专利外国土壤.docx

专利外国土壤.docx

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专利外国土壤

专利：

Soilamendmentandhydrogengasproducedbypyrolysisofcabonaceousmaterials

WO2004037747A2

摘要：

Thisinventionrelatesaseriesofstepstoprovideaneconomicalproductionofacarbonbasedfertilizerandsoilamendmentmadeduringthecaptureofgreenhousegasesfromthecombustionoffossilandnonfossilfuels.Theinventionusesbiomassandothercarbonaceoussourcesthroughpyrolyticconversiontogasesandcharcoal,toallowforthefurtherproductionofco-products,suchashydrogenandammonia.Theinventionalsorelatestothecombinationofhydratedammonia,combustionfluegasexhaust,andcharcoal,providefortheconversionofthecharcoalintoavaluedaddedsoilamendmenttoreturnessentialtracemineralsandplantnutrientstothesoil.Theabilitytoproducealargevolumecarbonco-productwhileremovingmandatedemissionsandproducingrenewablebasedhydrogenprovidesaneconomicgaintoalargenumbersmallandlargebusinessesandincreasethechanceofachievingsignificantreductionsingreenhousegasemissions.

本发明涉及一系列步骤提供一种炭基肥料和土壤改良剂的化石和非化石燃料燃烧的温室气体捕获了一个经济的生产过程。

本发明使用生物燃料和其它碳源通过热解转化成气体和炭，以允许进一步生产副产品，如氢和氨。

本发明还涉及组合水合氨，燃烧烟气排放，和木炭，用于将木炭转换成添加土壤改良还必需的微量矿物质和植物的养分价值。

能够产生大量碳副产品同时去除授权的排放量和生产可再生氢提供了大量的小型和大型企业经济效益和增加实现显著减少温室气体排放的机会。

权利要求（OCR文本中可能有错误）

Claims

1.Aprocessforthepyrolysisofbiomassandothercarbonaceousmaterialsreleasingapyrolyticgashighinvolatileorganiccompoundsandproducingasolidcarboncharcoalresidue.

2.TheprocessasinClaim1wherethetemperatureofthecharcoalismanagedtosuchthatitsdoesnotexceedthetemperaturerangebetween350Cwhere500Cformorethan2minutestomaximizetheformationofsurfaceacidsgroupsandpreferentialadsorptionofbaseswhichincludeammonia.

3.TheprocessasinClaim1wherethetemperatureoftheresultingcharparticlesexceeds500Candisfurtherheatedorallowedtooxidizedwherethetemperatureremainsabove600Cforgreaterthan10minutestominimizetheproductionofsurfaceacidsgroups.

4.TheprocessasinClaims1,2and3whereintheresidueisfurtherprocessedundervariousconditions,includingbutnotlimitedtopressure,mechanicalactions,heat,steam,oxygen,acid,carbondioxide,additionoffertilizercomponents,suchaspotassium,magnesium,ammoniumsulfate,ammoniumnitrate,micromineralnutrientssuchasironmolybdenumminerals,tooptimizeitforspecificapplicationsasanadsorbentandcarrierofothermaterials.

1。

一种生物质的热解和其他含碳物质中释放的热解气体高挥发性有机化合物及制备固体炭炭渣。

2。

如权利要求1中的木炭的温度是设法使其不超过350C在500C超过2分钟，最大限度地表面的酸基团和基地包括氨选择性吸附，形成之间的温度范围。

3。

如权利要求1中的方法，所得焦炭的颗粒温度超过500C和进一步加热或允许氧化的温度保持在大于10分钟减少表面酸组的生产型。

4。

这个过程在索赔1，其中2和3的残基是在各种条件下进一步的处理，包括但不限于压力，机械动作，热，水蒸汽，二氧化碳，氧气，酸，肥料的成分，如钾，镁，硫酸铵，硝酸铵，微如铁钼矿物矿质营养，优化它的特定的应用程序作为吸附剂和其它材料的载体。

5.TheprocessasinClaim1,whereinthegasisfurtherprocessedusingceramicmembranestotheconvertandextractapurifiedhydrogenstream,orbyusingsteamreformingorcatalyticallyreformingofthepyrolysisorsynthesisgastoproduceamixturegasesincludinghydrogen,carbonmonoxide,methaneandcarbondioxideandwherethecarbonmonoxideisproduceditisconvertedthroughahightemperatureorlowtemperaturecatalyticCOwatershiftreactiontohydrogenwherehydrogenandcarbondioxidearethemajorcomponentsoftheresultinggas.

