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版英语大一轮复习Unit4Globalwarming教师用书
Unit4 Globalwarming
话题词汇
1.environmentallyfriendly环保的
2.pollutantn.污染物
3.recyclev.回收
4.nonrenewableadj.不可再生的
5.disastrousadj.灾难性的
6.alternativeenergy替代能源
7.endangeredspecies濒危物种
8.limitednaturalresources有限的自然资源
9.globalwarming全球变暖
10.arousepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection提高公众的环保意识
话题佳作
假设你所在的学校英语角要举行一次以“低碳环保生活”为主题的活动,用英语写一篇演讲稿,建议那些坐私家车上学的同学采取更加环保的交通方式上学。
要点如下:
1.私家车排放废气是空气污染的一个主要原因;
2.建议大家骑自行车、乘坐公交车等公共交通工具上学;
3.如果每个人都这样做,将是对环保极大的贡献。
佳作欣赏
Boysandgirls,thetopicofmylectureistogotoschoolinanenvironmentallyfriendlyway.Asweallknow,automobileexhaustgasesareconsideredoneofthemajorsourceswhicharepoisoningtheairbadly.Sowecanchooseanenvironmentallyfriendlywaytogotoschool.Thatistosayweshouldavoidtakingaprivatecar.Insteadweshouldchoosepublictransport.Ifpossible,wecanrideabikeortakeabustoschool.Ifeveryoneofusfollowsthesuggestionsabove,wearegoingtocontributealottotheenvironmentprotection.
名师点睛
本文是一篇演讲稿,以第一人称和一般现在时态为主。
本文结构分为三部分:
1.问候并交待演讲主题——用环保的交通方式上学。
2.围绕主题进行阐述:
汽车尾气污染环境;可以使用绿色环保的方式上学来减少这种污染;可以乘坐公共交通工具或骑自行车上学。
3.总结:
号召大家绿色出行。
本文中使用了定语从句、状语从句、省略句等。
作者还注重运用了一些恰当的关联词语,如thatistosay,instead等,使文章过渡自然,衔接紧密。
A.写作必记单词
1.opposevt.反对;反抗;与(某人)较量
(1)beopposedto反对……(to为介词)
(2)Coulditbethepatternthattwothingsmake,asopposedto(相对于)three?
(3)InCreationorEvolution,MichaelEbifeghaexaminesthesetwoopposed(oppose)worldviewswithinthestructureofempirical(实证的)science.
(4)Thepresentopposedgiving(give)militaryaidtothiscountry.
2.consequencen.后果;结果;影响
inconsequence(=asaconsequence)结果
inconsequenceof(=asaconsequenceof)由于……的原因
beofconsequence重要的
3.statevt.陈述;说明
statementn.陈述,声明
4.steadyadj.平稳的;持续的;稳固的
5.tendencyn.倾向;趋势
(1)tendv.趋向;易于;照顾
(2)tendtodo...倾向于做……
tendtosb.照顾某人
(3)Somethinkthatawoman’sbodycellshaveatendencyto(有……的倾向)agemoreslowlythanaman’s.(2016·四川)
6.averageadj.平均的
(1)above/below(the)average在平均水平以上/以下
(2)Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:
women,onaverage(平均),getfewercoldsthanmen.(2016·四川)
(3)Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃abovetheaverage.
去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年,全球气温比平均气温高0.68℃。
(2015·重庆)
7.pollutionn.污染;弄脏
pollutevt.污染
8.circumstancen.环境;情况
(1)in/undernocircumstances决不
in/underanycircumstances在任何情况下
(2)Undernocircumstancesmustyouleavethehouse.
你决不能离开房子。
用法点拨
circumstance表示“情况,情形,环境”等,通常用复数。
9.educatorn.教育家;教育工作者
educatevt.教育
educationn.教育
10.contributionn.贡献;稿件;捐赠物
(1)contributev.贡献;投稿;有助于
(2)contributeto有助于;促使
(3)Whomadeagreatcontributionto(对……做出巨大贡献)thecivilrightsmovementintheU.S.?
