医学英语词根词头.docx

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医学英语词根词头.docx

医学英语词根词头

 

医学英语词根词头

cardiacadj.心脏的

cardiomyopathyn.心肌病

cardiovascularadj.心血管的

cardiologyn.心脏病学

myocarditisn.心肌炎

electrocardiogramn.心电图

人体部位 EnglishLatin (拉丁语)Greek (希腊语)

静脉vein veno-  phlebo- 

胸chest pecto- thoraco-  

腹belly abdomino- ventro-

脊柱  backbonespino-spondylo-

脑braincerebro-encephalo-

头head capito- cephalo-

心 heart cordi- cardio-  

手hand mano-/manu-cheiro- 

血管 vesselvaso- angio-  

1.adren/o:

adrenalgland(肾上腺)

adrenal-al,pertainingto,肾上腺的

adrenaline-lin/line,substance,肾上腺素

adrenalitis-itis,inflammation,肾上腺素的

2.–ar:

pertainingto与……有关的

vascularvascul/o,bloodvessel.血管的

cellular细胞的

Molecular分子的,由分子组成的

3.bi/o:

life生命,生物

Biomedical生物化学的

biology-logy,thestudyof,生物,生物学

biophysical生物物理学

4.chrom/o,chromomat:

color颜色

chromosomes-somes,bodies,染色体

chromatin-in,substance,核染色质

5.crin/o:

secrete分泌

endocrinology内分泌学

crinogenicgen/o+ic,pertainingtotheproduction,促分泌的

crinology分泌学

6.–cyte:

cell细胞

erythrocyteerythr/o,red,红细胞

leukocyteleuk/o,white,白细胞

lymphocytelymph/o,lymph(淋巴)淋巴细胞

7.cyt/:

cell细胞

cytology细胞学

cytochemistry细胞化学

cytobiology细胞生物学

8.embry/o:

embryo(胚胎)

embryology胚胎学

embryoma-oma,tumor胚瘤

embryopathology胚胎病理学

pathology,thestudyofdisease,病理学

9.endo-:

inner内部的

endocrinology内分泌学

endocardinal心内膜的

endocellular细胞内的

10.hist/o:

tissue组织

histology组织学

Histopathology组织病理学

histotherapy组织疗法

hepat/o,liver肝脏

hepatitis,theinflammationofliver肝炎

vs.endo/crino/logy

gastr/o,stomach胃

enter/o,intestine肠

gastr/o/enter/o/logy肠胃病学

(1)…..炎:

theinflammationof…//-itis

hepatitis肝炎;hepat/o:

liver肝

arteritis动脉炎;arter/o:

artery动脉

vasculitis血管炎;vascul/o:

vas/o:

vessel血管

nephritis肾炎;nephr/o:

kidney肾

pancreatitis胰腺炎;pancreat/o:

pancreas胰腺

ovaritis;oophoritis卵巢炎;

pleuritis胸膜炎;pleur/o:

pleura胸膜

(2)..…术…operationof….

缝合术:

-orraphy

aneurysmorraphy(suture);动脉瘤缝术

aneurysm:

动脉瘤

切除术:

ectomy:

removal

pharyngectomy咽切除

appendectomy:

阑尾切除术

append/o:

appendic/o:

appendix阑尾

固定术:

-pexy:

fixing

rectopexy直肠固定术

rect/o:

rectum直肌

3)方位/时间方面的词缀

上:

upper//superior;epi-;supra-

epithelium上皮组织;

下:

lower//inferior;infra-;sub-

subcutaneous皮下的;cutane/o:

skin

前:

front//anterior//prior//fore-;ante-;pre-;antero-

forehead前额;anteroposterior前后的

precirrhosis前期肝硬化;cirrh/o:

orange硬变

后:

back//posterior//post-;retro-

postheptical肝后的;heptic/o:

liver;

retrocardiac心后的;cardi/o:

heart

内:

inner//internal//in-;endo-;ento-;entro-;intro-;

inhale,inhalation吸入

endoscopy内窥镜检;-scopy:

visualexam

外:

outer//external//ex-;exo-;ultra-;extra-;

extract抽出;exhale呼出

excretion排泄物;exocardial心外的

间:

inter-;between;

intermuscular肌肉间的;

常见药物词缀:

-cillin青霉素类药物

阿莫西林(羟氨苄青霉素)amoxicillin片剂、胶囊剂

氨苄西林钠(氨苄青霉素)ampicillinsodium注射剂

羧苄青霉素钠carbencillin

双氯青霉素dicloxacillin

Cef-头孢类药物

头孢氨苄cefalexin

头孢羟氨苄cefadroxil

头孢克洛Cefaclor

头孢吡肟Cefepime

头孢丙烯Cefprozil

头孢拉定cephradine

1.a-,an-not/withoutasymptomatic

anemia(-emia,blood)

amorphous

2.ana-apart分离anatomy

analysis(-lysis,separation/breakdown)

analyst(-yst=ist,specialist)

