医学英语词根词头.docx
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医学英语词根词头
医学英语词根词头
cardiacadj.心脏的
cardiomyopathyn.心肌病
cardiovascularadj.心血管的
cardiologyn.心脏病学
myocarditisn.心肌炎
electrocardiogramn.心电图
人体部位 EnglishLatin (拉丁语)Greek (希腊语)
静脉vein veno- phlebo-
胸chest pecto- thoraco-
腹belly abdomino- ventro-
脊柱 backbonespino-spondylo-
脑braincerebro-encephalo-
头head capito- cephalo-
心 heart cordi- cardio-
手hand mano-/manu-cheiro-
血管 vesselvaso- angio-
1.adren/o:
adrenalgland(肾上腺)
adrenal-al,pertainingto,肾上腺的
adrenaline-lin/line,substance,肾上腺素
adrenalitis-itis,inflammation,肾上腺素的
2.–ar:
pertainingto与……有关的
vascularvascul/o,bloodvessel.血管的
cellular细胞的
Molecular分子的,由分子组成的
3.bi/o:
life生命,生物
Biomedical生物化学的
biology-logy,thestudyof,生物,生物学
biophysical生物物理学
4.chrom/o,chromomat:
color颜色
chromosomes-somes,bodies,染色体
chromatin-in,substance,核染色质
5.crin/o:
secrete分泌
endocrinology内分泌学
crinogenicgen/o+ic,pertainingtotheproduction,促分泌的
crinology分泌学
6.–cyte:
cell细胞
erythrocyteerythr/o,red,红细胞
leukocyteleuk/o,white,白细胞
lymphocytelymph/o,lymph(淋巴)淋巴细胞
7.cyt/:
cell细胞
cytology细胞学
cytochemistry细胞化学
cytobiology细胞生物学
8.embry/o:
embryo(胚胎)
embryology胚胎学
embryoma-oma,tumor胚瘤
embryopathology胚胎病理学
pathology,thestudyofdisease,病理学
9.endo-:
inner内部的
endocrinology内分泌学
endocardinal心内膜的
endocellular细胞内的
10.hist/o:
tissue组织
histology组织学
Histopathology组织病理学
histotherapy组织疗法
hepat/o,liver肝脏
hepatitis,theinflammationofliver肝炎
vs.endo/crino/logy
gastr/o,stomach胃
enter/o,intestine肠
gastr/o/enter/o/logy肠胃病学
(1)…..炎:
theinflammationof…//-itis
hepatitis肝炎;hepat/o:
liver肝
arteritis动脉炎;arter/o:
artery动脉
vasculitis血管炎;vascul/o:
vas/o:
vessel血管
nephritis肾炎;nephr/o:
kidney肾
pancreatitis胰腺炎;pancreat/o:
pancreas胰腺
ovaritis;oophoritis卵巢炎;
pleuritis胸膜炎;pleur/o:
pleura胸膜
(2)..…术…operationof….
缝合术:
-orraphy
aneurysmorraphy(suture);动脉瘤缝术
aneurysm:
动脉瘤
切除术:
ectomy:
removal
pharyngectomy咽切除
appendectomy:
阑尾切除术
append/o:
appendic/o:
appendix阑尾
固定术:
-pexy:
fixing
rectopexy直肠固定术
rect/o:
rectum直肌
3)方位/时间方面的词缀
上:
upper//superior;epi-;supra-
epithelium上皮组织;
下:
lower//inferior;infra-;sub-
subcutaneous皮下的;cutane/o:
skin
前:
front//anterior//prior//fore-;ante-;pre-;antero-
forehead前额;anteroposterior前后的
precirrhosis前期肝硬化;cirrh/o:
orange硬变
后:
back//posterior//post-;retro-
postheptical肝后的;heptic/o:
liver;
retrocardiac心后的;cardi/o:
heart
内:
inner//internal//in-;endo-;ento-;entro-;intro-;
inhale,inhalation吸入
endoscopy内窥镜检;-scopy:
visualexam
外:
outer//external//ex-;exo-;ultra-;extra-;
extract抽出;exhale呼出
excretion排泄物;exocardial心外的
间:
inter-;between;
intermuscular肌肉间的;
常见药物词缀:
-cillin青霉素类药物
阿莫西林(羟氨苄青霉素)amoxicillin片剂、胶囊剂
氨苄西林钠(氨苄青霉素)ampicillinsodium注射剂
羧苄青霉素钠carbencillin
双氯青霉素dicloxacillin
Cef-头孢类药物
头孢氨苄cefalexin
头孢羟氨苄cefadroxil
头孢克洛Cefaclor
头孢吡肟Cefepime
头孢丙烯Cefprozil
头孢拉定cephradine
1.a-,an-not/withoutasymptomatic
anemia(-emia,blood)
amorphous
2.ana-apart分离anatomy
analysis(-lysis,separation/breakdown)
analyst(-yst=ist,specialist)
3.angio-vessels血管angiogram(-gram,record)
angioplasty(-plasty,surgicalrepair)
angitis(-itis,inflammation)
