行业环境评价马其顿.docx

行业环境评价马其顿.docx

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行业环境评价马其顿

Draftforpublicconsultation

REPUBLICOFMACEDONIA

RegionalandLocalRoadsProgramSupportProject

SECTORALENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT

Vol.I.Text

Msc.MagdalenaTrajkovskaTrpevska,EnvironmentalConsultant

SKOPJE

January18,2008

ABBREVIATIONSANDACRONYMS

AE（MoEPP）

AdministrationregardingEnvironmentwithinMoEPP

DMEIA

DivisionforMonitoringandEnvironmentalImpactAssessment

EA

EnvironmentalAssessment

EAMF

EnvironmentalAssessmentandManagementFramework

EC

EuropeanCommission

EIA

EnvironmentalImpactAssessment

EMP

EnvironmentalManagementPlan

EU

EuropeanUnion

FNRR

FundforNationalandRegionalRoads

GP

GoodPractice

IBRD

InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment

IEE

InitialEnvironmentalExamination

IFI

InternationalFinanceInstitution

MLE

MacedonianLawonEnvironment

MoE

MinistryofEconomy

MoEPP

Ministry of EnvironmentandPhysicalPlanning

MTC

MinistryofTransportandCommunications

NDP

NationalDevelopmentPlan

NGO

Non-governmentalorganization

NTS

NationalTransportStrategy

NUTS

NomenclatureofTerritorialUnitsforStatistics

OE

OfficeofEnvironment

OP/BP/GP

OperationalPolicies,BankProceduresandGoodPractices

PEM

PublicEnterpriseMakedonijapat

PEP

Pre-AccessionEconomicProgramme

PIP

PublicInvestmentProgramme

RPF

ResettlementPolicyFramework

SEA

SectoralEnvironmentalAssessment

SEI

StateEnvironmentInspectorate

TA

TechnicalAssignment

ULSG

Unitsoflocalself-government

UNDP

UnitedNationDevelopmentProgramme

WB

WorldBank

REPORTCONTENT

EXECUTIVESUMMARY

Introduction

ThemainobjectiveoftheprojectwouldbetoreducethecostofaccessfrommunicipalitiesthroughoutMacedoniatomarketsandservices,byimprovingtheconditionandqualityofthenetworkofRegionalandLocalroads.TheWorldBankseesitselfasapartnerinaGovernmentProgramforRegionalandLocalRoadsinMacedoniaandwouldsupporttheGovernmentinthepreparationofsuchaProgram,andthenparticipateinitsfinancing,togetherwithoneorseveralotherIFIsandtheGovernment’sownfunding.ThecurrentSectoralEnvironmentalAssessmentisprovidinganassessmentofpotentialenvironmentalandsocialimpactsoftheProgram,alongwiththeneedsandprioritiesforthecapacitybuildingatthesectorlevelinordertoavoidand/ormitigateanypotentialadverseimpactsandtostrengthenrelevantinstitutionalcapacitiesinthisarea.

Termsofreferenceandmethodologyofthestudy

Themainscopeoftheenvironmentalassessmentprocessisto:

（i）ensurethatenvironmentalissueshavebeentakenintoaccountinthedesignandimplementationoftheproject;and（ii）ensurethatcountrycapacityisincreasedandthataregulatoryframeworkandproceduresareestablishedandwillserveasthebasisforenvironmentalimpactassessmentsforallfutureroadsectorrehabilitation.Fortheproposedroadinvestmentprograminvolvingfutureprojects（stilltobedefined）,itisnecessarytoconduct:

（i）aSectorEnvironmentalAssessment（SEA）oftheoverallprogrampriortothecommitmentofresourcesandthefinalizationofsubprojects;and（ii）aproject-levelEnvironmentalImpactAssessment（EIA）toprovidemoredetailedandsubproject-specificanalysesoncethesubprojectsareidentified.Therefore,theoverallSEAgoalistotryanddeterminethefuturepotentialenvironmentalandsocialimpactsoftheprogramintheroadsector,tospecifytheneedsforEAinstitutionalcapacitybuilding,andtodefinethemitigationandmonitoringmeasurestobeundertakenduringtheroadsubprojectsprojectdesignandimplementation.

Thestudywasconductedbasedonthefollowing:

（i）analysisoftheexistingnationallegaldocuments,regulationsandguidelines;（ii）SEAreportspreparedforsimilarWBprojectsinothercountries;（iii）WBsafeguardpolicies,aswellasguidingmaterials;（iv）resultsofconsultationswiththerepresentativesfromallinterestedstakeholders.

ProjectEnvironmentalCategory

Althoughmostofproposedprojectactivitieswouldbefocusedonrehabilitationandmaintenanceoftheexistingroads,whicharenotexpectedtogeneratesignificantadverseenvironmentalandsocialeffects,theprojectalsomightfinanceconstructionofnewsmallsegmentsofroads,whichmighthavesignificantenvironmentalimpacts.TakingthisintoconsiderationandprovisionsoftheWorldBankSafeguardPolicies（OP/BP/GP4.01EnvironmentalAssessment）andofthenationalEIAlegislation,theprojectisratedascategoryAwithpotentialsignificantadverseenvironmentalimpact.ForsuchprojectsafullEAandanEnvironmentalManagementPlan（EMP）shouldbecarriedoutaspartofprojectpreparationanddesign.TheEMPwouldaddressthepotentialsignificantand/ormoderateadverseenvironmentaleffectsoftheconstructionorrehabilitationactivitiesoftheproject,wouldprovidemitigationandmonitoringplanstoensureappropriateattentiontoenvironmentalandsocialissues,andwouldmonitormanagementpractices.

