写作整理材料ByRaindy.docx
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写作整理材料ByRaindy
小作文
6种类型:
曲线图
组成:
三段论(引题―正文―结尾)
1.引题(introduction):
描述图表,“同义转换”。
要有吸引力,不能有错误。
第一句—说明图表内容,虽然描述的是过去的内容,但是说的是图表描述的信息,故而时态必须用现在时。
第二句—给出总体的曲线趋势【option】
2.正文(Describingthegraphindetails):
要有所选择,要有比较,突出最值。
3.结尾(Concludingsentences)
注意:
●照抄原文不计分;
●不需要对数据分析;
●不可把结论提前;
●结尾句不需加评论
图表作文常用的曲线变化
变化趋势
动词表达
用名词作同义替换表达
上升
rose(to)
arise(in)
increased(to)
anincrease(in)
wentup(to)
agrowth(in)
climbed(to)
anupwardtrend(in)
boomed
aboomin
adramaticrisein
下降
fell(to)
adecrease(in)
declined(to)
adecline(in)
decreased(to)
afall(in)
dipped(to)
dropped(to)
adrop(in)
wentdown(to)
slumped(to)
aslumpin(dramaticfallin)
reduced(to)
areduction(in)
不变
leveledout(at)
alevelingout(of)
didnotchange
remainedstable/steady/constant(at)
maintainedthesamelevel
nochange(in)
波动
fluctuated(around)
peaked(at)
plateaued(at)
stoodat
afluctuation(in)
reachedapeak(of)
reachedaplateau(at)
注:
plateau①平台;②高原③(发展、增长后的)平稳时期,稳定状态,停滞时期
波动描述示意图1
波动描述示意图2
表示变化程度的词汇
程度
形容词
副词
degreeofchange
变化程度
巨大
dramatic
dramatically
sharp
sharply
considerable
considerably
significant
significantly
marked
markedly
huge
hugely
enormous
enormously
substantial
substantially
适度
steep
steeply
moderate
moderately
轻微
slight
slightly
minimal
minimally
speedofchange
变化速度
快速
rapid
rapidly
quick
quickly
swift
swiftly
sudden
suddenly
稳步
steady
steadily
逐渐
gradual
gradually
缓慢
slow
slowly
范文1(引题段):
【第一句】ThecurveillustratesthenumberofcasesofA-typecrimescommittedintheUKbetweentheyears1990and2004.【第二句】ItcanbeseenthatA-typecrimesdecreaseddramaticallyto200casesaroundthemiddleofthe1990sandthenincreasedto2000beforetheyear2000.
范文2:
(全文)
Fromthegraph,wecanseeclearlythatintheearlymorning,at6a.m.,fewpeoplewatchTV.However,fromthistimeonwards,thenumberofTVaudienceisontherise.Atnoon,thepeoplewatchingTVaccountforabout8%ofthetotalpopulation.Intheperiodbetween12:
00and2:
00p.m.,theTVaudienceexperiencesasharpincreasefrom8%toapproximately18%.
From2:
00p.m.to4:
00p.m.,thefigureremainsconstantatabout18%,thenballoonstothepeakoftheday,reachingapproximately50%.ThenumberofTVaudiencesdropsdramaticallyfrom10p.m.tillitreachesitsbottomat3p.m.
Ontheotherhand,thereisasharpincreaseinradioaudiencefrom6.a.mto9a.m.,peakingatabout28%at8:
30a.m.However,fromthispointonwards,itdeclinesgraduallyfortherestoftheday,bottomingoutat4:
00a.m.thenextday.
Inbrief,thenumberofTVandradioaudiencesvariesaccordingtodifferentphasesoftimeprobablyduetothedifferentfeaturesofthesetwomedia.
表格图
类型:
♦纵向比较—即自身前后的比较,具有历史性,可转为曲线图;
♦横向比较—与其他同类事物的比较。
原则:
♦首句永远概括全部;
♦中间永远找最值点描述;
♦最后总结概括
1.纵向比较:
题目:
ThetablebelowgivesinformationaboutchangesinmodesoftravelinEnglandbetween1985and2000.
Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
Writeatleast150words.
1985
2000
Walking
255
237
Bicycle
51
41
Car
3,199
4,806
Localbus
429
274
Longdistancebus
54
124
Train
289
366
Taxi
13
42
Other
450
585
Allmodes
4,740
6,475
范文:
Ascanbeseenfromthetable,walkandcertainshort-distancetransportation,suchascycledandlocalbustendtobelesspreferred.Ofthese,thelocalbusexperiencedthemostdramaticdecrease,from429milesto274mileswithinthe15-yearsperiod.
Bycontrast,thelongdistancevehicleenjoyedasignificantincreaseovertheperiod,spanningfrom1985to2000,althoughthereexistssomedifferences.Tobemorespecific,thenumberofmilesthatcartraveledwas3,199in1985androseby50%to4,806inthesubsequentyears.Thefigurebylongdistancebusmorethandoubledduringthesameperiod(54milesvs.124miles),whilethemilesbytaxitrebledwhichwere13milesand42milesrespectively.Likewise,theuseofother,unspecified,formsoftransportalsoincreased.
Overall,thereisaconsiderableincreaseintotalmilesbyallmodesoftransportation,comparedwiththedata(4,740miles)in1985,withtheincreaseduseofcarspossiblyaccountingforalmostallofthatincrease.
2.横向比较:
题目:
Thetableshowsthenumberofforeignvisitors(inmillions)to7countries.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
Countryvisited
Total
FromtheUK
FromtheUSA
Australia
3
0.3
0.3
Canada
15
0.6
12.0
France
53
7.4
0.1
Ireland
4
2.4
0.4
Italy
20
1.2
1.8
Mexico
7
0.1
5.5
Thailand
6
0.3
0.3
范文:
(Introduction)Thetableshowsthetotalnumberofvisitorstosevencountriesaroundtheworldanddetailsthenumberofthosevisitorswhoc