4.anti-against反对antibody(body,substance)
antigen(asubstance,)
5.-arypertainingtopulmonary(pulm/o,thelungs)
urinary(urin/o,urine)
6.de-lackof/down/lossdeficiency
degeneration
deoxyribonucleic
7.dia-complete,crossthroughdiagnosis(gnos/o,knowlege)
dialysis
diameter(-meter,instrumentofmeasurement)
8.electr/oelectricity电electrocardiograph
(-graph,aninstrumentofrecording)
electromyogram(my/o,muscle;
-gram,record)
electroencephalogram
(encephal/o,brain)
9.en-in,withinendemic(dem/o,people),
enclose
engulf
10.gnos/oknowledgeagnostic
Prognosis
常见的医学英语词缀
(1)…痛…headache,stomachache
….thepainof;ache,-algia;-agra;-dynia
neuralgia神经痛;neur/o:
nerve(神经);
gastralgia胃痛;gastr/o:
gaster,stomach(胃)
arthralgia关节痛;arthr/o:
joint(关节)
abdominalgia腹痛;abdomin/o:
abdomen(腹部)
(2).与检查有关的词缀
镜检:
-scopy镜检法;-scope镜;gastroscopy胃镜法;
量具:
-meter:
instrumentformeasuring(测量仪);cardiometer心力计;thermometer温度计
心电图:
electrocardiogram=ECG;(electrocardiograph心电图仪)脑电图:
electroencephalogram=EEG
B超:
typeBultrasonicCT:
computerizedtomography计算机x射线断层尿检:
urineanalysis血常规:
bloodroutine
(3)其他词缀
怕,畏惧–phobia:
fear;photophobia畏光,phot/o:
light
困难dys-:
bad,difficulty
dysfunction功能障碍;dyspepsia消化不良
dyspnea呼吸困难,-pnea:
breathing
不良mal-:
bad
malnutrition营养不良;malpractice事故
malfunction机能障;malignant恶性的;maladministration管理不善
好,正,eu-:
good;eugenic优生的adj.
eugenics优生学;gen/o:
producing(生产)
euthanasia安乐死;-thanasia:
death(死)
瘤,肿块–oma:
tumor;cancer;swelling
lymphoma淋巴瘤;hematoma血肿
血症–emia:
bloodcondition
leukemia白血病;septicemia败血症
高:
hyper-:
high,above;
hyperdynamia:
肌力过度;(dynam/o:
power,force:
dynamicadj.)
hypertension高血压(highbloodpressure)
低:
hypo-;low;below
hypotonia张力/压力过低
hypotension(lowbloodpressure)低血压
hyposensitiveadj.弱敏的
疗法:
-therapy
radiotherapy放疗;radiotherapist(放疗专家)
chemotherapy化疗
physiotherapy理疗
psychotherapy心理疗法
therapist治疗师
无,没有a-an-:
without
atypical非典型性的
asexual无性的
asymptomatic无症状的
anemia贫血
anorexia厌食症orex/o:
appetite
anesthesia麻醉(感觉缺失:
esthesi/o:
feeling,perception)
elasticityn.弹性,弹力
feebleadj.虚弱的,衰弱的,无力的
sagvi.松弛
sensoryadj.感官的,感觉的,知觉的
squeezev.挤;榨;捏
staminan.精力;耐力,韧劲
tautadj.紧的,绷紧的
Transitoryadj.短暂的,转瞬即逝的
wreakvt.施行(暴力);发(脾气);报仇
wrinkledadj.有皱纹的
前缀意思例子定义的例子
olig/ofew,scantyoligomenorrheaascantymenstrualflow(men/o)经量异常
pan-allpanacearemedythatcuresallills;acure-all治百病的药
super-*above,excesssupernumeraryinexcessnumber超过数量
equi-equal,sameequilateralhavingequalsides等边的,等面的
hetero-other,different,heterosexualpertainingtotheoppositesex异性恋的;
homo-,same,maintainingaconstantbodytemperature
homeo-unchanginghomothermic保持一个恒定的体温;warmblooded恒温的
iso-equal,sameisograftgraftbetweentwogeneticallyidentical
individuals同基因移植物
macro-large,macrocyteextremelylargeredbloodcell大红细胞
abnormallylarge
mega-,*large;
megaloabnormallylargemegabladderenlargementofthebladder膀胱扩张
micro-smallmicroscopicextremelysmall;visibleonly
throughamicroscope显微镜的
neo-newneonateanewborninfant新生儿[哺乳物]
normonormalnormovolemianormalbloodvolume血量正常
orthostraight,correct,orthoticCorrectingorprevcntingdeformities矫正的
upright
poikilo-varied(杂色的);poikiloderma皮肤异色病
irregular
