第二部分第九讲并列句和状语从句.docx
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第二部分第九讲并列句和状语从句
第九讲 并列句和状语从句
一、并列连词和并列句
常见并列连词
表示并
列关系
and(和,同,又),both...and...(两者都……),aswellas(也,同)
表示选
择关系
or/orelse(否则),otherwise(否则),either...or...(或者……或者……),not...but...(不是……而是……)
表示递
进关系
and(而且),notonly...butalso...(不但……而且……),neither...nor...(既不……也不……)
表示转
折关系
but(但是),yet(然而),still(仍然),however(然而),nevertheless(尽管如此)
表示因
果关系
so(所以),for(因为)
表示对
比关系
while(而)
温馨提醒
although/though
不能与but连用,但可以和yet,still连用。
Although/Thoughwehavegrownup,ourparentsstilltreatusaschildren.=Wehavegrownup,butourparentsstilltreatusaschildren.
①(2014·高考辽宁卷)However,ifyouregularlyusethebathroomatthisplace,thenyouareacustomer,andyoushouldactlikeone.
然而,如果你经常性地使用这个地方的洗手间,那么你就是一个顾客,并且你应该做出顾客的样子。
②(2014·高考湖南卷)Shewouldstarteitheratthefrontorthebackoftheclassroomandworktowardtheotherend.
她不是从教室的前面,就是从教室的后面开始提问,直到另一头。
③(2014·高考大纲全国卷)Thatfamilynotonlyrestoredtheimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.
那个家庭在那天不仅归还了我们那份重要的文档,还让我们重新拥有了对人的信心和信任。
④(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)IwasgladtomeetJennyagain,butIdidn’twanttospendalldaywithher.很高兴又见到Jenny了,但是我不想花一整天时间和她在一起。
⑤(2015·苏州高三模拟)Yesterday,Iforgottopickmysonup,sohewaitedinthekindergartenfornearlytwohours.
昨天我忘记去接我的儿子了,因此他在幼儿园等了几乎两个小时。
⑥Atschool,somestudentsareactivewhilesomeareshy,yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.
在学校,有些学生是活跃的而有些学生是害羞的,但是他们可以成为彼此的好朋友。
二、时间状语从句
1.when,while和as引导的时间状语从句
when
从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。
从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。
作并列连词,意为“那时,这时”,常用于beabouttodo...when...;bedoing...when...;hadjustdone...when...;beonthepointofdoing...when...等结构中。
while
从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,强调一段时间,从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。
表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。
while作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。
as
从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行,可译为“一边……,一边……;随着……”,从句谓语一般为延续性动词。
①(2014·高考大纲全国卷)Bankshaszeroabilitywhenitcomestodealingwithgirls.
当对付这些女孩时,Banks没有任何办法。
②Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.
别人在工作时,别高声谈话。
③OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendawaywhenmydaughterheardcriesforhelp.
一个周五,我们正在打包动身去过周末,就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。
2.before与since引导的时间状语从句
(1)before与since的常用句式
连词
词义
常用句式
before
在……之前;还未……就……;
才……;还没来得及……就……
Itwill(not)be+一段时间+before...(没有)过……时间才……
Itwasnotlongbefore...
不久……就……
Itwas+一段时间+before...过了……才……
since
自从……以来
Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since...(从句用一般过去时)
Itwas+一段时间+since...(从句用过去完成时)
(2)since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词,所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起;若用延续性动词或状态动词,所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。
①(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Butheisnotcontenttosimplyrecordthesevoicesbeforetheydisappearwithoutrecord.但他不满足于简单地在这些东西消失之前把他们录制下来。
②Asisreported,itisover100yearssinceQinghuaUniversitywasfounded.
据报道,自清华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。
③Johnthinksitwon’tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。
3.表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句
(1)assoonas;immediately;directly;instantly;themoment/minute/instant;nosooner...than...;hardly...when...
(2)hardly...when...;nosooner...than...中主句用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时;当hardly和nosooner位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。
①Ihadhardlygottotheofficewhenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.
我刚到办公室,我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。
②Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.
=Nosoonerhadhefinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.
他刚结束演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。
③ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。
④Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭起来。
4.引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词
(1)until与till引导的时间状语从句
until/till意为“直到……时”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。
当主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时,主句常用否定形式,意为“直到……才”。
(2)every/eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,whenever等引导的时间状语从句
(3)bythetime引导时间状语从句时,从句用一般现在时,主句用将来完成时;从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。
①Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.每当我们遇到困难,他们就来帮忙。
②Bythetimeyoucomeback,wewillhavefinishedthejob.当你回来的时候,我们将已经完成这项工作了。
三、让步状语从句
让步
状语
从句
although;though;evenif/though(即使);whether...or(not)...(不管……还是……);while(尽管);疑问词+ever/=nomatter+疑问词(不管……;无论……)
①Althoughregularexerciseisveryimportant,it’sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.
②WhileIalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.
温
馨
提
醒
(1)although引导让步状语从句时,只能用正常语序,though在引导让步状语从句时可用正常语序,也可用倒装语序。
as引导让步状语从句须用倒装。
①Tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.
②(2014·高考江苏卷)Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,thoughhistorycannotbechanged.
(2)though还可作副词单独置于句末,意为“但是,可是不过”。
It’shardwork,Ienjoyitthough.
(3)whoever,whatever,
whomever,whichever
还可以引导名词性从句。
Thegovernmenthaspromisedtodowhateverhelpstosolvetheproblemofunemployment.
