选择性必修第四册Uni4单元过关演练.docx

选择性必修第四册Uni4单元过关演练.docx

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选择性必修第四册Uni4单元过关演练

2020-2021学年人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Uni4单元过关演练

　　本套试卷总分120分。

考试时间100分钟。

第一部分　阅读（共两节,满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Morethanonemillionsingle-usestraws（吸管）,mostofthemplastic,areusedintheUnitedStateseachday.Theyendupinwaterways,harmseaanimals,andbreakdownintomicroplastics.Quantitiesofplaceshavepassedplastic-strawbansasawaytostarthandlingtheglobalplasticwasteproblem.

Strawmaterials:

advantagesanddisadvantages

1.Metal

Madeofstainlesssteel,aluminum,oreventitanium,metalstrawshavebecomepopular.Theydrawsomecriticismforhavingametallictasteandconductingheatfromahotdrink,butthey’restrongandcanbereused.

2.Paper

Paperdrinkingstraws,whichdatefromthelate1800s,oftenabsorbliquidovertimeandcanleaveatasteorfibresindrinks.They’rethemostpopularthrowawaychoiceinplaceswithplastic-strawbans.

3.Glass

Thoughglassstrawsmaybemorebreakableandthuslessportablethanreusablestrawsofothermaterials,theyholdupwelltowashingandreuse.Somestrawsaremadetolookartistic,withcoloursandblown-glassdesigns.

4.Bamboo

Thisnaturalmaterialcanbesustainablyproducedandisaplant-basedreplacementofplasticstraws.Bamboostrawsareeasilydisposedofandturnedintofertilizer.Theyarereusablebutcanbehardtocleancompletelyandmayabsorbflavours.

（　　）1.Whatisthemajorproblemwithplasticstraws?

A.Function.B.Flavour.C.Weight.D.Pollution.

（　　）2.Whichofthefollowingbelongtosingle-usestraws?

A.Metalstraws.B.Paperstraws.

C.Glassstraws.D.Bamboostraws.

（　　）3.Whatistheadvantageofthebamboostraw?

A.Itcanbecomefertilizer.

B.Itiseasytoclean.

C.Itisportableandbendable.

D.Ithasdifferentdesigns.

B

Zakiwassmallforhistwelveyears,andhewasangrybeingtreatedasachild.Farid,hisolderbrother,hadbeenlookeduponasamanlongbeforehewasZaki’sage.EverydayFaridandtheotheryoungBahrainimenwentoutintheirwoodenboatstodiveforoysters（牡蛎）.ManytimesZakibeggedtogoalong,butFaridalwaysrefusedtolethimgowiththem.

SoeverydayZakiwouldgototheshallowwatertopractise.Hisgrandfather,aformerdiver,wouldwatchhimandadvisehim.Allmorning,Zakiwouldpractisedivingbeneaththewaves.Everyafternoon,againandagainhewouldgounderwaterandholdhisbreath.Witheachday’spractice,hisdivingimprovedandhecouldholdhisbreathalittlewhilelonger.SoonZakifeltasmuchathomeinthewaterashedidoutofit.

Zakiroseearlyoneday.Hewantedtocompetewithhisbrother.Theydivedbeneaththewaves.Zakiopenedhiseyesandfoundhimselflookingintohisbrother’sface.Faridwassmilingwithconfidence.Slowly,thesmilewasdisappearingfromFarid’sface.Asmoresecondspassed,aworriedlookappearedonFarid’sface.FaridwasrealizingthatZakicouldpossiblybeathim.LookingintoFarid’seyes,Zakisuddenlyunderstoodwhatlosingcouldmeantohisbrother.Neverwouldthevillagersallowhimtoliveitdown.Hewouldbelaughedatforlosingtoalittlechild.Almostwithoutthinking,ZakikickedhisfeetandrosetothesurfaceofthewaterasecondbeforeFarid’sheadappearedbesidehim.

ThemenaroundthemcheeredandpattedFaridontheback.Farid,however,puthisarmaroundZaki’sshoulders.“Today,”Faridannounced,“weshallhaveanewdiveramongus.”Thenquietly,forZaki’searsalone,hesaid,“Thankyou,mybrother.”AndZakiknewthattheybothhadlearnedthatittakesmorethanstrengthtomakeaman.

（　　）4.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Zaki’sgrandfatherwasagooddiver.

B.Zakilikedstayingathomeeveryday.

C.Zakipractisedhardinthewaterdaily.

D.Zaki’sgrandfatherencouragedhimtodive.

（　　）5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesZakiaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Considerate.B.Ambitious.

C.Confident.D.Adventurous.

（　　）6.Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthetext?

A.Faridbeathislittlebrothereasily.

B.Zakiwasasstrongashisbrother.

C.Zakiregrettedlosingthecompetition.

D.BothFaridandZakihadgrownup.

（　　）7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Farid’sprideB.Zaki’schallenge

C.Brothers’competitionD.Grandfather’sadvice

C

Whenwewalkedintothecafe,weweregreetedbyawaitresswhosmiled,heldoutamenu,andpointedtoatable.It’sonlywhenweaskedforatableforsixthatwerealizedsomethingwasabitdifferent.Thewaitressglancedatourgroupandheldupsixfingers.That’sbecauseallthestaffaredeaf.

