FDA关于厂房设施的法规条款及翻译与头孢和青霉素相临的厂房请注意.docx
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FDA关于厂房设施的法规条款及翻译与头孢和青霉素相临的厂房请注意
3.1FacilityDesignandLayout
厂房设置及布置
ThispagewilladdressvariousregulatoryissuesrelatedtothissectionoftheGMPInstituteframework. Clickbelowtoviewtheissuesthatarerelevanttoyou.
PenicillinIssues
青霉素问题
WhatdotheCGMPsmeanbyseparatefacilities?
Mustthebuildingsbetotallyseparated,oraretheCGMPssatisfiedwhenthefloorsarephysicallyseparatedwithseparateairfiltrationunitsinstalled?
CGMP规定独立的厂房是什么意思?
厂房必须完全独立吗?
在安装有独立的空气过滤系统的情况下,楼层之间采取物理隔离可以吗?
Isitacceptabletomanufacturepenicillinandnon-penicillinproductsinthesamefacilityonacampaign(i.e.,theconversionofproductionfacilitiestoadifferentproductlineonaroutinebasis)basis,withadequatecleaningvalidationproceduresinplace?
在同一个厂房里生产青霉素和非青霉素产品,在有足够清洁的前提下,可接受吗?
Isitacceptabletomanufacturepenicillinproductsinthesamefacilityascephalosporin?
在同一个厂房内生产青霉素和头孢产品可以接受吗?
Canafacilitythatproducedpenicillindosageformsbedecontaminatedandrenovatedforproductionofnon-penicillinsoliddosageformsprovidedthereisnofurtherpenicillinproductionintherenovatedfacility?
一个生产制剂的厂房,如果在去除污染和改造的前提下且不会再被用于生产青霉素产品,可否用于生产非青霉素产品,
Isthereanacceptablelevelofpenicillinresidueinnon-penicillindrugproducts?
在非青霉素药品中青霉素的残留标准是多少?
Ifafirm'sonlyoperationisperformingfinishedpackagingoperationsforbulktabletandcapsuledrugproducts,mustitstillmaintainseparatefacilitiesandequipmentforpackagingpenicillinproducts?
如果一个公司的操作仅仅是片剂和胶囊的包装,也必须是独立的厂房及设备吗?
WhatdotheCGMPsmeanbyseparatefacilities?
Mustthebuildingsbetotallyseparated,oraretheCGMPssatisfiedwhenthefloorsarephysicallyseparatedwithseparateairfiltrationunitsinstalled?
CGMP规定独立的厂房是什么意思?
厂房必须完全独立吗?
在安装有独立的空气过滤系统的情况下,楼层之间采取物理隔离可以吗?
References:
21CFR211.42(d)Design,andconstructionfeatures
21CFR211.46(d)Ventilation,airfiltration,airheatingandcooling
21CFR211.176Penicillincontamination
FederalRegister,9/29/78(Vol.43,No.190,Book2)PreambletotheCGMPsatcomment142
CGMPregulations[21CFR211.42(d)and211.46(d)]requireseparationofpenicillinsfromnon-penicillinsduringprocessing.Thediscussionofthecommentsinthepreambletotheregulationsnotethat"…isolationofpenicillinproductionoperations…canbeachievedbysealingoff…thetwooperations.""…doesnotnecessarilymean…separatebuildings."Thus,therecanbea"buildingwithinabuilding"-i.e.twobuildingsarenotrequired. However,theremustbetotalseparationofoperations,meaningeveryaspectoftheoperationsmustbeseparate.Adequateseparationshouldincludephysicalbarriersandseparateairhandlingsystems.Personnelandequipmentfromthepenicillinfacilityshouldnotenterthenon-penicillinfacility.Theseshouldoperatewithwellestablishedwrittenproceduresandcontrols.Theseparationshouldbeaudited,proceduresvalidated,andwherenecessarymonitored.