(2016·全国Ⅰ)
(4)Everyoneontheteamcontributedtowinning(win)thegame.
B.阅读识记单词
11.consumevt.消费;消耗;耗尽;吃完
consumern.消费者;用户;消耗者
consumptionn.消耗(量)
12.randomadj.胡乱的;任意的
atrandom随机地;胡乱地
13.phenomenonn.现象
phenomenan.现象(复数)
14.subscribevi.同意;捐赠;订阅;vt.签署(文件);捐助
(1)subscriptionn.订阅费,订购
(2)subscribeto同意,赞成;订购;捐助
15.quantityn.数量;量
(1)inquantity(inlargequantities)大量
(2)—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?
—Becauselargequantitiesofwaterhavebeenpolluted(pollute).
用法点拨
“aquantityof+名词”作主语,谓语动词的数原则上与其中的名词的数保持一致,但“quantitiesof+名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
16.datan.资料;数据
用法点拨
data作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。
17.mildadj.温和的;温柔的;淡的
18.rangen.种类;范围
(1)arangeof一系列……
(2)It’sbeyond/outoftherangeof(超出……的范围)myability.
19.glancevi.看一下;扫视;n.一瞥
HemusthavesensedthatIwaslookingathim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,“Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?
”(填介词)(2015·湖南)
20.widespreadadj.分布广的;普遍的
21.existencen.生存;存在
inexistence现存;存在
comeintoexistence开始形成
22.advocatevt.拥护;提倡;主张;n.拥护者,支持者,提倡者
Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlytoadvocateteaching(teach)literaturetotouchtheheart.
用法点拨
advocate后跟动词时用动名词形式。
23.commitmentn.承诺;交托;信奉
commitvt.犯(罪/错);承诺,保证;交托
24.growthn.增长;生长
growvt.&vi.种植,生长
25.electricaladj.电的;与电有关的
electricadj.电的,用电操作的
electronicadj.电子的
electricityn.电
26.casualadj.随便的;漫不经心的;偶然的
27.refreshvt.使恢复;使振作;使想起
(1)Tohaveyourcompanyexhibitsuchgoodserviceisunbelievablyrefreshing(refresh).
(2)Ahotbathisagreatrefreshment(refresh)afteraday’swork.
(3)Iawokefeelingrestedandrefreshed(refresh).
28.disagreementn.分歧;不一致
1.comeabout发生;造成
Howdoesitcomeaboutthatyouwerecaughtbythepolice?
(填代词)
用法点拨
comeabout相当于happen或occur,均无被动形式。
2.goup上升;增长;升起
3.resultin导致
Hardworkresultsinsuccess.(同义句转换)
→Successresultsfromhardwork.
4.evenif即使
5.keepon继续
6.onthewhole大体上;基本上
(1)asawhole整体上;一般说来
(2)Onthewhole,Brooks’sstoryisacceptableifuninspired.
总体而言,Brooks的故事是可接受的,即使是缺乏创见的。
(2015·湖北)
7.onbehalfof代表……一方;作为……的代言人
Onbehalfofmyschool,Iwouldliketoexpressmyfeelings.
代表我的学校,我想表达一下我的感想。
(2016·天津)
8.putupwith忍受;容忍
9.andsoon等等;诸如此类
1.Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.
毫无疑问,地球正变得更加暖和,并且全球变暖是人为的,而不是随意的自然现象。
2.Evenifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases,theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量,在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内,气候仍会持续转暖。
3.ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyouareusingit—ifnot,turnitoff!
只要你在使用电器设备,你便可以把它开着,如果不用就把它关掉!
用法点拨
solongas(=aslongas)只要,引导条件状语从句。
aslongas还可译为“长达,和……一样长,和……一样长久”。
(1)TheybelieveIcansucceednexttimeaslongasIworkharder.
