关于《老人与海》准则英雄的分析.docx

关于《老人与海》准则英雄的分析.docx

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关于《老人与海》准则英雄的分析

毕业论文

关于《老人与海》准则英雄的分析

AnalysisonCodeHeroinTheOldManandTheSea

AThesisSubmittedas

aPartialFulfillmentfortheDegreeof

B.A.inEnglish

摘要

厄内斯特·海明威是一位蜚声世界文坛的伟大作家。

到目前为止，他的作品已受到无数读者的喜爱。

几十年来，国内外专家学者对这位伟大的作家表现出了极大的研究兴趣和极高的关注度，多方面、多层次、多角度地研究了海明威的作品。

在海明威的所有作品中，《老人与海》可谓是最著名的一部。

他凭借该小说获得了1954年的诺贝尔文学奖。

在该小说中，海明威阐述了诸如人独自迎接挑战与斗争、以极大的决心和勇气面对失败、“在压力下优雅地生存”等深刻主题。

小说主人公——桑提亚哥也成为文学史上著名的“硬汉"形象。

该小说引起了广大读者和评论界的高度关注。

而国内外评论界对海明威的研究最多的是“海明威式英雄"形象，即准则英雄。

本文通过六个章节展开论述，第一章，简单介绍作者海明威及其作品《老人与海》的社会影响.第二章，文献综述。

分析对《老人与海》的国内外研究现状。

第三章，《老人与海》中桑提亚哥形象的形成。

通过分析当时的社会背景和海明威的人生经历探讨论述桑提亚哥这一人物形象的形成。

第四章，从信心和勇气两方面分析桑提亚哥这一人物形象并且论述了桑提亚哥与海的关系。

第五章，《老人与海》中准则英雄的具体分析。

结语部分对论文进行了总结，强调了桑提亚哥这一人物形象的价值和意义以及准则英雄精神对人们的启示。

关键词：

准则英雄桑提亚哥老人与海

Abstract

ErnestHemingwayisrecognizedasoneofthegreatestwritersintheworldliterature．Hisworkshaveattractedreadersallovertheworld.Inthepastfewdecades，expertsandscholarsathomeandabroadhaveshowngreatinterestandhavepaidmuchattentiontothisgreatwriter,andtheyhavemaderesearchesonthewriterandhisworksfromdifferentperspectives．

Amonghisbooks，TheOldManandtheSeaisthemostfamousone．ThenovelmadeHemingwaywintheNobelPrizeinl954．InthisnovelHemingwayfurtherexploredthethemesofmanmeetingchallengesandstrugglingalone，showingextremedeterminationandcourageinfaceofthedefeats，andlivingwith“graceunderpressure”．AndthemaincharacterSantiagobecomesatypical“codehero”inliterature．Thenovelhasarousedtheinterestofmanyreaders，andmanycriticshavemadecommentsonit．Thosecommentsmostlyfocuson"HemingwayHeroes”,namelythe”codehero“.

Thethesisincludesfivechaptersandaconclusion.Thefirstchapteristheintroduction.TheintroductorychaptergivesabriefintroductiontoHemingwayandhisworkTheOldManandtheSea.Chaptertwo,literaturereview,isaboutthepresentstudiesathomeandabroadonTheOldManandtheSea.ChapterthreepresentsTheformingofthecharacterofSantiago.ItdealswiththesocialbackgroundandHemingway’slifeexperienceinformingthecharacterofSantiago.ChapterfourfocusesonThePortrayalofSantiagoinTheOldManandtheSeatofurtherrevealthecharacterofSantiago.Thefivechapterisabouttheanalysisofcodehero.Theconclusiongiveasummaryofthewholethesis,emphasizingtherealisticsignificanceofthestudyonthecharacterizationofSantiagoandtheinspirationof“codehero”inTheOldManandtheSea.

