通信技术概论新员工技术培训教材.docx
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通信技术概论新员工技术培训教材
通信技术概论
文思创新软件技术XX
第一章通信与通信系统概述............................................................................................................1
1.1信号与系统..........................................................................................................................2
1.1.1信号.................................................................................................................................2
1.1.2系统.................................................................................................................................3
1.2通信系统的组成及工作原理................................................................................................3
1.2.1信源.................................................................................................................................4
1.2.2发送变换器.....................................................................................................................4
1.2.3信道...........................................................................................................................4
1.2.4接收变换器......................................................................................................................5
1.2.5通信系统..........................................................................................................................5
1.3通信系统的分类................................................................................................................6
1.3.1按信源划分类............................................................................................................6
1.3.2按传输媒介分类.......................................................................................................7
1.3.3按传输信号的特征分类............................................................................................7
第二章信号的传输与交换...................................................................................................11
2.1模拟信号的调制与传输.....................................................................................................12
2.1.1线性调制(幅度调制)....................................................................................................12
2.1.2非线性调制(角度调制)................................................................................................13
2.1.3频分复用(FDM)............................................................................................................13
2.2模拟信号的数字化一一脉冲编码调制(PCM)..................................................................15
2.2.1模拟信号数字化的方法................................................................................................15
2.2.2时分复用....................................................................................................................18
2.2.3数字基带传输系统...............................................................................................22
2.2.4数字调制传输.............................................................................................................23
2.3数字信号的传输系统.......................................................................................................24
2.3.1有线传输系统...............................................................................................................24
2.3.2无线传输系统...............................................................................................................26
2.4信号交换.............................................................................................................................26
2.4.1交换机的分类...............................................................................................................38
2.4.2程控交换机的基本结构.................................................................................................40
2.4.3程控交换机的软件组成..................................................................................................42
2.4.4现代通信网中的信号交换..........................................................................................43
第三章光纤通信系统...............................................................................................................48
3.1光纤的结构与分类...........................................................................................................49
3.1.1光纤的结构.................................................................................................................49
3.1.2光纤的分类.............................................................................................................50
3.2光纤的传输特性..........................................................................................................52
3.2.1传输损耗..............................................................................................................52
3.2.2色散特性....................................................................................................52
3.3光缆的结构和种类...................................................................................................52
3.3.1缆芯..................................................................................................................53
3.3.2加强元件.......................................................................................................................53
3.3.3护套...............................................................................................................................53
3.4光纤通信系统的组成........................................................................................................53
3.4.1光纤通信系统的信号传递过程.......................................................................................54
3.4.2光纤通信设备的组成......................................................................................................54
3.4.3数字光纤通信系统的线路码型......................................................................................58
第四章通信网............................................................................................................................59
4.1通信网的种类.....................................................................................................................60
4.2通信网的拓扑结构.............................................................................................................60
4.2.1网型网...........................................................................................................................61
4.2.2星型网............................................................................................................................61
4.2.3复合型.............................................................................................................................61
4.2.4环型网和总线型网..........................................................................................................62
4.3通信网的分类.....................................................................................................................62
4.3.1按使用X围分类.............................................................................................................62
4.3.2按业务划分分类..............................................................................................................63
4.3.3按运营方式的划分分类..................................................................................................63
4.3.4按传输信号的形式分类..................................................................................................63
4.4综合业务数字网(ISDN)....................................................................................................64
4.4.1综合数字网(IDN).............................................................................................................64
4.4.2综合业务数字网的基本概念及特点................................................................................66
4.4.3ISDN的业务终端...........................................................................................................68
4.4.4ISDN的用户/网络接口..................................................................................................69
4.4.5ISDN交换机..................................................................................................................71
4.4.6宽带综合业务数字网(B-ISDN).......................................................................................73
第五章通信技术的发展方向..........................................................................................................79
5.1通信网的数字化..................................................................................................................80
5.2通信网的综合化..................................................................................................................80
5.2.1业务的综合.....................................................................................................................80
5.2.2传输与交换的综合..........................................................................................................81
5.2.3通信与计算机的综合....................................................................................................81
5.3通信网的宽带化..................................................................................................................81
5.3.1高速大容量的光传送网...................................................................................................81
5.3.2宽带通信网..................................................................................................................82
5.3.3宽带接入网.....................................................................................................................82
5.3.4宽带数据网互连技术....................................................................................................83
5.3.5异步转移模式ATM和B-ISDN...................................................................................83
5.4通信网的智能化..................................................................................................................83
5.5通信的个人化..............................................................................