CGMP法规[21CFR211.42(d)and211.46(d)]要求青霉素与非青霉素产品在加工中独立。
相关的讨论观点“青霉素产品操作的隔离可以通过将两个操作完全分开而达到”,“并不需要独立的厂房”。
这样,可以设计成“建筑物中之建筑物”,也就是说,两个建筑是没有必要的。
然而,操作上必须完全隔离,也就是说,每一个方面都应完全隔离。
充足的隔离应当包括:
物理上的屏障及通风系统的隔离。
青霉素厂房的人员及设备不应进行非青霉素的厂房。
这些需要建立良好的书面程序并进行控制。
这种隔离应进行审计,程序应经验证,如果需要还应进行监测。
Evenwithseparation,ifanypossibilityofcontaminationexists,thenon-penicillinproductsmustbetested(21CFR211.176).Anexampleofpossiblecontaminationcouldbeinadequatecontrolsovermovementofequipmentorpersonnel.Section211.176requiresnon-penicillinproductstobetestedfortracesofpenicillinwherethepossibilityofexposureexists,andnotmarketedifdetectablelevelsofpenicillinarefound.
即使在隔离状态下,如果存在任何被污染的可能,非青霉素产品应该经过检验。
一个可能污染的例子可能是人员及设备的不充分控制。
Section211.176要求如果存在青霉素产品暴露的可能,非青霉素产品应经检查,以追踪是否存在青霉素,如果检测到青霉素产品的残留,产品不应销售。
Whilethissectionprohibitsmarketingofproductsfoundtobecontaminatedwithpenicillin,itdoesnotsanctionmarketingofnon-penicillinproductsbasedonlyontestresultsthatshownodetectablelevelsofsuchcontamination.OtherCGMPrequirementsmuststillbemet.Foradiscussiononthisissue,pleasereviewthearticle"Isitacceptableundersection211.176toreleaseproductstomarketaslongastheproductsaretestedandnopenicillinisfound?
"publishedin"HumanDrugCGMPNotes"(Volume6,Issue2,June1998).
当这些禁止上市的产品里发现被青霉素污染时,并不仅仅是根据检测结果证明在污染水平以下而不能流入市场。
同时必须满足其它CGMP要求也。
关于此部分的讨论,请参照"Isitacceptableundersection211.176toreleaseproductstomarketaslongastheproductsaretestedandnopenicillinisfound?
"publishedin"HumanDrugCGMPNotes"(Volume6,Issue2,June1998).
Crosscontaminationissueshavebeenaconcernforanumberofyears,andcontinuetobeproblematic.Inonepenicillincross-contaminationcaserevieweditwasdemonstratedhowanon-penicillinfacilitywascontaminatedbyaseparatepenicillinfacilitylocatedinthesamemanufacturingcampus.Thisoccurredduetolackofcontrolsregardingmovementsofpersonnel,equipmentandmaterials.Inanothercase,CDERconcurredwithadistrictrecommendationtowithholdapprovalonasensitizingbeta-lactammanufacturingfacilitythatwasadjacenttoanotherdrugprocessingbuilding,duetothelackofcontainmentcontrolswhichensuredagainstcrosscontaminationoftheotherdrugs.
交叉污染的问题多年来一直是个关注的问题,并且还会继续是个问题。
下面是一个青霉素污染的例子:
在同一个厂区内在独立厂房生产的青霉素和非青霉素产品,由于人员和设备及物料控制不严格导致产品受到污染。
另一个例子是一个临近头孢类产品的生产厂,由于缺乏足够的控制,CDER曾经收回其批准的证书。
ReprintedfromHUMANDRUGCGMPNOTES(Volume8,Number1),March,2000.
Thissametextisalsoreprintedinframeworksection3.2.
Isitacceptabletomanufacturepenicillinandnon-penicillinproductsinthesamefacilityonacampaign(i.e.,theconversionofproductionfacilitiestoadifferentproductlineonaroutinebasis)basis,withadequatecleaningvalidationproceduresinplace?
在同一个厂房里生产青霉素和非青霉素产品,在有足够清洁的前提下,可接受吗?
References:
21CFR211.42(d)Design,andconstructionfeatures
21CFR211.46(d)Ventilation,airfiltration,airheatingandcooling
21CFR211.176Penicillincontamination
FederalRegister,9/29/78(Vol.43,No.190,Book2)PreambletotheCGMPsatcomment148
No,itisnotacceptable.Thediscussionofthecommentsinthepreambletotheregulationsstatethat"…itisimportanttomakeclearintheseregulationsthatcompletelyseparateair-handlingfacilitiesforpenicillinandnon-penicillinproductionarerequired.".And"…becauseitispossibleforair-handlingsystemsbetweenpenicillinandnon-penicillinproductionareastobeinterconnected,...theCommissionerfindsitnecessarytostatethatanysuchinterconnectionwouldbeunacceptable."
