英语句子的种类.docx
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英语句子的种类
英语句子的种类
(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1)陈述句(DeclarativeSentences):
说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
Lighttravelsfasterthansound. 光比声速度快。
(说明事实)
Thefilmisratherboring. 这部电影很乏味。
(说明看法)
2)疑问句(InterrogativeSentences):
提出问题。
有以下四种:
a. 一般疑问句(GeneralQuestions):
Canyoufinishtheworkintime?
你能按时完成工作吗?
b. 特殊疑问句(WQuestions;HQuestions):
Wheredoyoulive?
你住那儿?
Howdoyouknowthat?
你怎么知道那件事?
c. 选择疑问句(AlternativeQuestions):
Doyouwantteaorcoffee?
你是要茶还是要咖啡?
d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):
Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe?
他不认识她,对不对?
3)祈使句(ImperativeSentences):
提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:
Sitdown,please. 请坐。
Don'tbenervous!
别紧张!
4)感叹句(ExclamatorySentences):
表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:
Whatgoodnewsitis!
多好的消息啊!
(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:
1)简单句(SimpleSentences)只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句,
例如:
Sheisfondofcollectingstamps. 她喜欢集邮。
(主) (谓)
2)并列句(CompoundSentences):
包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如:
Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.
(主) (谓) (主)(谓)
食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。
3)复合句(ComplexSentences):
包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:
Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.
主句 从句
我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。
(三)基本句型(BasicSentencePatterns):
英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:
1)主+动(SV)例如:
Iwork. 我工作。
2)主+动+表(SVP)例如:
Johnisbusy. 约翰忙。
3)主+动+宾(SVO)例如:
ShestudiesEnglish. 她学英语。
4)主+动+宾+补(SVOC)例如:
Timewouldprovemeright.时间会证明我是对的。
5)主+动+间宾+直宾(SVOiOd)例如:
Mymothermademeanewdress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
◆祈使句结构
1.祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告等。
2.祈使句有两种类型:
一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do
Takethisseat.Dobecareful.
否定结构:
Don'tmove.Don'tbelate.
第二种祈使句以let开头。
a.Let's包括说话者
Let'shaveanothertry,shallwe?
b.Letus不包括说话者
Letushaveanothertry,willyou?
否定结构:
Let'snottalkofthatmatter.
Letusnottalkofthatmatter.
◆感叹句结构
1.感叹句通常由what,how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。
2.what修饰名词,how修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:
How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序
How+形容词或副词+陈述语序
What+名词+陈述语序
What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序
What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序
What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序
Howcleveraboyheis!
Howlovelythebabyis!
Whatnoisetheyaremaking!
Whatacleverboyheis!
Whatwonderfulideas(wehave)!
Whatcoldweatheritis!
3.感叹句的省略形式为:
Whatacleverboy(heis)!
并列句、祈使句、感叹句练习
1.Englishisnoteasy,______Ilikeitverymuch.(06北京海淀区)
A.soB.ifC.butD.or
2.I’mdifferentfrommytwinsister.Ilovedancing,______sheisinterestedinreading.(06北京课改实验区)
A.soB.orC.butD.and
3.----Somebodyiswaitingoutside.Hewantstoseeyou.(06苏州)
----______nooneknowsI’mhere.
A.ForB.AndC.ButD.So
4.Thedressfitsmewell,______Idon’twanttobuyitbecauseit’stooexpensive..(06南京)
A.soB.andC.orD.but
5.Itwassnowinghard______wehadtostayathomeandwatchTV.(06天津)
A.thatB.soC.butD.because
6.Pleasetakethemedicinethreetimesaday,______itwon’tworkwell.(06浙江课改实验区)
A.andB.butC.orD.so
7.______bigthetreeis!
(06长沙市课改实验区)
A.WhatB.HowC.What
8.Workhard,______youmaycatchupwithyourclassmatessoon.(06重庆)
A.orB.butC.andD.yet
9.----Wouldyouliketoplaybasketballwithus?
(06福建课改实验区)
----Yes,I’dloveto.______I’mafraidIhavenotime.
A.SoB.ButC.OrD.And
10.----WehadbetteraskBobtohelpus.(06绍兴)
----______heisawayonbusiness.
ASoB.AndC.OrD.But
11.______weatherwehadonourholiday!
(06广州课改实验区)
A.WhatagoodB.Howagood
C.WhatgoodD.Howgood
12.Wedidn’thaveenoughchairs,______someofthestudentshadtositonthefloor.(06广州课改实验区)
A.butB.soC.orD.and
13.Lookleftandrightbeforeyoucrosstheroad,______youmaybehitbyacar.(06黄冈课改实验区)
A.andB.soC.butD.or
14.Hecan’tdecidewhichtochoose______thereisnodifferencebetweenthem.(06山西)
A.butB.soC.because
15.Studyhard,______you’resuretohaveagoodresultintheexam.(06威海)
A.andB.butC.forD.or
16.Holdontoyourdreams,______theywillcometrueoneday.