3.angio-vessels血管angiogram(-gram,record)

angioplasty(-plasty,surgicalrepair)

angitis(-itis,inflammation)

4.anti-against反对antibody(body,substance)

antigen(asubstance,)

5.-arypertainingtopulmonary(pulm/o,thelungs)

urinary(urin/o,urine)

6.de-lackof/down/lossdeficiency

degeneration

deoxyribonucleic

7.dia-complete,crossthroughdiagnosis(gnos/o,knowlege)

dialysis

diameter(-meter,instrumentofmeasurement)

8.electr/oelectricity电electrocardiograph

(-graph,aninstrumentofrecording)

electromyogram(my/o,muscle;

-gram,record)

electroencephalogram

(encephal/o,brain)

9.en-in,withinendemic(dem/o,people),

enclose

engulf

10.gnos/oknowledgeagnostic

Prognosis

常见的医学英语词缀

(1)…痛…headache,stomachache

….thepainof;ache,-algia;-agra;-dynia

neuralgia神经痛;neur/o:

nerve(神经);

gastralgia胃痛;gastr/o:

gaster,stomach(胃)

arthralgia关节痛;arthr/o:

joint(关节)

abdominalgia腹痛;abdomin/o:

abdomen(腹部)

(2).与检查有关的词缀

镜检:

-scopy镜检法;-scope镜;gastroscopy胃镜法;

量具:

-meter:

instrumentformeasuring(测量仪);cardiometer心力计;thermometer温度计

心电图:

electrocardiogram=ECG;(electrocardiograph心电图仪)脑电图:

electroencephalogram=EEG

B超:

typeBultrasonicCT:

computerizedtomography计算机x射线断层尿检:

urineanalysis血常规:

bloodroutine

(3)其他词缀

怕,畏惧–phobia:

fear;photophobia畏光,phot/o:

light

困难dys-:

bad,difficulty

dysfunction功能障碍;dyspepsia消化不良

dyspnea呼吸困难,-pnea:

breathing

不良mal-:

bad

malnutrition营养不良;malpractice事故

malfunction机能障;malignant恶性的;maladministration管理不善

好,正,eu-:

good;eugenic优生的adj.

eugenics优生学;gen/o:

producing(生产)

euthanasia安乐死;-thanasia:

death(死)

瘤,肿块–oma:

tumor;cancer;swelling

lymphoma淋巴瘤;hematoma血肿

血症–emia:

bloodcondition

leukemia白血病;septicemia败血症

高:

hyper-:

high,above;

hyperdynamia:

肌力过度;(dynam/o:

power,force:

dynamicadj.)

hypertension高血压(highbloodpressure)

低:

hypo-;low;below

hypotonia张力/压力过低

hypotension(lowbloodpressure)低血压

hyposensitiveadj.弱敏的

疗法:

-therapy

radiotherapy放疗;radiotherapist(放疗专家)

chemotherapy化疗

physiotherapy理疗

psychotherapy心理疗法

therapist治疗师

无,没有a-an-:

without

atypical非典型性的

asexual无性的

asymptomatic无症状的

anemia贫血

anorexia厌食症orex/o:

appetite

anesthesia麻醉(感觉缺失:

esthesi/o:

feeling,perception)

elasticityn.弹性,弹力

feebleadj.虚弱的,衰弱的,无力的

sagvi.松弛

sensoryadj.感官的,感觉的,知觉的

squeezev.挤;榨;捏

staminan.精力;耐力,韧劲

tautadj.紧的,绷紧的

Transitoryadj.短暂的,转瞬即逝的

wreakvt.施行(暴力);发(脾气);报仇

wrinkledadj.有皱纹的

前缀意思例子定义的例子

olig/ofew,scantyoligomenorrheaascantymenstrualflow(men/o)经量异常

pan-allpanacearemedythatcuresallills;acure-all治百病的药

super-*above,excesssupernumeraryinexcessnumber超过数量

equi-equal,sameequilateralhavingequalsides等边的,等面的

hetero-other,different,heterosexualpertainingtotheoppositesex异性恋的;

homo-,same,maintainingaconstantbodytemperature

homeo-unchanginghomothermic保持一个恒定的体温;warmblooded恒温的

iso-equal,sameisograftgraftbetweentwogeneticallyidentical

individuals同基因移植物

macro-large,macrocyteextremelylargeredbloodcell大红细胞

abnormallylarge

mega-,*large;

megaloabnormallylargemegabladderenlargementofthebladder膀胱扩张

micro-smallmicroscopicextremelysmall;visibleonly

throughamicroscope显微镜的

neo-newneonateanewborninfant新生儿[哺乳物]

