届高考查漏补缺之英语题型专练4阅读理解科技类.docx
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届高考查漏补缺之英语题型专练4阅读理解科技类
1、 Anexperimentalclean-updevicecalledRemoveDEBRIShassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummy(仿真的)satellite,simulatingatechniquethatcouldoneclaycollectspacebornegarbage.
Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspaceclean-uptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:
junkinspace.
Millionsofpiecesofspacejunkareturningaroundinorbit,theresultof50yearsofspacetravelandfewregulationstokeepspaceclean.Atorbitalspeeds,evenasmallbitofpaintcrashingwithasatellitecancausecritical(严重的)damage.
Variouscompanieshaveplanstosendthousandsofnewsatellitesintolow-Earthorbit,alreadythemostcrowdedarea.
TheRemoveDEBRISexperimentisrunbyacompanyandresearchersledbytheU.K.’sSurreySpaceCentreandincludesAirbus, Airbus-ownedSurrey SatelliteTechnologyLtd.andFiance’sArianeGroup.
GuglielmoAglietti,directoroftheSurreySpaceCentre,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRIStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebris(碎片)canbedraggedoutoforbits.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,including deadsatellitesupto10meterslong.
TheRemoveDEBRISsatellitewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecoiningmonths,includingtestingnavigationfeaturesthatcouldhelpguidethesatellitetoaspecificpieceofdebris.
Therearestillenormousbarrierstoclearbeforeoperationalclean-uptasksareunderway,hesaid,andthemostdiscouragingisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.
Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDEBRISproject,said,"Thechallengewilllieinpersuadingtherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks."AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewclean-uptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.
1.WhatistheuseoftheRemoveDEBRISsatellite?
A.Disposingofspacewastes.B.Demonstratingspacetechnology.
C.Imitatingadevelopingtechnique.D.Solvingseriousjunkproblems.
2.HowdoestheRemoveDEBRISsatellitework?
A.Bythrowinganettotakethejunkfromorbits.
B.Byfasteningittothemainsatellitetightly.
C.Bydraggingsatellitesupto10meterslong.
D.Bytargetinglargepiecesofjunkcarefully.
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sponsor”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?
A.Accomplish.B.Support.C.Oppose.D.Provide.
4.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?
A.ACriticalIssue:
JunkinSpace
B.HowRemoveDEBRISIsDeveloped
C.WhytheRemoveDEBRISSatelliteIsInvented
D.RemoveDEBRISCollectsSpaceJunkfortheFirstTime
2、Changingtechnologystimulates(刺激)thebrainandincreasesintelligence.Butthatmayonlybetrueifthetechnologychallengesus.Inaworldrunbyintelligentmachines,ourlivescouldgetalotsimpler.Wouldthatmakeuslessintelligent?
AftertheIndustrialRevolution,machinesbegantoreplacemanualworkers.Theprocessplayedoutinagricultureaswellasmanufacturingsothatgroupsofagriculturalworkerswerereplacedandforcedtomovetocitiestomakealiving.
Whenmachinestookawaymuchofthemanualwork,peoplebecamelessphysicallyactiveandgainedweight.Thesedentary(久坐的)lifestylecontributedtoaworldwidespreadingofoverweightandrelatedmetabolicdisorderssuchasheartdisease,secondarydiabetesandkidneydisease.
Asourbodiesrested,ourbrainswereforcedtoworkharder,however.Itismuchmoredifficulttodrivethroughanovercrowdedmoderncitythanitistomovearoundinasmallruralvillage,forinstance.Modernjobsarealsomorecomplexandurgentandtheyrequiremoreeducationbecauseemployeesneedtoprocessnewinformationquickly.Evenduringourleisuretime,ourbrainsworkharderduetogreateravailabilityofbooksandexplosionofaudiovisualmedia,forentertainment,study,music,news,andsoforth.
NowintheInternetage,theamountofinformationgrowsfastalongwiththeadvanceofelectronictechnologies.ThenumberofpeoplewithwhomweinteractelectronicallygrowsbyleapsandboundsthankstotheeaseofuseofsocialmedialikeFacebookandTwitter.
Allofthisextraworkforourbrainsmakesusmoreintelligent.Thathelpsexplainwhyhumanintelligenceincreasessteadilyfromgenerationtogenerationinalldevelopedcountries,aphenomenonnamedtheFlynnEffect.Ofcourse,thereareotherreasons,includingimprovednutrition,bettermedicalpracticesthatreducebraindamage,andimprovedsanitationandpublichealththatreducediseasesofchildhood.
IntheP.GWodehousenovels,BertieWoostergotawaywithbeingafoolbecauseJeeveswastheretobackhimupwithsuperiorbrainpower.Similarly,peopleofthefutureareatriskofbeinglessintelligentbecausemachineswilldotheirthinkingforthem.