(06沈阳)
A.butB.andC.orD.so
17.______lovelyweather!
Let’sgoonapicnic.(06沈阳)
A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa
18.----It’salongstory,buttherearefewnewwordsinit.
----Good!
______itwillbehardforchildren.
A.SoB.OrC.ButD.And
19.______beautifulthefloweris!
A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa
20._______interestingstoryitis!
A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Whatan
21.________talltreestheyare!
A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan
22.______kindtheyare!
A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa
23._______hardallthesepeopleareworking!
A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa
24.______badweatheritis!
A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Whatan
25.______largethefactoryis!
A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa
26.______makeanynoisehere.Thebabiesaresleeping.
A.NotB.NoC.Don’tD.Do
27.______computergames,shallwe?
A.Let’stoplayB.Let’splayC.LetplayD.Lettoplay
28.______goodboyheis!
A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa
◆强调句结构
1.Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。
2.一般疑问句的强调句型归纳:
is/wasit+被强调部分+who/that+句子的其他部分
3.特殊疑问句的强调句型归纳:
强调疑问词:
特殊疑问词+is/wasit+who/that+句子的其他部分
Wherewasitthatyoustartedyourcareer?
强调非疑问词:
特殊疑问词+is/wasit+被强调部分+who/that+句子的其他部分
Wherewasityourcareerthatyourstarted?
4.强调notuntil结构的强调句型归纳:
itis/was+notuntil…+that+句子的其他部分
Hedidnotrealizehismistakesuntiltheplanwascompletelyruined.
Itwasnotuntiltheplanwascompletelyruinedthatherealizedhismistakes.
5.强调句还有一种类型,就是用助动词do(did,does)强调谓语。
Shedoeslikethishorse. 她的确喜欢这匹马。
Pleasedotakecareofyourself.千万保重。
高考题中的强调结构:
1._____isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.
A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.It
2.Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay_____matters.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this
3.Itwasafterhegotwhathehaddesired___herealizeditwasnotsoimportant.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as
4.Itwasn'tuntilnearlyamonthlater___Ireceivedthemanger'sreply.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.that
5.Itwasnotuntilshegothome___Jenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.before
6.—_____thathemanagedtogettheinformation?
—Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.
A.WherewasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitD.Whywasit
7.Ijustwonder___thatmakeshimsoexcited.
A.whyitdoesB.whathedoesC.howitisD.whatitis
8.Itistenyears___MissGreenreturnedtoCanada.
A.that B.when C.since D.as
◆反意疑问句
1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren'tI.
I'mastallasyoursister,aren'tI?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may+主语。
Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?
3) 陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
TheSwedemadenoanswer,didhe/she?
Someplantsneverblow(开花),dothey?
4) 含有oughtto的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't/oughtn't+主语。
Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtn'the?
/shouldn'the?
5) 陈述部分有haveto+v.(hadto+v.),疑问部分常用don't+主语(didn't+主语)。
Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don'twe?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是usedto时,疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。
Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?
/usedn'the?
7) 陈述部分有hadbetter+v.,疑问句部分用hadn'tyou?
You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou?
8) 陈述部分有wouldrather+v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。
Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the?
9) 陈述部分有You'dliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语。
You'dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?
10)must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
Hemustbetherenow,isn'the?
Itmustbegoingtoraintomorrow,won'tit?
Hemustbeadoctor,isn'the?
YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haven'tyou?
Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didn'the?
11)感叹句中,疑问部分用be+主语。
Whatcolours,aren'tthey?
Whatasmell,isn'tit?
12) 陈述部分由neither…nor,either…or连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。
Everythingisready,isn'tit?
14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
a.并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr.SmithhadbeentoBeijingforseveraltimes,heshouldhavebeeninChinanow,shouldn'the?
b.带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalk,ishe?
HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didn'the?
c.主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
Idon'tthinkheisbright,ishe?
Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can'tshe?
15)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。
Everyoneknowstheanswer,don'tthey?
(doeshe?
)
Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?
(doeshe?
)
16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need(dare)+主语。
Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?
Hedarenotsayso,dareyou?
※当dare,need为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do+主语。
Shedoesn'tdaretogohomealone,doesshe?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用willyou。
Don'tdothatagain,willyou?
Gowithme,willyou/won'tyou?
18)陈述部分是"therebe"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn'tthere?
Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
Itisimpossible,isn'tit?
Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?
快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分
I aren'tI
Wish may+主语
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few,seldom,hardly, 肯定含义
rarely,little等否定
含义的词
oughtto(肯定的) shouldn't/oughtn't+主语
haveto+v.(hadto+v.) don't+主语(didn't+主语)
usedto didn't+主语或usedn't+主语
hadbetter+v. hadn'tyou
wouldrather+v. wouldn't+主语
you'dliketo+v. would