Unit 3 Gender Differences新编大学英语第二版第四册教案备课讲稿.docx

Unit 3 Gender Differences新编大学英语第二版第四册教案备课讲稿.docx

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Unit3GenderDifferences新编大学英语第二版第四册教案备课讲稿

Unit3GenderDifferences新编大学英语第二版第四册教案

Unit3GenderDifferences

UsefulInformation

“Genderdifferences”isatermusedtorefertobothbiologicalandsocialcharacteristicsthatdistinguishmenandwomen.Thesocialcharacteristicsincludesuchthingsasdifferencesinhairstyles,clothing,familyresponsibilities,occupationalroles,acceptablebehaviorandotherculturallylearnedactivitiesandtraits.Allofthesedifferencesarelinkedtothenon-biologicalnotionsofmasculinityandfemininitywhichvaryfromoneculturetoanother.

 Sexualorphysicaldifferencesaredeterminedatbirth.Femaleshavetwosimilarsex-determiningchromosomes（XX）,whilemaleshavetwodissimilarsex-determiningchromosomes（XY）.Bothsexeshavemaleandfemalehormones,buttheaveragemanhasabouttentimesasmuchtestosteroneastheaveragewoman.Mostscientistsagreethatthesebiologicaldifferencesaffect,atleasttosomeextent,physicalbehavioranddevelopment.Inotherwords,inmostculturesmenarebigger,strongerandmoreaggressivethanwomen.Obviously,physicalactivityandsocialrolesaccentuatethesebiologicaldifferences.Heavylaborbuildsmusclesandtheresponsibilityofprovidingforafamilyreinforcesthenaturalaggressionofmeninanysociety.Thechild-raisingactivitiesofwomen,ontheotherhand,reinforcetheirgentleandnurturantbehavior.Howeverwedorecognizethatwomenarecapableofhighlymuscledbodies,asisevidentinsomewomenathletes.

 ManyofthetraditionalstereotypesassociatedwithwomenwerequestionedbythefeministmovementthatbeganintheWestintheearly1960s.Thismovement（alsoknownasthewomen’sliberationmovement）favoredincreasedrightsandactivitiesforwomenthroughoutsociety.Feministsstressedthatitwasnotprimarilybiologythatdeterminedwomen’srolesandstatusinsociety,butsocialprejudices.Accordingtothefeminists,womenwereusuallysocializedandeducateddifferentlyfrommenbecauseitwasassumedthatwomenwerephysicallyandintellectuallyinferior.

 Thetheoriesandanalysesthatcameoutofthewomen’smovementsparkedinnumerablestudiesoneducationalandemploymentpractices.Thesestudiesrevealedthesexistbiases（prejudiceordiscriminationonthebasisofsex）ofteachers,employers,schools,universities,textbooks,laws,andotherofficialdocuments.Itwasshownthatthewaygirlsaretreatedinthehomeandinschoolplaysamajorroleinreinforcingstereotypes.Itwasdemonstratedthatiftreatedsimilarly,boysandgirlshavethesamepotentialandcanaccomplishsimilargoals.

 Throughoutthe1970sand1980s,effortsweremadetoreducesexistattitudesineducationalsystemsandintheworkplace.Girlswereencouragedtostudymedicine,law,mathematics,engineering,etc.andtofollowcareersnormallyassociatedwithmen.Lawswerepassedprohibitingsexistdiscriminationinhiringpracticesinordertogivewomenequaljobopportunities.

 Theimpactofthefeministmovementwasfeltevenatthelevelofeverydaylanguage.Sincethe1960s,theEnglishlanguagehasevolvedconsiderablyinordertobemoreinclusiveofwomen.Newwordshavebeeninventedandpronounsareuseddifferently.Virtuallyeverygrammarbookpublishedsincethelate1970shasasectiononavoidingsexistlanguageandsexistpronounuse.Variouswaysarenowusedtoavoidinequalityofthesexes,suchas:

1）Apersonshouldinsistthathis/herrightsberespected;2）Peopleshouldseethattheiremployertreatsallemployeesequally;3）Everyonereceivedtheirshareoffood;4）Thechairpersonofthedepartmentinsistedonnonsexistlanguageinallpublications. 

 Despitesocialreformsandchangingattitudes,therearestillmanyunansweredquestionsregardinggenderdifferences.Dowomenfeelcompelledtoactmorelikemeninordertoovercomestereotypes?

Canorshouldmenandwomeneverbetrulyequalinanysociety?

PartOnePREPARATION

1.Howisitpossible?

STEPONE

1）when          2）control    3）crashes/smashes/runs/bumps    4）hospital

5）doctor/surgeon  6）operate

STEPTWO

Yes.Thedoctoristheboy’smother.

2.DifferencesbetweenMenandWomen

STEPONE

MEN           WOMEN

suffermoreillnesses                                                      _______              √ 

haveahigherrateofcolorblindness                                     √             _______

havealargerbrain                                                             √            _______

aremorelikelytohaveaheartattack                                   √             _______

havemorefears                                                            _______              √ 

livelonger                                                                     _______              √ 

likediamondshapes                                                           √            _______

missmorework                                                            _______              √ 

3.TheGenderSurvey

StepOne

Thesurveyisopen.