6.TheprocessasinClaim5,forseparatingtheanyunpurifiedhydrogenfromcarbondioxide,nitrogenorotherparasiticgasesusingstandardindustrialtechniques,suchaspressureswingadsorption,ormembraneseparation.

7.AprocessinaccordancewithClaims1,5and6,wherethecombinationofthehydrogenandairareusedinstandardindustriallyacceptedtechniquestoproduceammoniaorammoniumnitrateorothernitrogencompoundstypicaltothoseindustrypractices.

8.TheprocessinaccordancewithClaims2and4,wherebyalloraportionofthesolidcharcoalandammonia,andwaterisinjectedorbroughtintointimatecontactwiththeoff-gasstreamofacombustionorotherprocesswheresuchgasstreamhasaconcentrationofcarbondioxide,sulfurdioxideandnitrousoxideandwherethereisadesiretoreducethedischargeofthesematerialsintotheatmosphere.

9.TheprocessinaccordancewithClaims3and4,wherebyalloraportionofthesolidcharcoal,andammonia,andwaterisinjectedorbroughtintointimatecontactwiththeoff-gasstreamofacombustionorotherprocesswheresuchgasstreamhasaconcentrationofcarbondioxide,sulfurdioxideandnitrousoxideandwherethereisadesiretoreducethedischargeofthesematerialsintotheatmosphere.

10.TheprocessinaccordancewithClaims8and9,wherethecharcoalresidueandammonia,waterandoffgasesareheldinintimatecontactforatleast5seconds.

11.TheprocessasinClaim10whereinthechemicalreactionwillallowammoniumbicarbonate（NH4HCO）tobeformedinthecharcoalporesandontoitssurfacetoproduceNH4HC03-charcoalfertilizers.

12.TheprocessasinClaim10whereinthechemicalreactionalsoallowstheformationofammoniumsaltsofnitrogenoxidesandsulfurdioxidetobeformedincontactwithNH4HCO3-charcoalfertilizers.

13.Thecreationofaslowreleasesequesteringsoilamendmentfertilizertobecombinedwithmaterialsusedbyplantgrowthanddepositingthosematerialsinsidetheinternalporestructuresofthecarbonresiduemakingasolidpowderandorgranularmaterialsuitableforlargescaleagriculturalapplications.

14.AprocessinaccordancewithClaims1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,or13wherethosecompoundsbeneficialforplantgrowtharecreatedoradsorbedontotheinternalporestructureofthecarbonresiduecreatingamaterialwhichprovidesaslowreleaseofthecompounds.

15.AprocessinaccordancewithClaim13,andacoatingisusedtofacilitatethehandling,flowandaddedcontroloftherateofreleaseofthosecompounds,andwheresuchmaterialsasarecommonlyusedtocreatecoatingssuchasbutnotlimitedtogypsum,plaster,sulfur,polymersasmaterialswhichdissolveorcreateapermeablelayerwhenplacedinthesoil.

16.TheuseofamaterialasasoilamendmentandfertilizermadewiththeprocessesdescribedinClaims1through11andcreatingthosematerialsasdescribedinClaims11,12or13.

说明  （OCR文本中可能有错误）

TheProductionandUseofaSoilAmendmentMadeBytheCombined

ProductionofHydrogen,SequesteredCarbonandUtilizingOffGases

ContainingCarbonDioxide

CrossReferencetoRelatedApplication

Applicantsherebyclaimthebenefitunder35U.S.C.Sec.119（e）oftheU.S.ProvisionalPatentApplicationNo.60/420,766,filedOctober22,2002,entitled"TheProductionandUseofaSoilAmendmentmadebytheCombinedProductionofHydrogen,SequesteredCarbonandutilizingOffGasesContainingCarbonDioxide",whichisfullyincorporatedhereinbyreference.