EnvironmentalandSocialSafeguardsReviewProcess

Environmentandsocialsafeguardsissuesshouldbeintegralpartofprojectpreparationandoftheselectedroadsubprojectsdesign.Astheprojectwillconsistofseveralrelativelysimilarroadimprovementsubprojects（tobeidentifiedatalaterstageofprojectdesign）,itwasdecidedtoapplyaphasedapproachtotheEA.AtthefirststageitisnecessarytoconducttheSEA.TheSEAwouldconsistof:

（i）conductingananalysisofEAinstitutionalcapacitiesandpreparingrecommendationsforimprovingtheEAprocessintheroadssector;（ii）preparinganenvironmentalassessmentandmanagementframework（EAMF）thatwouldestablishenvironmentalsafeguardproceduresforselectedroadsubprojectsaswellasguidelineswiththedetailsonpotentialenvironmentalandsocialissuesonhowtoprepareEMPs.Thiswouldserveasatemplatetoundertakeanappropriateenvironmentalassessmentofroadsubprojectsonceidentified.Additionallyastheprojectmightsupportconstructionofnewroads,whichmightrequirelandacquisition,theSEAcontainsalsoaResettlementPolicyFramework（RPF）thatshouldbeappliedinthecaseofsuchactivities.Atthesecondstage,theEAwouldinclude:

（i）screeningofproposedsubprojectsandidentifyingthosethatneedapartialorfullEIAstudy;and（ii）carryingoutaspecificEIAandpreparingEMPsforselectedroads.

NationalEAlegalandinstitutionalframework

MacedoniahasitsowndevelopedlegalandinstitutionalframeworkforEnvironmentalAssessments.ThisframeworkisinfullylinewiththeexistingWBEArulesandproceduresaswellaswiththeEUEIADirectives.EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentofcertainprojectsisrequiredtobecarriedoutintheRepublicofMacedoniainaccordancewithArticles76-94oftheLawonEnvironment（OfficialGazetteoftheRepublicofMacedoniaNo.53/2005）.ThetypesofprojectsthatrequireanEIAaretobedeterminedinaccordancewithArticle77oftheLawonEnvironment2005whicharespecifiedindetailsbytheGovernmentoftheRepublicofMacedoniainthe“DecreeforDeterminingProjectsforwhichandcriteriaonthebasisofwhichthescreeningforanenvironmentalimpactassessmentshallbecarriedout（OfficialGazetteoftheRepublicofMacedoniaNo.74/2005）.TheLawonEnvironmentandapprovedrelevantbylawsdefineProceduresforconductinganEIAaswellasthegoal,objectives,andprinciplesoftheEIA,andstipulatetheproceduresforsubmittingprojectdocumentation,aswellasreviewingprocedures.TheEIAprocedureprecedesdecision-makingaboutactivitiesthatmayhaveanadverseimpactontheenvironment.FinancingofprogramsandprojectsisallowedonlyafterpositiveapprovalofEIAStudybyMOEPP.TheresponsibleEIAauthorityinMacedoniaistheDepartmentonEnvironmentwithintheAdministrationforEnvironment,abodyunderMinistryEnvironmentandPhysicalPlanningAE（MoEPP）.

Institutionalcapacitiestoperformsafeguards

TheEAinstitutionalcapacityoftheborrowerwasassessedduringprojectpreparation.ItwasconcludedtheMoEPPneedstostrengthenitscapacitiesinparticulartoperformdutiesconcerningreviewingEIAstudiesandenforcingEMPprovisions.Atthesametime,withintheMinistryofTransportandCommunications（MTC）andtheFundforNationalandRegionalRoads（FNRR）（theprojectimplementingagency）,therearenoanyspecialunitand/orespeciallydesignatedstaffresponsibleforenvironmentalissuesintheroadsector,aswellasanyanalyticallaboratoriesthatmightassistinensuringcompliancewiththeexistinglegislation,regulationsandecologicalnorms.InthisregarditwillbenecessarytoproviderelevantTAtotheMoEPP,MTCandFNRRtostrengthentheircapacityandtoensuretheenvironmentalrequirementswillbefullyintegratedintosectoralpolicies,andprogramdesign,aswellasintodesignandimplementationoftheEIAsoftheroadsubprojects.

AnalysisofEnvironmentalImpactsfortheRoadSector

Thenatureandscaleofimpactswillbedeterminedbythetypeofinterventionsundertakenbytheproject,whichisexpectedtobefocusedmostlyonrehabilitationandmaintenanceoftheexistingroads,butmightalsosupportconstructionofnewsmallroadsegments.Inthecaseofrehabilitationandmaintenanceactivitiesmostpotentialenvironmentalandsocialimpactswillbelimitedmainlytotheeffectsassociatedwithworkssuchasdustandnoisecontrol,useofbitumen,disposalofsolidorhazardouswaste,erosioncontrol,andlaborcampmanagement（whichwillbetemporarywithonlyminorandlocalizednegativeeffects）.Aftercompletion,theprojectwillhavepositiveindirectimpactsonhumanhealthandsafetythrough