超声基础知识(英文版).pptx
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Contents超声基础知识,t课件,1,UltrasoundHistoryandprincipleBasicImagePerformanceKnowledgeUltrasoundartifacts,UltrasoundHistory,t课件,2,Sonar,SoundNavigationandRanging,t课件,3,Sonar,AnicehilldistroyedTitanic,t课件,4,GermanU-SubmarineduringWWII,A-Mode,Amplitudemode,t课件,5,M-Mode,Motion-ModeM:
MotiondisplayedovertimeTime,t课件,6,Depth,Function:
todisplaytissuemotion,1950s,B-Mode,Brightness-modeB:
Brightnessdisplayedasdotsonscreenstrongersignal,brighterdot,t课件,7,Function:
todisplaytissuestructureBmodeisalsocalled2Dmode.,B-Mode,t课件,8,B-Mode,HP70020A,1981,TOSHIBASDS-10A,1981,t课件,9,Doppler-Mode,ChristianAndreasDopplerAustriaPhysicistandmathematicianBornin1803inSalzburgFoundDopplerPrinciplein1842Diedin1853inVenice,t课件,10,Doppler-Mode,Soundsource:
NOTmoving,Soundsource:
moving,t课件,11,Doppler-Mode,t课件,12,Doppler-Mode,BloodcellNOTmoving,Bloodcellmoving,forward/backward,t课件,13,Doppler-Mode,v,f+fD,t课件,14,fD:
Dopplershiftofthefrequencyf:
Transmittedfrequencyv:
Velocityoftheblood:
Angleofincidencebetweentheultrasoundbeamandthedirectionoftheflowc:
speedofsoundintissue,PWMode(Pulse-Wave),PW:
Pulse-WaveDoppler,Function:
tomeasurevelocityofbloodflow,VelocityTime,1959,t课件,15,PWMode,SampleVolumeAngleCorrection,SampleLine,Grayscalestandsfor:
theamountofallobjectsinthatvelocityinthesamplevolume.,t课件,16,PrincipleofPW,Elementsarebothtransmittingandreceivingsoundwaves.ThetransmittingandreceivingofsoundwavesareNOTinthesametime.ThereisaSampleVolume.,PRF:
PulseRepetitionFrequency,Transmit,Receive,Transmit,Receive,t课件,17,CWMode(continuouswave),Function:
tomeasurevelocityofbloodflow,especiallyinheart,CW:
Continuous-WaveDopplerspeedofbloodcellsdisplayedonatime/velocitygraphTime,t课件,18,Velocity,1956,CWMode,SensitiveRegionAngleCorrection,SampleLine,Grayscalestandsfor:
theamountofallobjectsinthatvelocityalongthesampleline.,t课件,19,PrincipleofCW,Someelementsaretransmittingsoundwaves.Theothersarereceiving.ThetransmittingandreceivingofsoundwavesareJUSTinthesametime.,t课件,20,ThereisNOSampleVolume.Butthereisasensitiveregion.,ColorMode,ColorDoppler:
Pixelsassignedcolorbasedonmeanvelocity,Function:
todisplaydirectionofbloodflow,ColormodeisalsocalledCDFImode(ColorDopplerFlowImaging)orCFM(colorflowmapping),RedtowardsprobeBlueawayfromprobe,t课件,21,1983,PowerMode,PowerDoppler:
Pixelsassignedcolorbasedonmeanpower,t课件,22,PowermodeisalsocalledCPAmode.(ColorPowerAngio)Function:
todisplayvolumeofbloodflow,especiallyatlowvelocity,DirPowerMode,t课件,23,ColorMaps,GrayScale,t课件,24,Velocity,Power,DirectionalPower,Bmode,Colormode,Powermode,Difference-Color&colorize,Bmode-colorizedWholeimageiscolorized.,t课件,25,ColormodeOnlybloodflowiscolorized.Tissueismonochrome.,Difference-Color&Power,PowerDopplerdisplaysamplitudeofsignal(howmuch)ColorDopplerdisplaysvelocity(howfast),t课件,26,AngleDependent,Colormode,vertical,t课件,27,oblique,Powermode,AngleDependent,Yes,No,Atperpendicularangle,Noflowdisplayed,Displayednormally,Difference-PW&CW,Velocit,LocatApplicatio,ransmitting,undwaves.,yLoweSamplevolumenAll,SamplelineCardiology,Continuouswave,PWmodePrinciplePulsed-waveAllelementsaretandreceivingsoProbeAll,CWmode,SampleVolume,AngleCorrection,SampleLine,SomeelementsaretransmittingsSoeunnsditiwveavReesg.ionTheothersarereceiving.,PhasedarrayA,npgelencCilo,rortehcetrionHigh,SampleLine,t课件,28,ImagePerformanceKnowledge,t课件,29,HowtodefineagoodB-modeimageHowtodefineagoodColorimageHowtodefineagoodPW/CWimage,B-ModeImage,UltrasoundWaveDemonstrationT,Object,Refraction,Reflection,Scatter,t课件,30,B-ModeImage,S/Nratio(Signal/NoiseRatio)信噪比,Muchnoiseincavity,t课件,31,B-ModeImage,Penetration穿透力,Penetrationgoesto17.50cm,Onlypenetratesat16.04cm,t课件,32,B-ModeImage,Spatialresolution空间分辨率,Horizontal,t课件,33,Logitudinal,B-ModeImage,Contrastresolution对比分辨率,t课件,34,B-ModeImage,Temporalresolution,时间分辨率,t课件,35,ColorImage,Sensitivity敏感性,Bettersensitivity小血管血流非常丰富,t课件,36,ColorImage,SpatialResolution空间分辨率,Rightimagehasbetterspatialresolution,noobviouscoloroverlayonvesselwall,t课件,37,ColorMode,TemporalResolution时间分辨率也称血流动态感,t课件,38,PWImage,Sensitivity,敏感性(低速,深部血流),t课件,39,PWImage,Spectrum,Shape频谱形态(包络连续性以及声窗),t课件,40,CWImage,Sensitivity敏感性(在狭窄和返流下的高速血流),t课件,41,UltrasoundArtifacts,t课件,42,Side-lobeartifact(旁瓣伪像)Acousticshadowing(声影)Acousticenhancement(回声增强)Slice-thicknessartifact(容积效应)Mirrorimageartifact(镜面伪像)Reverberations(混响)Edgeshadowing(边界声影),Side-lobeArtifact,Side-lobeartifact:
Intestinalgas(I)isastrongreflectorthatisprojectedintotheinteriorofthegallbladder(Gb).S=side-lobeartifact,T=transducer,t课件,43,Side-lobeartifact:
Thearrowsindicateaside-lobeartifactinastonefreegallbladder(GB).Theartifactiscausedbygasintheadjacentduodenum(DUO),Aco