FIELDOFTHEINVENTION

Thisinventionrelatestotheproductionanduseofanitrogenenrichedcarbonbasedfertilizerandsoilamendmentmadeduringthepyrolyticconversionofcarbonaceousmaterialswhichproducecharcoalandthereactionofsaidcharcoalwithammonia,carbondioxide,waterandothercomponentsgenerallyfoundinfluegasemissions.Theinventionalsorelatestotheoptimizationofthatcharcoalwithmineralandplantnutrientstoproduceandusethecombinedmaterialsasasoilamendmentandfertilizer.Theinventionalsorelatestotheuseofthematerialasawaytoeconomicallystorecarbonandcapturedgreenhousegasesinthesoil.

本发明涉及生产和使用富氮碳基肥料和土壤改良剂的碳质材料生产木炭和反应的热解转化时说炭氨，二氧化碳，通常发现在烟气排放的水和其他成分。

本发明还涉及与矿物质和植物营养素的生产和使用的复合材料作为土壤改良剂和肥料的木炭的优化。

本发明还涉及使用的材料作为一种经济的碳捕获存储在土壤中的温室气体。

BACKGROUNDOFTHEINVENTION

TheincreasinganthropogenicC02emissionsandpossibleglobalwarminghavechallengedtheUnitedStatesandothercountriestofindnewandbetterwaystomeettheworld'sincreasingneedsforenergywhile,atthesametime,reducinggreenhousegasemissions.Recentevidencehasshownthatmeltingglaciers,freshwaterinfluxesintotheoceansandthinningiceattheNorthPolearelikelytheresultontheearth'swarming.TheNationalAcadamyofSciencesreportin2002,onRapidClimateChange,hasdetailedevidencethatchangesintheearth'sclimatehasoccurredveryrapidlyinthepast.Duetothemountingevidenceofglobalwarming,nationshavewiselysoughttoworktogethertoreducepotentialimpactsofgreenhousegasemissionsthroughnegotiatedagreements,mostnotablytheKyotoAgreement.Theagreement,signedcurrentlybyamajorityoftheplanet'snationstates,seektolimitgreenhousegasemissionsat1990levels.However,manyarecallingforgreaterreductions.OnFebruary24,2003,PrimeMinisterTonyBlair,oneoftheUnitedStatesclosestallies,saidinaspeech,"ItisclearKyotoisnotradicalenough."and"Weknownow,fromfurtherresearchandevidence,thattostopfurtherdamagetotheclimateweneeda60%reductionworld-wide".Thisnumberrepresentstrillionsofdollarsingoods,servicesandelectronscreatedthroughthoseemissionsbybusinessesthatperceiveriskandlossofincomeofsuchreductions.However,evidenceismountingthatapathdoesneedtobeimplementedquicklyandthequickestwaytoimplementaportionoftheglobalsolutionistodevelopcommercialandenvironmentalsynergiesthatreduceriskandpotentiallosses.Solutionsthatstabilizeincomepotentialfortheworld'sbusinesscommunity,establishsustainablemethodsofgrowingfood,andhelpmeettheenergydemandsoftheeconomicallydevelopingsocietieswillmeetfarlessresistancethansolutionswithlittlecorrespondingvalueotherthansequestration.

越来越多的人为二氧化碳排放和全球变暖有可能挑战美国和其他国家寻找新的和更好的方式来满足世界日益增长的能源需求的同时，在同一时间，减少温室气体排放。

最近的证据表明，冰川融化，海洋和淡水涌入变薄的冰在北极可能是导致地球变暖。

在2002个国家科学院科学报告，对气候的急剧变化，有详细的证据表明地球气候的变化，发生非常迅速在过去。

由于全球变暖的证据越来越多，国家已