Artificialintelligenceistakingovermanyhumanjobs.Forinstance,planesarebeingflownmuchofthetimebyautomaticpilots.Moreover,thecomplexproblemofcontrollingairtrafficaroundlargemodernairportsisalsoachievedbyartificialintelligencethatoperateswellbeyondthecapabilityofmerehumanairtrafficcontrollers.
Artificialintelligenceexistsinmanyfieldsofmodernlifeforthesimplereasonthatintelligentmachinescanalreadyoutperformhumans,includingsomeaptitudes(天资)whichwereoncethoughttobeahumanadvantage,suchasplayingchessorrecallingdetailsinagameofJeopardy.
Machineintelligenceisincreasingmuchfasterthanhumanintelligence.Asmachinesgetsmarter,theywilldomoreofourthinkingforusandmakelifeeasier.
Insteadofstrugglingtoidentifyourselvestosomeelectronicsystemviapasswordsthataresecureonlyiftheyarehardtoremember,thesystemwillworkhardertoidentifyususingbiometrics(生物测定学)suchasfingerprintsoreventheindividualsoundofourhearts.Moretechnologiesofthefuturemayalsobevoice-activatedsothatwewilltalkwithmachinesmuchaswewouldtalktoafriend.
Inthefuture,theelectronicassistantwilldeveloptothepointwhereitservessimilarfunctionsasareallivingchiefmaleservantofahouse,fulfillingrequestssuchas:
“OrganizeadinnerpartyforsixonThursday,Jeeves,andinvitetheusualguests.”
Atthatpoint,ourlongstrugglewithchallengingtechnologiesisatanend.LikeBertieWooster,wecantakeiteasyknowingthatthehardworkofplanningandorganizingisbeingdonebyabetterbrain—theelectronicassistant.Starvedofmentaleffort,ourbrainswillreturntoanearlierorlessadvancedform.
Thefutureisstillinthefog.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,theIndustrialRevolutionledto________.
A.thedevelopmentofeducationB.thespreadofdiseasesintheworld
C.alifestyleofbeingphysicallyactiveD.people’sphysicalandmentalproblems
2.TheFlynnEffectreferstothephenomenonthat________.
A.extraworkcanstimulateourbrain
B.humansarebecomingsmarterandsmarter
C.thechangeinhumanintelligenceissteady
D.peopleindevelopedcountrieshavehigherintelligence
3.ThewritergavetheexampleofBertieWoostertotellus________.
A.thepossibilityofhumans'becominglessintelligent
B.theriskofmachines'destroyingtheworld
C.theendofchallengespeoplefaceinlife
D.thepowerfulfunctionsoftechnologies
4.Whyisartificialintelligencepopularinourlife?
A.Itcanimproveandupdateitself.B.Itcantakeadvantageofhumans.
C.Itcandomuchbetterthanhumans.D.Itcandealwithabstractinformation.
5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatelectronicsystems________.
A.willmaketroubleinourdailylife
B.willfunctionasthemasterofhumans
C.willbecomemoreuser-friendlyinthefuture
D.willbedesertedbecauseoftheirinconvenience
6.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Thefutureisbrightduetoartificialintelligence.
B.Willmachinesreplacemanualworkers?
C.Humanswilldevelopelectronicassistants.
D.Canartificialintelligencemakeusstupid?
3、Haveyouevernoticedthatafterabout6monthsyourperfectlynew1,000dollarsmartphonebeginstoslowdown?
WhatifItoldyouthatit'sasalesstrategythatprettymuchallphonecompaniesusetoforcepeopleintobuyingnewphones?
Inlate2015,whenLisaYoungwasinchargeofiOSsecurityandbetasoftwaretestingteams,herbossrevealedadarksecrettoher,sayingthattheywereusinganewstrategythatwouldpurposelyslowdownolderphoneseverytimethephonewouldupgradetothelatestoperatingsystem.Thisnewmethodwouldforcecustomerstobuythelatestphonemodel,increasingsalesby70%.
Shewasalittledisturbedtohearthenews,butshejustkeptherheaddownandcontinuedtodoherjob.Afterawhile,theguiltofbeinginvolvedwithsuchashadysalesmodelstartedtoweighheavilyonher."Howcouldamulti-billiondollarcorporationcontinuetotakeadvantageofthepubliclikethis?
"shethought.InMarchof2017,shecontactedareporterfromCNNtofinallyleaktheinformationconcerningAppleslowingdownphones.
Thescandal(丑闻)wentviralovernight,andeverymediaoutletintheworld,ineverylanguagewastalkingaboutit,makingitoneofthebiggestcontroversiesinconsumerelectronicshistory.Aweeklater,shewassecretlyletgoafterher8yearsofservice.Althoughshewastakingahugeriskgoingagainstoneofthemostpowerfulcorporationsintheworld,shefeltasenseofreliefexposingit.Thepublicdeservedtoknowandthefearbecamehermotivationtofindawaytodestroytheirshadysalesmodel.
Severalofhercolleagueswerefiredwithher.Theyquietlyunited,andafterayearofextensiveresearchtheydesignedauni