pseudo-falsepseudoplegiafalseparalysis(suffix-plegia)假麻
痹,假瘫
re-again;backregurgitationbackwardorreturnflow,asofblood
orstomachcontents回流;反刍
dextr/orightdextrocardialocationoftheheart(cardi/o)inth
右位心erightsideofthechest
sinistr/oleftsinistradtowardtheleft向左
ecto-out;outsideectodermoutermostlayerofthedeveloping
ec-,embryo外胚层
ex/oawayfrom;outsideexcisetocutout切除,删去
end/o-in;withinendoscopedeviceforviewingtheinsideofacavityor
organ内窥镜
mes/omiddlemesencephalonmidbrain中脑
syn-,togethersynapseajunctionbetweentwonervecells(神
sym-经元的)突触
tel/e-,endtelangionaterminalvessel(rootangi/o)
tel/o-终动脉
与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀
•病patho-
•Pathogen(病原体)/pathology(病理学)/pathogenesis (发病机理/发病原)
•疗法-pathy,-pathic
•neuropathy神经病变/nephropathy(肾病)/adrenopathy (肾上腺病)
•病态–osis,-otic
•neurosis(神经症;神经衰弱症)/tuberculosis(肺结核)/schistosomiasis (血吸虫病)
•增多leukocytosis/granulocytosis (粒细胞增多)
•减少–penia,-penic
•leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia(红细胞减少)/granulocytopenia (粒细胞减少)
•小/微-let
•droplet(小滴)/platelet(血小板)/leaflet(小叶)
•复合/多poly-
•polyuria(多尿症)/polymer聚合物/polyopia 视物显多症
•全/泛pan-
•pancolectomy全结肠切除术 /panmyelosis全骨髓增生/pandemic全国流行的(疾病)
•相反dis-
•disease(疾病,不健康)/disorder(失调)/disability(不健全,残疾)
•困难/障碍dys-
•dysfunction(功能紊乱)//dyspepsia消化不良;胃弱/dyspnea (呼吸困难)
•不良mal-
•malfunction(故障,失灵)/malnutrition(营养不良)/malpractice(玩忽职守,不良行为)
•炎症-itis
•appendicitis(阑尾炎)/bronchitis(支气管炎)/arthritis (关节炎)
•瘤/块-oma
•lymphoma(淋巴瘤)/adenoma腺瘤/hematoma 血肿
•血症-emia
leukemia白血病/septicemia败血病/bacteremia菌血症
痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-
•analgesia止痛;无痛法/hypoalgesia痛觉减退/ algometer痛觉测验计
•麻痹-plegia
•hemiplegia(偏瘫)/pamplegia(全瘫)/myoplegia (肌瘫痪)
•流出–rrhea
•Diarrhea(腹泻)/hypermenorrhea(月经过多)/rhinorrhea (流鼻涕)
•坏死–necrosis,necro-/necr-
•hepatonecrosis(肝坏死)/myonecrosis(肌坏死)/necrospermia (死精症)
•结石litho-/-lith
•lithiasis结石病/lithogenesis(结石形成)/cholelithes 胆结石
3.与方位有关的前缀
上upper/superior:
epi-/supra-
•epidemic(流行病)/epithelium(上皮细胞)/supracostal (肋上的;肋外的)
•下lower/inferior:
infra-/sub-
•infracostal肋骨下的/subclavicular(锁骨下的)/subcutaneous (皮下的)
•前front/anterior/prior:
fore-/ante-/pre-
•Forehead前额/anteroposterior前后的/precirrhosis(前期肝硬变)
•后back/posterior:
post-/retro-
•Posthepatic肝后的/postprandial餐后的/retrocardiac 心脏后的
•内inner/internal:
in-/endo-/ento-
•Inhalation吸入/endoscopy内窥镜检查/entocranial【解剖学】颅内的
外outer/external:
ex-/exo-
extract取出/excretion(排泄,分泌物)
间between:
inter-
Intermuscular(肌间的)/intercostal (肋间部分)
旁/副onthesideof:
para-
Parathyroid(甲状旁腺的)/paraprotein(病变蛋白,副蛋白)/pararenal 肾旁的
周,围around:
peri-
•Perioperative(围手术期的)/pericarditis心包炎/peritoneum腹膜
中心central:
centri-/centra-/centro-
centrifugation离心分离/centralize集中地/centronucleus 中心核
反/对opposite:
counter-/contra-
Counterpart(副本)/countershock对抗休克/contraindication 禁忌症
注:
invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内;insitu/in’saitju:
/原位
4.与外科手术有关
•切除:
-ectomy
Appendectomy阑尾切除术/gastrectomy胃切除术/splenectomy脾切除术
切开:
-tomy
Tracheotomy气管切开术/hysterotomy子宫切开术/craniotomy 穿颅术;颅骨切开术
切(割):
-tome
•tracheotome气管切开刀/thoracotome 开胸刀
•吻合–stomy
•gastroesophagostomy 胃