StepTwo

Mostpeoplethinkthatwomenaremoreemotionalandmorecompassionatethanmen.Theyarealsoviewedasbetterlistenersandbetterabletodomanythingsatonce.Mostofusbelievewomenhavebetter“peopleskills”.

Weallthinkthatmenhaveamoreaggressivenature.Theyarealsomorewillingtotakerisksthanarewomen.Allofthegirlsinourgroupbelievethatmenareself-centered.

OptionalActivitiesforTeacherstoChoose:

4.MenorWomen?

relationshipcounselor.Workinpairsanddecidewhetheryouthinkthefeatures

belowdescribemenorwomen.Write“M”formenand“W”forwomen.

_____ 1）Theytalktoexchangeinformation.

_____ 2）Theytalktoexpressfeelings.

_____ 3）Theyneedtobealonesometimes.Everynowandthen,especiallywhenunderstress,theyneedtoretreattotheir"cave"anddonotwanttobedisturbed.

_____ 4）Theyaregoal-orientedproblemssolvers.

_____ 5）Naturallyandcyclically,theirmoodsgothroughhighsandlows.

_____ 6）Theytendtousedramaticexpressionssuchas“youALWAYSforget”or“youNEVERlistentome”.

AccordingtorelationshipcounselorJohnGray,theauthorof MenAreFromMars,WomenAreFromVenus,theanswersare:

1）M 2）W 3）M 4）M 5）W 6）W

FeminineQualities vs. MasculineQualities

Directions:

 Workingroupstowriteineachcolumnasmanywordsasyoucanthatdescribefeminineormasculinequalities.

FeminineQualities

MasculineQualities

tender,weak,sensitive,shy,sympathetic,dependent,soft,gentle,caring,considerate,

delicate,tolerant,cautious,careful,timid,neatandclean

strong,brave,adventurous,independent,courageous,creative,bold,persistent,manipulative,confident,competent,dominating,vigorous

Theteachermaygiveallthewordstothestudentsrandomlyandaskthemtodividethemintofemininequalitiesandmasculinequalities.

PartTwoREADING-CENTEREDACTIVITIES

Pre-Reading

Sample:

Generallyspeaking,boysdobetterinchemistry,math,geographyandP.E.thangirlswhilegirlsdobetterinart,language,musicandhistorythanboys.

PassageReading

Words,PhrasesandGrammaticalPoints

1.Theword“develop”isusedfourtimesinthepassage.

“…thosestudentswhobecomeactiveclassroomparticipantsdevelopmorepositiveattitudesandgoontohigherachievement.”（l.20）

“…Americanboysdo,indeed,developreadingproblems…”（l.39）

“…anditisgirlswhodevelopreadingproblems.”（l.43）

“Insteadofbeingencouragedtodevelopintellectualcuriosityandphysicalskillsthatareusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld…”（l.50）

Moreexamples:

Shelaterdevelopedatasteforexpensivenightclubs.

Theirfriendshipdevelopedthroughtheirsharedinterestinthearts.

She’sdevelopedsomestrangehabitssinceshestartedlivingonherown.

2. …itwasobservedbyprofessorsandwomenstudentsalikethattheboyswere“takingover”theclassroomdiscussionsandthatactiveparticipationbywomenstudentshaddiminishednoticeably. （l.23）

Youuse“alike”aftermentioningtwoormorepeople,groups,orthingsinordertoemphasizethatyouarereferringtobothorallofthem.

Friendsandfamilyalikewereshockedbythenewsofhersuicide.

Itcausedconfusionamongalliesandadversariesalike.

3.Theselessonscarryoverfromthehometotheclassroom… （l. 53）

Thephrase“carryover”means“tocontinuetoexistorapplyinanewsituation”.

Hisrationaloutlookonsciencecarriedovertochildrearing.

 Post-Reading

ReadingComprehension

1.UnderstandingtheOrganizationoftheText

1）Introduction（Para.1）

Ithasbeenprovenrepeatedlythat thevarioustypesofbehavior,emotions,andintereststhat

constitutebeingmasculineandfemininearepatternedbybothheredityandculture.

2）Thereis aculturalbiasineducation thatfavorsboys overgirls.（Para.2-4）

Supportingevidence:

A.Teacherscalledonmalesinclassfarmorethanonfemalestudents.（Para.2）

i）Itsconsequence:

 Thishasatremendousimpactonthelearningprocess.

ii）Thereasonforthis:

Activeclassroomparticipants developmorepositiveattitudesandgo

ontohigherachievement.

iii）Twoexamples:

a.Inmanyoftheformerall-women’scolleges,theboys were“takingover”theclassroom

discussions andactiveparticipationbywomenstudentshaddiminishednoticeably.

b.Asimilarsubordinationoffemaletomalestudentshasalsobeenobserved inlawand medicalschoolclassrooms inrecentyears.

B.Teachersassignedboysandgirlsdifferenttasksaccordingto stereotypedgenderroles.

（Para. 3）

i）Itsconsequence:

Thispreventedgirlsfrom participatingasactivelyasboysinclass.

ii）Anexample:

At