英国文学期末复习资料整理.docx

英国文学期末复习资料整理.docx

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英国文学期末复习资料整理

大三•下英国文学期末复习资料张旭

一、名词解释｛5题/10分｝

1.apostrophe:

afigureofspeechinwhichthespeakeraddressesadeadorabsentperson,orananimal,objectorabstractidea.

2.dramaticmonologue:

akindofpoeminwhichasinglefictionalorhistoricalcharacterotherthanthepoetspeakstoasilentlistener,revealingunwittinglythingsabouthimselforherself.

3.satire:

akindofwritingthatexpressesthevicesandfolliesofindividuals,institutions,orsocietiestoridiculeandscorn.

4.ode:

arhymedlyricalpoemwhichexpressesnoblefeelingsoftenaddressedtoaperson,anobjectorcelebratinganevent.

5.terzarima:

apoeticformconsistingofaseriesofunitsofthreelinesrhymingaba,bcb,cdc,ded,etc.

6.Byronichero:

arebeloroutlawwhoisstrong-willed,disillusioned,friendless,alwaysatwarwiththeconventionalworld.

7.parody:

theimitativeuseofwords,style,attitude,toneandideasofanauthorinsuchawayastomakethemridiculous.

8.epistolarynovel:

anovelwrittenintheformofaseriesoflettersexchangedamong

thecharactersofthestory,withextractsfromtheirjournalssometimesincluded.

二、文学史常识：

作家作品，相关流派{10题/10分}

1.WilliamWordsworth（华兹华斯1770-1850）

【1】作品特点{P6}:

Closetonaturehehadaprofoundlovefornature.Hethought

thatnaturehadamoralvalueandhasitsphilosophicalsignificanee.

【2】相关作品{P6}:

TheReeluse:

longpoemwhichillustratedhisthinkingoflife,butitremains

unfinished.

ThePrelude（1850）:

longpoemwhichtellsthegrowthofhismind.

LyricalBallads（1798）:

animportantpieceofliteraturecriticisminEnglishliterature.

Itcanbereadasadeclarationofromanticism.

【3】代表作品{P17}:

IWanderedLonelyAsaCloud

Continuousasthestarsthatshine

Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:

TenthousandsawIataglanee,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.

Foroft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood,TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;

Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.

2.GeorgeGordonByron（拜伦1788-1824）

【1】作品特点:

Heisinterestedindemocracy

【2】关于作者{P41-42}:

Bornofanoblebloodbothonpaternalandmaternallines.

HewasgoodfriendswithShelly

InthestyleofPope,hesatiricallyattackedWordsworth,ColeridgeandSouthey,andtheEdinburghcritics.

AfterheattainedhisM.A.degree,hestayedforsometimeonhisestateandledadissipated（奢靡的）life

From1809to1811,hemadeagrandtouroftheContinent.

【3】相关作品:

（1）EnglishBardsandScotchReviewers:

hisfirstimportantpoem

（2）HoursofIdleness:

acollectionoflyricalverse

（3）ChildeHarold'sPilgrimage:

firsttwocantos（篇章）

（4）OrientalTales:

aseriesofromanticnarrativeverses

（5）Prometheus,SonnetonChillon,andthePrisonerofChillon

（6）ChildeHarold'sPilgrimage:

histhirdandfourthcantos.

【4】代表作品{P59}:

SheWalksinBeauty

3.PercyByssheShelley

（雪莱1792--1822）

【1】关于作者{P61-62}:

Heelopedwithayounggirl,Harriet,atlastshewascommittedsuicide.

ShemetGodwinandfellinlovewithhisdaughterMaryGodwin.Hermotherwas

MaryWollstonecraft（1759-1797）,achampionforwomen'srightsandthe

authoressofAVindicationoftheRightsofWoman（1792）

HewasdrownedinatempestwhilesailinginaboatalongthecoastofItaly.

【3】相关作品：

（1）Alastor（1816）,TheRevoltoflslam（1818）.TheMaskofAnarchy（1819）:

allegorical

（讽喻的）poems

（2）PrometheusUnbound（1820）,Hellas（1822）,andTheCenci（1819）:

lyricaldramas.

（3）Adonis（1821）:

apoemhewroteonthedeathofKeats

（4）OdetotheWestWind（1819）:

themostwell-knownone.

（5）TheDefeneeofPoetry（1821）:

publishedin1840afterthepoet'sdeath.

【4】代表作品{P67-70}:

OdetotheWestWind

1、

OWildWestWind,thoubreatheofAutumn'sbeing

Thou,fromwhoseunseenpreseneetheleavesdead

Aredriven,likeghostsfromanenchanterfleeing,

Yellow,andblack,andpale,andhecticred,

Pestilence-strickenmultitudes:

Othou

Whochariltesttotheirdarkwintrybed

Thewingedseeds,wheretheyliecoldandlow,

Eachlikeacorpsewithinitsgrave,until

ThineazuresisteroftheSpringshallblow

Herclariono'erthedreamingearth,andfill

（Drivingsweetbudslikeflockstofeedinair）

Withlivinghuesandodorsplainandhill:

WildSpirit,whichartmovingeverywhere;

Destroyerandpresserver;hear,oh,hear!

4、

IfIwereadeadleafthoumightestbear;

IfIwereaswiftcloudtoflywiththee:

Awavetopantbeneaththypower,andshare

Theimpulseofthystrength,onlylessfree

Thanthou,Ouncontrollable!

Ifeven

Iwereasimmyboyhood,andcouldbe

ThecomradeofthywanderigsoverHeaven.

Asthen,whentooutstripthyskieyspeed

Scarceseem'davision;Iwouldne'erhavestriven

Asthuswiththeeinprayerinmysoreneed.

Oh,liftmeasawave,aleaf,acloud!