Keywords:

codehero；Santiago;TheOldManandtheSea

Contents

摘要I

AbstractII

ChapterOneIntroduction1

ChapterTwoLiteratureReview2

ChapterThreeTheformingofthecharacterofSantiago7

3.1Thesocialbackground7

3.2Hemingway’slifeexperience8

3.3TheBirthofSantiagoinTheOldManandtheSea10

ChapterFourThePortrayalofSantiago13

4.1ConfidenceandCourage14

4.2Exemplificationofconfidenceandcourage16

4.3Santiagoandthesea19

Chapterfivecodehero22

5.1Graceunderpressure22

5.2“Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated．’’24

ChaptersixConclusion25

Acknowledgements29

Reference31

ChapterOneIntroduction

ErnestMillerHemingway（July21，1899——July2，1961）isoneofthemostfamousAmericanmodernnovelistsinthe20thcentury．HeisthewinnerofPulitzerPrizein1953andtheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1954forTheOldManandtheSea.From1939to1960，hesettledinCubaandnamedhimselfas”allordinaryCuban”.DuringthistimehefinishedhisfamousmasterpieceTheOldManandtheSea.InHemingway’smindTheOldManandtheSeawasthebestwritingofhislife．

ThisisastoryaboutanoldCubanfishermanSantiagoandhisbattlewithagreatmarlin．Aftereighty—fourdaysofnotcatchingafish,Santiagodoesnotgiveup．Hegoesfaroutintotheseaandhooksagiantmarlin.Theoldmanhadneverseenorheardofsuchabigfish，onethatwastwofeetlongerthanhisskiff.AdesperatestrugglehappensafterwardsinwhichSantiagomanagestokillthefishandtieittohisboat，Sufferingaseriesoftrails，theoldmankilledthegreatmarlinandboundittotheskiff.Butonhiswayhome，sharkscameup．Hefindsthatonhiswayhomehehastofightamoredesperatestrugglewithgiantsharks.Thelife-and—deathbattlewashelplessfortheoldman，eventuallytherewasonlythebaldbackboneofthefishleft.

Inthisnovel．Hemingwaycreatesaheroasbefore,whocarriesouttheauthor’slifelongbeliefin’Graceunderpressure．”Asamasterpiece，itsimplicationsareprofoundandfar-reaching．Manycriticshavetriedtodecodeitfromdifferentangles，anddifferentconclusionshavebeenreached．

OnetypeofimageinHemingway’snoveliscalled“codehero”or“toughguy”.The”codehero”hasbeeninterpretedascourageousandstubborn.“Codehero”isnotaconceptconcernedwithindividual,butwithgroups.Alsothetraitofcourageouscharacterandthequalityofstubbornspiritarejustsuperficialphenomenon.Theessenceof“codehero”isapessimisticworldoutlookandaestheticfaithinlife.Hemingway’snovelTheOldManandtheSeacanberegardedasarepresentiveof“codehero”.

BasedonErnestHemingway's"codehero”，inthisthesisIwillhaveallmyexplanationonSantiago’scharacterthroughtheanalysisofcodehero.

ChapterTwoLiteratureReview

VariousstudieshavebeendoneonTheOldManandtheSea.AccordingtoILuring（2007）,thestudiesofHemingwayabroadaremainlydividedintothefollowingaspects:

documentarystudies，biographies，studiesonhisinfluence，comprehensivestudiesonhisworks，andstudiesonhissingularworks,etc.InChina,thecriticalarticlesstudiedHemingway’sworksfromtheaspectofhisculturalpsychologicalstructureandphilosophicalthinkingtragicconsciousness，deathconsciousness，nihilisticthoughtandoutlookonwomen.

AsoneofthegreatestworksofHemingway,TheOldManandtheSeaattractedgreatcriticalattentionsinstudyfromdifferentperspectives.Suchastheusageofsymbolismandtheanalysisofitsruleinthenovel,”codehero“andtheheroicimageoftheoldfishermanSantiago,theIcebergPrinciple,ecocriticismofthenovel.Theseresearcheshelpthereadershaveagoodunderstandingoftheoldmanandtheseafromdifferentaspects.