Lastmonth,theHuffPostvisitedSmilesCafeinGranada.Thebusinessonlyemployspeoplewhoaredeaf,fromthewaiterstothecooks.“Mygoalisforthiscafetobeamirrorforotherbusinessestolosetheirfearofhiringpeoplewithdisabilities,”thefounderAntonioBunuel,whoisfromSpain,toldHuffPost.“It’salsoforthepeoplewhoworkheretolosetheirownfearofgettingintotheworkforce,”headded,“sotheycanfly.”

Inthecity,about1personin15hasadisability.Butaround99percentofpeoplewithadisabilityareunemployed.Whilethelawrequirescompaniestoemploytwopeoplewithdisabilitiesforevery50employees,manybusinessesdon’t.“SmilesCafewasbornoutofaprovocation.99percentofpeoplewithdisabilitiesherearejobless.Thatwaswrong!

”Bunuelsaid.“SoIdecidedtoopenacafewherealloftheemployeesweredeaftoshowthatitworks.” 

Atthecafe,customersorderbypointingtoitemsonthemenus,whichhavespecialsymbolstoindicatesubstitutions.Forinstance,ifyou’reorderingfruitparfait,andyoudon’twantyogurtonit,youjustpointtotheillustration（图示）oftheparfait,andthentotheimageofyogurtwithabigred“X”overit.Tohelpcustomerscommunicatewithstaffandlearnwhiletheyeat,thewallsarecoveredwithletters,wordsandphrases,from“Thankyou”to“Welcome”withillustrationsthatshowthecorrespondingtranslation.Thecafe,nowfiveyearsold,isaprojectofthenon-profitCentroSocialTioAntonio.“We’veopenedasmallwindow,”thefoundersaid.“Ifitservestocreateawareness,thenthat’sastart.”

（　　）8.Whydidthewaitressholdupherfingerswhentheauthorordered?

A.Allworkersweredeaf.

B.Shedidn’twanttosayanything.

C.Shewassufferingathroatache.

D.Itwasaspecialgreeting.

（　　）9.Whatdidthefounderofthecafeexpecthisemployeestodo?

A.Makeabigfortune.

B.Becomewellknowninthecity.

C.Recoverfromtheirillnesses.

D.Overcometheirfearsforwork.

（　　）10.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeanaboutSmilesCafeinPara.3?

A.Peopleexpectedtokeepagoodvolunteeringtradition.

B.Itwasfoundedtotakeachallengeofemployingthedisabled.

C.Foundersreachedanagreementafterdiscussions.

D.Thedisabledwereworriedabouttheirworkatfirst.

（　　）11.Whatishelpfultothecustomersinthecafe?

A.Thedeafnessoftheemployees.

B.Specialsymbolsonthemenu.

C.Thenon-profitmodelofthecafe.

D.Theawarenessoftheemployer.

D

StepintoMovingtoMars,anexhibitionofMarsmissionandcolonydesignatLondon’sDesignMuseum,andimmediatelyyouhavegoodreasonsnottomovethere.

Frighteningglowingwall-textsannouncethatMarswasn’tmadeforyou;thatthereisnolifeandpreciouslittlewater;thatdressedinaspacesuit,youwillnevertouch,tasteorsmelltheplanetyounowcall“home”.AsLisaGrossmanwroteforNewScientistacoupleofyearsago,“What’sdifferentaboutMarsisthatthereisnothingtodothereexcepttryingnottodie.”

Itisanoddbeginningforsuchacelebratoryexhibition,butitprovidesavaluable,darkbackgroundagainstwhichtherestoftheshowcansparkle（闪耀）—ashowthatis,asitschiefmanagerJustinremarks,“notaboutMars;thisisanexhibitionaboutpeople”.

Movingalong,thereisaquickyetclearflashthroughwhatthescience-fictionwriterRobinsoncalls“thehistoryofMarsinthehumanmind”.ABabylonianclaytabletandaGreekvasespeakofearlyideasabouttheplanet.AposterfortheoriginalTotalRecallfilmremindsusofMars’psychologicalthreat.

ThemainpartoftheshowisourcurrentplansfortheRedPlanet.Therearerealspacesuitsandmodelsof3-D-printedMartiansettlementsandsuitableclothingandfurniture.Missionarchitecturesandengineeringsketcheslinethewalls.RealhammersmeantfortheInternationalSpaceStationarewall-mountedbesidealow-gravitytablethathasyettoleave,andmayindeedneverleave,Earth.

This,ofcourse,isthegreatstrengthofapproachingsciencethroughdesign:

realityandassumptionscanbegivenequalvisualweight,drawingusintoaninformedconversationaboutwhatitisthatweactuallywantfromafutureonMars.

（　　）12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.HowtomovetoMars.

B.HowtosurviveonMars.

C.WhatpreparationswemadeforMars.

D.WhattheexhibitionofMarstrulytellsus.

（　　）13.WhatcanwelearnfromLisaGrossman?

A.It’simpossibletoliveonMars.

B.It’snogoodsettlingonMars.

C.YouhavenothingtodolivingonMars.

D.YoucanliveonMarsinaspacesuit.

（　　）14.Whatdoestheexhibitionfocuson?

A.ThecurrentplansforMars.

B.TheadvantagesoflivingonMars.

C.TheearlyideasaboutMars.

D.ThehistoryofMarsinthehumanmind.

（　　）15.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?

A.Anexperience.B.Anopinion.

C.Afantasy.D.Asolution.

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Areyoudoingitright?

Writingathank-younote

Ihavealwaysbeenabigadvocateofthank-younotes.Peoplewillalwaysthinkbetterofyouforsayingthankyouproperly.16.　　　　Forexample,wecanallsendaWhatsAppmessage.However,itisnotthesameassittingdown,puttingpe