Ifalluponthethornsoflife!

Ibleed!

Aheavyweightofhourshaschainedandbowed

Onetoolkethee:

tameless,andswift,andproud.

5、

Makemethylyre,evenastheforestis:

Whatifmyleaversarefallinglikeitsown!

Thetmultofthymightyharmonies

Willtakefrombothadeep,autumnaltone,

Sweetthoughinsadness.Bethou,Spiritfierce,

Myspirit!

Bethoume,impetuousone!

Drivemydeadthoughtsovertheuniverse

Likewitheeredleavestoquickenanewbirth!

And,bytheincantationofthisverse,

Scatter,isfromanunextinguishedhearth

Ashesandsparks,mywordsamongmankind!

Bethroughmylipstounawakenedearth

Thetrumpetofaprophecy!

OWind,

IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?

4.JohnKeats（约翰•济慈1795-1821）

【1】关于作者{P74}:

UnlikeByronandShelley,KeatswasborninLondon,oflowlyorigin.

Hisparentsdiedearly.Hewasforcedtoservehisapprenticeshipandheworkedas

thesurgeon'shelperformorethantwoyears.

Hediedwhenhewasonly25yearsold.

Mostofhisbestpoemswerewrittenintheshortthreeyearsfrom1817tothetimeof

hisdeath.

名家名言：

Beautyistruth,truthisbeauty.

【2】相关作品:

⑴Endymion（1818）:

hislongallegoricalpoem,aboutlovebetweenaGreekshepherd

andthemoongoddess

（2）In1817heabandonedhisprofessionandpublishedhisfirstcollectionofpoems.

【3】作品特点：

（1）Hispoetryisconcernedwithjoyinthebeautyofthisworld.Hehada

tasteofbeautyofnatureandworksofart.

（2）Hispoetryisalwayssenshous,colorfulandrichinimaginarywhich

expresstheacutenessofhissense.

【4】代表作品{P76}:

OdetoaNightingale

I.

MYheartaches,andadrowsynumbnesspains

Mysense,asthoughofhemlockIhaddrunk.

Oremptiedsomedullopiatetothedrains

Oneminutepast,andLethe-wardshadsunk:

'Tisnotthroughenvyofthyhappylot,

Butbeingtoohappyinthinehappiness—

Thatthou,light-wingedDryadofthetrees,

Insomemelodiousplot

Ofbeechengreen,andshadowsnumberless,

Singestofsummerinfull-throatedease.

II.

O,foradraughtofvintage!

thathathbeen

Cool'dalongageinthedeep-delvedearth,

TastingofFloraandthecountrygreen,

Dance,andProvencalsong,andsunburntmirth!

OforabeakerfullofthewarmSouth,

Fullofthetrue,theblushfulHippocrene.

Withbeadedbubbleswinkingatthebrim,

Andpurple-stainedmouth;

ThatImightdrink,andleavetheworldunseen,

Andwiththeefadeawayintotheforestdim:

III.

Fadefaraway,dissolve,andquiteforget

Whatthouamongtheleaveshastneverknown,

Theweariness,thefever,andthefret

Here,wheremensitandheareachothergroan;

Wherepalsyshakesafew,sad,lastgrayhairs,

Whereyouthgrowspale,andspectre-thin,anddies;

Wherebuttothinkistobefullofsorrow

Andleaden-eyeddespairs,

5.CharlesDickens

（狄更斯1812-1870）

WhereBeautycannotkeepherlustrouseyes,

OrnewLovepineatthembeyondto-morrow.

【1】关于作者{P135-136}:

Hewasonceputintoprisonwithhisfather.Althoughhewasthereonlyforhalfa

year,thisexperienceofhischildhoodleftsuchadeepimpressiononhismindthatit

becamearecurringsubjectinhisnovels.

Helaterbecameaparliamentaryreporter.

In1858hebegantogivepublicreadingswhichcontinueduntilhisdeath.

【2】相关作品:

（1）1836:

SketchesbyBoz;

rapidlybroughthimfameandwealth.

⑵1836-1837:

ThePapersofthePickwickClub:

⑶1837-1838:

TheOrphaninOliverTwist（雾都孤儿）

⑷1838-1839:

NicholasNickleby

（5）1840-1841:

TheOldCuriosityShop

⑹1843-1844:

MartinChuzzlewit

⑺1843-1845:

ChristmasstorieswhichincludedAChristmasCarol,TheChimesand

TheCricketontheHearth:

heshowedhisprofoundsympathyforthepoorand

describedhowtherichwereconvertedafterundergoingseveretests.Thesestoriesarepermeatedwiththespiritofbrotherhoodandareregardedasrepresentativesofthe

spiritofChristmas.

（8）After1844:

hebegantowritenovelsofbittersocialcriticism,suchasDombeyand

Son（1848）,BleakHouse（1853）,HardTimes（1854）,LittleDorrit（1857）,OurMutual

Friend（1865）

（9）代表作：

DavidCopperfield

【3】作品特点：

（1）Hehasatendencytodepictthegrotesque（veryoddorunusually,fantastically

uglyorabsurd）charactersorevents.Mostofhischaractershaveapeculiarhabit,manner,behavior,dressandcatchphraseofhisorherown.

（2）Helovestoinstilllifeintoinanimatethingsandtocompareanimatebeingsto

inanimatethings.

（3）Heisnotedforhisdescriptionofpatheticscenesthataimtoarousepeople's

（萨克雷1811-1863）

sympathy.Pathos（激起怜悯）isadistinctivequalityinhiswritings.

6.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray

【1】关于作者{P157-158}:

HeandDickenswerecontemporaries（同时代的）.TheywerebothnovelistsandhumoristsandtheycriticizedtheVictoriansocietysatirically.

Hewasborninawell-t