HemingwayandhisnovelTheOldManandtheSeaaresofamousallovertheworldthattheyhaveevokedinternationalcriticalattentions.LiuLiangcui（2008）studiedthatamongthecritics，CarlosBaker’ProfessorofLiteratureatPrincetonUniversity，isthefirstauthoritativescholarwhohasmadeathoughstudyofHemingwayandhisnovels．Inl952，HepublishedabookHemingway:

thewriterasArtist.From1961to1968hespenteightyearswritingthebookErnestHemingway:

ALifeStory（1969）.

ChinesecriticismalsobelievesHemingway’sstoriesarethereflectionofadeep-rootedpessimism．Atthesametime，thecriticsinChinaalsopaymuchattentiontothecodehero’sgraceunderpressure．Muchofthecriticismfocusesonhumanisolation，thesenseofbeinglost，lonelinessandthecharacter’seventualdespair.

Fromthepreviousstudies，wecanseethatmuchcriticshavestudiedHemingwayandhisnoveltheOldManandtheSeafromdifferentperspectives.

AsfortheresearchsituationonthisissueinChina,manypapershavebeenpublished.Amongthestudies,TheOldManandtheSea,AMagnificentIcebergbyLiXianghongdiscussestheIcebergtheoryandhowthetheoryexpressedinthenovelaswellasHemingway'strueintentionshiddeninthesimplestyle,calmandcollectednoveltheOldManandtheSea.ItgivesthereaderaclearideaofwhattheIceberg

TheoryisandhowitisappliedintheOldManandtheSea.

CreativeStylesunderHemingway'sIcebergPrinciplebyZhangXiaohua（SchoolofForeignStudies,AnhuiNormalUniversity,WuhuAnhui241003,China）analysestheIcebergPrinciplesystematically.Fromtheresearchthereadercanknowthatthesuccinctwriting,brightimage,richemotionandprofoundthoughtconstitutethefourelementsofhisicebergwritingstyle.TheresearchertakesHillslikeWhiteElephantsasanexampleandrevealsHemingway'sicebergwritingstylethroughanalyzingtheauthor'screativemethodssuchassimple,straightforwardstyleofwriting,thewritingmakeup,symbolandabbreviation,andetc.

YuanXianquan'sAGeneralTalkonHemingway'sWritingStyleofIceberghasamorecomprehensiveanalysisoftheIcebergPrinciple.ItbeginsfromtheformationofHemingway'sparticularwritingstyle"Iceberg",namelytheauthor'svariousexperiences,hiscarefulnessinwriting,hisseekforplainlanguageandhisdescriptionofreallife.ThenithasavividdescriptionoftheIcebergtheory.Theliteraturecreationisliketheicebergfloatinginthesea.Thefirst-eighthcanbeseenbythereaderswhiletheseven-eighthsoftheicebergisunderthewater.Readersguesstheinnermeaningsthoughtheirownimagination.

AnotherresearchbyLvCheng,TheRoleoftheBoyandtheLioninTheOldManandtheSeadiscussestheusageofsymbolism.Especiallytheparticularmeaningandimportantroleofthelioninthenovel.Itillustratessymbolism.

throughtheanalysisofthelioninthestory.Atlastthearticlecomestothe

conclusionthatthelionplaysanimportantroleinsublimatingtheoldman'stoughcharacterspirit.

TheInterpretationofDreamsinTheOldManandtheSeabyGaoHongqinstudiesthenovelfromanewperspectivebyanalyzingthedreamsinthestory.ItbeginsfromFreud'sdreamtheorythatdreamsarethesatisfactionofsuppressedandinhibiteddesiresintheformofcamouflage.AndthenthispaperinterpretstheAfricaandlions.

Fromthepreviousresearches,itispossiblethatstudiesonTheOldManAndTheSeawillfocusontheillustrationoftheIcebergPrinciple,theus