的省略:
8.某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。
(1)要求接to的名词有:
key,answer,visit,entrance,apology,introduction,road等。
(2)要求接in的名词有:
interest,satisfaction,expert等。
四、【基础训练】
1.Theteacheriswriting____apieceofchalkontheblackboardwhilethestudentsarewriting____inkinexercisebooks.
A.with,inB.in,withC.in,inD.with,with
2.Theworkercanmakechairs____wood,andalsocanmakepaper____wood.
A.from,ofB.of,fromC.of.ofD.from,from
3.Marydroppedin________Mr.Smith,buthewasn'tathome,soshewenttodropin_______Mr.Smith'soffice.
A.on,onB.at,atC.on.atD.at.on
4.Theteacherisnotonlystrict____hispupilsbutalsostrict____hisownwork.
A.with,withB.in,inC.in,withD.with,in
5.Hisgrandfatherdied________thewoundthattheenemysoldierhadgivenhimandthenhisgrand-motherdied________hungryandcold.
A.from,ofB.of,fromC.from,fromD.of.of
6.Ifyourun____twoharesyouwillcatchneither.
A.intoB.afterC.offD.outof
7.Thisisacommonmistake____students.
A.betweenB.overC.amongD.about
8.Myfatherbegantowork____abusdriverwhenhewastwentyyearsold.
A.forB.toC.atD.as
9._____hearingthenews,Iwaswild____joy.
A.At,inB.On,withC.After,byD./,over
10.Idon'tthinkXiaoLiis____theotherstudents____mathematics.
A.after,onB.after,withC.behind,inD.behind,at
11.Nobodyknowsit____me.
A.exceptforB.exceptthatC.besidesD.but
12.Thewindowisneveropened____insummer.
A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.butfor
13.Wegotoschool____abike.
A.inB.onC.byD.ove
14.It'sverykind____youtorepairthebike____me.
A.for.forB.of,ofC.of,forD.for,of
15.Freshairisgood____yourhealth.
A.atB.forC.ofD.to
16.Theboyiswaiting________hissisterandtheywillgotothehospitaltowait________theirsickmother.
A.for,onB.on,forC.for,forD.on.on
17.Thegroupismadeup_______fivestudents.Andtheyarestudyinghardtomakeup______thelosttime.
A.of,ofB.for,forC.of,forD.for,of
18.Hewillreturn_________threeo'clock.
A.afterB.inC.onD.at
19.Hewrotethearticle________threedays.
A.atB.inC.onD.by
20.Iagree_________whatyousaid.
A.toB.onC.withD.at
21.Doyouagree_________thisplan(arrangement)?
A.atB.withC.onD.to
22.Finallytheyagreed____thetermsofthecontract.
A.onB.toC.withD.at
23.Doyouoftenhear________yourbrother?
A.ofB.fromC.outofD.about
24.Iheard________thebooklongago,butIhaveneverreadit.
A.outB.fromC.ofD.with
25.Theplaneflew____thecity.
A.acrossB.pastC.throughD.over
26.Wewalked____theTianAnMenSquaretotheMuseumofChineseHistory.
A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past
27.Iwaswandering____thestreetswhenIcaughtsightofatailor'sshop.
A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past
28.Ourbusdrove____theGreatHallofthePeople.
A.acrossB.throughC.pastD.over
29.____thesun,nothingwouldgrow.
A.ForB.WithC.UnderD.Without
30.Theteacherisbusy________teaching.
A.withB.forC.onD.of
31.Theteacherisbusy________correctingpapers.
A.forB.inC.onD.of
32.WeleftXi'an________averyhotsummerafternoon.
A.onB.inC.duringD.by
33.Shefeltdisappointedwhenshefoundouttheyhadgoneswimming________her.
A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.without
34.Histeacherwasangry____him____hisbeinglate.
A.at,withB.at,forC.with,forD.with,about
35.Myfatherwasdisappointed__________thenews.
A.byB.aboutC.atD.on
36.MrWangwenttoNanjing_________October,1998andcamebackhome________the
morningofNov.5.
A.at;inB.on;atC.in;onD.by;from
37.Myunclelives_______105HuangheStreet.Hisroomis_______thefifthfloor.
A.at;onB.td;atC.on;inD.of;to
38.Idon'tthinkyoucanworkoutthemathsproblem________theteacher'shelp.
A.sinceB.unlessC.becauseD.without
39.Heisrunning________thewindtowardstheeastofthestation_________Tomisrunning________theright.
A.down;and;onB.against;while;onC.for;with;inD.with;while;to
40.InHangzhouMr.Greenwassostruck________thebeautyofnaturethathestayed_______anothernight.
A.at;onB.with;atC.for;inD.by;for
41.Manypeoplearestill________thehabitofwritingsillythings________publicplaces.
A.at;atB.in;inC.into;ofD.during;at
42.-Doyougothere________bus?
-No,wegothere________atrain.
A.in;onB.on;onC.by;inD.by;with
43.Imadethecoat_______myownhands.Itwasmade_______hand,notwithamachine.
A.in;inB.in;withC.with;byD.with;with
44.Thetrees_______frontofthehouseare_______thechargeofOldLi.
A.in;inB.at;inC.