四、条件状语从句、原因状语从句与地点状语从句
从句
类型
引导词
例句
条件
状语
从句
if;unless(除非,如果不);so(as)longas(只要);once;incase(万一);onconditionthat(条件是);supposing/suppose(that)(假设;如果);provided/providing(that)(如果)
①(2014·高考大纲全国卷)Unlesssomeextramoneyisfound,thetheatrewillclose.
②(2014·高考广东卷)Aslongasthereiskindnessandvirtue,theworldwillbecomemorebeautiful.
③Oncetheydecidewhichcollegetogoto,studentsshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures.
原因
状语
从句
because;since;as;now(that);seeing/considering(that)(考虑到;既然)
①—Mum,couldIgoouttoplaynow?
—Letmesee...Yes,sinceyouhavefinishedallyourschoolassignments.
②As/Nowthateverybodyishere,let’sbeginourdiscussion.
③Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.
地点
状语
从句
where;wherever
①Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.
②Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
③Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.(地点状语从句)
④Makeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.(定语从句)
五、目的状语从句、结果状语从句与方式状语从句
从句
类型
引导词
例句
目的
状语
从句
sothat;inorderthat;incase(以防);forfearthat(唯恐,以免)
①Speakloudersothat/inorderthatthepeopleinthehallcanhearyou.
②Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeincase/forfearthathisfathershouldseehim.
结果
状语
从句
sothat;so...
that;such...that
①ThelittleboysavedeverycoinsothathecouldbuyhismotherapresentonMother’sDay.
②Jackissohonestaworker/suchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.
③Hegotsolittlemoneythathisfamilyhadtoliveonwelfare.
方式
状语
从句
asif/though,as
①Thehousewasgreatlydamagedbythetruck.We’dbetterleavethingsastheyareuntilthepolicearrive.
②Theoldmantreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.
[学生用书P289])
Ⅰ.用适当的从属连词填空
1.(2014·高考湖南卷)Youwillnevergainsuccess____________youarefullydevotedtoyourwork.
答案:
unless
2.(2014·高考天津卷)____________youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.
答案:
Once
3.(2014·高考安徽卷)Themeaningoftheword“nice”changedafewtimes____________itfinallycametoincludethesense“pleasant”.
答案:
before
4.(2013·高考北京卷)Itookmydrivinglicensewithmeonholiday,____________Iwantedtohireacar.
答案:
incase
5.(2013·高考山东卷)MarkneedstolearnChinese____________hiscompanyisopeningabranchinBeijing.
答案:
since
6.(2013·高考福建卷)Anyone,____________testedpositiveforH7N9fluvirus,willreceivefreemedicaltreatmentfromourgovernment.
答案:
once
7.(2013·高考山东卷)____________Ihavetogiveaspeech,IgetextremelynervousbeforeIstart.
答案:
Whenever
8.(2013·高考辽宁卷)Onecanalwaysmanagetodomorethings,nomatter____________fullone’sscheduleisinlife.
答案:
how
9.(2013·高考江苏卷)Intheglobaleconomy,anewdrugforcancer,____________itisdiscovered,willcreatemanyeconomicpossibilitiesaroundtheworld.
答案:
wherever
10.(2013·高考重庆卷)____________wehaveenoughevidence,wecan’twinthecase.
答案:
Unless
11.Itwillnotbelong____________yougetaccustomedtodrivingontheleftsideoftheroadinBritain.
答案:
before
12.Primaryschoolpupil____________sheis,sheisabletofindthesolutiontothecomplicatedmathsproblem.
答案:
as
13.CanIhaveyournameandyourtelephonenumber____________wecantouchyouwhenwehavenews?
答案:
sothat
14.____________possible,rideyourbiketosavesomegasandreducethecarbonfootprint.
答案:
Whenever
15.—Doyouhavethetime?
I’vegotsomethingtotellyou.
—OK,____________youmakeyourstoryshort.
答案:
solongas
16.____________youhavegotajob,youshouldlearntobeindependentofyourparents.
答案:
Since/Nowthat
17.____________muchadviceIgaveher,shedidwhatshewantedtodo.
答案:
However
18.Mydaughterstaredatme,angrily,____________Iwereherwickedstepmother.
答案:
asif
19.DuringtheSpringFestival,therewaslessairpollution____________fireworkswereforbidden.
答案:
where
20.Itwasthelate1930s____________J.R.R.TolkienbegantowritetheopeningchaptersofTheLordoftheRings.
答案:
when
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Hecontinuedwithhisreadingevenifnothingimportanthadhappened.
________________________________________________________________________
答案:
evenif—asif/though
2.Ifindithardtoworkathomebecauseoftherearetoomanydistractions.
________________________________________________________________________
答案:
becauseof—because
3.Whatevercolditwas,heneverstoppedtakingoutdoorexercise.
________________________________________________________________________
答案:
Whatever—However
4.Nowwhentheproblemhasbeenidentified,appropriateactioncanbetaken.
________________________________________________________________________
答案:
Nowwhen—Nowthat
5.Childalthoughheis,heknowsalot.
________________________________________________________________________
答案:
although—as
6.Itwillbelongtimesincewemeetthemagain.
________________________________________________________________________
答案:
since—before
7.Theydidnotstopfightingsincetherewasnoenemyleft.
________________________________________________________________________
答案:
since—until
8.Iwasabouttoleavemyhouseasthephonerang.
___________________________________________________________________