normonormalnormovolemianormalbloodvolume血量正常

orthostraight,correct,orthoticCorrectingorprevcntingdeformities矫正的

upright

poikilo-varied(杂色的);poikiloderma皮肤异色病

irregular

pseudo-falsepseudoplegiafalseparalysis(suffix-plegia)假麻

痹,假瘫

re-again;backregurgitationbackwardorreturnflow,asofblood

orstomachcontents回流;反刍

dextr/orightdextrocardialocationoftheheart(cardi/o)inth

右位心erightsideofthechest

sinistr/oleftsinistradtowardtheleft向左

ecto-out;outsideectodermoutermostlayerofthedeveloping

ec-,embryo外胚层

ex/oawayfrom;outsideexcisetocutout切除,删去

end/o-in;withinendoscopedeviceforviewingtheinsideofacavityor

organ内窥镜

mes/omiddlemesencephalonmidbrain中脑

syn-,togethersynapseajunctionbetweentwonervecells(神

sym-经元的)突触

tel/e-,endtelangionaterminalvessel(rootangi/o)

tel/o-终动脉

与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀

•病patho-

•Pathogen(病原体)/pathology(病理学)/pathogenesis (发病机理/发病原)

•疗法-pathy,-pathic

•neuropathy神经病变/nephropathy(肾病)/adrenopathy (肾上腺病)

•病态–osis,-otic

•neurosis(神经症;神经衰弱症)/tuberculosis(肺结核)/schistosomiasis (血吸虫病)

•增多leukocytosis/granulocytosis (粒细胞增多)

•减少–penia,-penic

•leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia(红细胞减少)/granulocytopenia (粒细胞减少)

•小/微-let

•droplet(小滴)/platelet(血小板)/leaflet(小叶) 

•复合/多poly-

•polyuria(多尿症)/polymer聚合物/polyopia 视物显多症

•全/泛pan-

•pancolectomy全结肠切除术 /panmyelosis全骨髓增生/pandemic全国流行的(疾病) 

•相反dis-

•disease(疾病,不健康)/disorder(失调)/disability(不健全,残疾) 

•困难/障碍dys-

•dysfunction(功能紊乱)//dyspepsia消化不良;胃弱/dyspnea (呼吸困难)

•不良mal-

•malfunction(故障,失灵)/malnutrition(营养不良)/malpractice(玩忽职守,不良行为) 

•炎症-itis

•appendicitis(阑尾炎)/bronchitis(支气管炎)/arthritis (关节炎)

•瘤/块-oma

•lymphoma(淋巴瘤)/adenoma腺瘤/hematoma 血肿

•血症-emia

leukemia白血病/septicemia败血病/bacteremia菌血症

痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-

•analgesia止痛;无痛法/hypoalgesia痛觉减退/ algometer痛觉测验计

•麻痹-plegia

•hemiplegia(偏瘫)/pamplegia(全瘫)/myoplegia (肌瘫痪)

 

•流出–rrhea

•Diarrhea(腹泻)/hypermenorrhea(月经过多)/rhinorrhea (流鼻涕)

•坏死–necrosis,necro-/necr-

•hepatonecrosis(肝坏死)/myonecrosis(肌坏死)/necrospermia (死精症)

•结石litho-/-lith

•lithiasis结石病/lithogenesis(结石形成)/cholelithes  胆结石

3.与方位有关的前缀

上upper/superior:

epi-/supra-

•epidemic(流行病)/epithelium(上皮细胞)/supracostal (肋上的;肋外的)

•下lower/inferior:

infra-/sub-

•infracostal肋骨下的/subclavicular(锁骨下的)/subcutaneous (皮下的)

•前front/anterior/prior:

fore-/ante-/pre-

•Forehead前额/anteroposterior前后的/precirrhosis(前期肝硬变) 

•后back/posterior:

post-/retro-

•Posthepatic肝后的/postprandial餐后的/retrocardiac 心脏后的

•内inner/internal:

in-/endo-/ento-

•Inhalation吸入/endoscopy内窥镜检查/entocranial【解剖学】颅内的

外outer/external:

ex-/exo-

extract取出/excretion(排泄,分泌物)

 

间between:

inter-

Intermuscular(肌间的)/intercostal (肋间部分)

旁/副onthesideof:

para-

Parathyroid(甲状旁腺的)/paraprotein(病变蛋白,副蛋白)/pararenal 肾旁的

周,围around:

peri-

•Perioperative(围手术期的)/pericarditis心包炎/peritoneum腹膜 

中心central:

centri-/centra-/centro-

centrifugation离心分离/centralize集中地/centronucleus 中心核 

反/对opposite:

counter-/contra-

Counterpart(副本)/countershock对抗休克/contraindication 禁忌症

注:

invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内;insitu/in’saitju:

/原位 

4.与外科手术有关

•切除:

-ectomy

Appendectomy阑尾切除术/gastrectomy胃切除术/splenectomy脾切除术 

切开:

-tomy

Tracheotomy气管切开术/hysterotomy子宫切开术/craniotomy 穿颅术;颅骨切开术

 

切(割):

-tome

•tracheotome气管切开刀/thoracotome 开胸刀

•吻合–stomy

•gastroesophagostomy 胃

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