不,不可接受。
涉及到的法规条款是“很重要的一点需要指明:
青霉素与非青霉素之间的隔离,绝对需要完全独立的空调系统”
Campaignproductionofpenicillinandanynon-penicillinproductinthesamefacilityandwiththesameequipmentviolatestheCGMPregulations[211.42(d)and.46(d)].Aconcernisthatthecleaningvalidationprocessdoesnotincludetheairhandlingsystemthroughoutthefacility.Thisisimportantbecausecampaignproductionhasthepotentialforrecontaminationoftheairhandlingsystemsandfacilities,andcanleadtocrosscontaminationofnon-penicillinproductswithpenicillin.Theconceptofdecontaminationisbroaderthanatypicalcleaningprocedurevalidation,inthatsamplingisextendedtoincludetheenvironment,aswellassurfacesofthefacilityandequipmentthataretobedecontaminated.
使用同一厂房和同一设备生产青霉素和非青霉素产品违背了CGMP法规,[211.42(d)and.46(d)]。
需注意的一点是清洁验证并不包括厂房的所有空调系统,这一点是非常重要的,因为这种生产方式可以造成潜在厂房和空调的再污染。
去除污染的概念可能要比典型的清洁的概念要宽泛的多,取样可能扩大大环境,厂房和设备的表面。
Afacilitycontaminatedwithpenicillincouldnotbeginnon-penicillinproductionuntilextensivedecontaminationandclean-upofthefacilityisaccomplishedinaccordancewiththeestablishedprocedures,andrepresentativeenvironmentalsamplesdemonstratethatthefacilityconformswithitsdecontaminationprotocol/specifications.
一个已经被青霉素污染的厂房不能再被用于生产非青霉素产品,除非依照已建立的程序进行最广泛的去除污染的清洁已经完成,有代表性的取样表明厂房按照清洁方案/程序的结果是符合的。
Currenttechnologymakesdecontaminationofairhandlingsystemsdifficult.Thisisbecausethedecontamination/cleaningprocedureswouldnecessitatesamplingandresidualtestingofotherpartsoftheairhandlingsystem,toincludetheductwork.Thiswouldbedifficultbecausetheairhandlingsystemthroughoutitslengthhasunevenareasandcrevicesthatcreatethepossibilityofpenicillinresiduebuild-up,withslough-offatundeterminedperiodsduringthenon-penicillinproductionperiod.Thuspenicillincontaminationwouldnotbeuniformlydistributedintheairhandlingsystem,and"representative"samples(retain,surfaceand/orair)maynotbeanaccurateportrayalofthelevelofcontamination.
现在的技术要想去除空调系统的污染非常困难,这是因为去除污染而进行的残留检测需要对空气处理系统进行取样,包括管道。
这是非常困难的,因为空气处理系统的不规则的面积,其内部的沟沟角角有可能使青霉素残留,而这些残留有可能在生产非青霉素产品时溶解出来。
因为青霉素的污染在空气处理系统里的不均匀分布,而使得取样的不能代表污染的水平。
21CFR211.176indicatesthatwherethepossibilityofexposureexists,non-penicillinproductsmustbetestedfortracesofpenicillinandnotmarketedifdetectablelevelsarefound.Thismeansthatrepresentativesamplesfromallbatchesofnon-penicillinproductsproducedineachcampaignmustbetestedwithanacceptablemethodandfoundnon-detectableforthepenicillinproductproducedpriortothestart-upofthenon-penicillincampaign.
21CFR211.176指明当可能存在污染时,非青霉素产品必须被检测而跟踪是否存在青霉素,如果发现有残留,不能销售。
这就是说这一个生产阶段的所有批号应取样检测,这些取样应有代表性,方法应可接受,结果应为未检出,方可进行下一阶段的生产。
Onecasewerevieweddemonstratedapositiveenvironmentalsurfacesamplefromthefanbladeofanexhausthoodintherepackroomforbeta-lactamresidue,eventhoughthemostrecentbeta-lactamrepackagingoperationhadbeenperformedmorethansixmonthspriortosampling.
我们遇到的一个例子是一个较好的例子,从包装室里的排风扇的翅子上擦试头孢残留,尽管在取样时包装操作已经超过6个月。
ReprintedfromHUMANDRUGCGMPNOTES(Volume8,Number1),March,2000.
Thissametextisalsoreprintedinframeworksections3.2and6.2.
Isita