他们相信只要我更加努力学习下次我就能成功。
(2)Thedeskisaslongasfivemetres.
这张桌子长达5米。
4.Ittakesalotofenergytomakethingsfromnewmaterials,so,ifyoucan,buythingsmadefromrecycledmaterials.
用新材料来制作物品要花费大量的能源,因此,只要有可能,就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。
Ⅰ.教材与语法填空
Thereisnodoubt1.thattheearthisbecomingwarmerbutthereisafiercedebateoverwhetheritishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarming2.oritisjustanaturalphenomenon.
ManyscientistslikeDr.JaniceFosterbelievethatpeoplehavecaused3.theincreaseintheearth’stemperaturebyburningfossilfuelslikecoal,naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergywhosebyproducts4.arecalled(call)“greenhouse”gases,themostimportantone5.being(be)carbondioxide.Thesegasestrapheatfromthesunandthereforewarmtheearth,without6.whichtheearthwouldbeaboutthirtythreedegreesCelsiuscooler7.thanitis.But8.increased(increase)amountofextracarbondioxidemeansthatmoreheatenergyistrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.
9.Ontheotherhand,scientistslikeGeorgeHambleybelievethatanywarmingwillbemildwithfewbadenvironmentalconsequencesandmorecarbondioxideis10.actually(actual)apositivething.
Ⅱ.教材与短文改错
Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.SometimesIfeltthatindividualscannothaveanyeffectatsuchhugeenvironmentalproblems.Anyway,I’mnotsurewheretostartitwithmyproject.SoIwouldlovetogetanysuggestion.Itissuggestedthatwetookmanymeasures.Forexample,wecanbuythingsmakingfromrecycledmaterials.Plantingtreesisalsogoodway.Important,wecanaskyourfamilyandfriendstoworktogetherwithus.Wecangetourparentstobuyproductsthataremadetosaveenergy.Remembering—ourcontributioncounts.
答案
Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.SometimesI
thatindividualscannothaveanyeffect
suchhugeenvironmentalproblems.Anyway,I’mnotsurewheretostartitwithmyproject.SoIwouldlovetogetany
.Itissuggestedthatwe
manymeasures.Forexample,wecanbuythings
fromrecycledmaterials.Plantingtreesisalso
goodway.
,wecanask
familyandfriendstoworktogetherwithus.Wecangetourparentstobuyproductsthataremadetosaveenergy.
—ourcontributioncounts.
Ⅲ.教材与微写作
写作素材
(关于环保)
1.不同的科学家对全球变暖有不同的看法。
2.有些科学家同意全球变暖是个灾难。
3.全球气温不断增长可能会导致洪水、干旱和饥荒。
4.其他科学家反对这种观点,认为这种变暖会很温和。
5.它不会在环境方面导致严重的后果。
提示:
黑体部分用本单元词汇表达,并且请使用that引导的同位语从句,现在分词短语作状语。
连句成篇
(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Differentscientistshavedifferentopinionsonglobalwarming.Somescientistssubscribetotheviewthatglobalwarmingwillbeacatastrophe.Theglobaltemperaturegoesupsteadily,whichresultsinfloods,droughtandfamines.Othersareopposedtothis,sayingthewarmingwillbemildwithnosevereenvironmentalconsequences.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2016·湖南益阳箴言中学月考)
WilmaSubrahadnointentionofbecomingapublicspeaker.Aftergraduatingfromcollegewithdegreesinchemistryandmicrobiology,shewenttoworkatGulfSouthResearchInstituteinLouisiana.
Aspartofherjob,sheconductedfieldresearchontoxic(poisonous)substancesintheenvironment,ofteninminoritycommunitieslocatednearlargeindustrialpolluters.Shefoundmanyfamilieswerebeingexposedtohigh,sometimesdeadlylevelsofchemicalsandothertoxicsubstances.Butshewasnotallowedtomakeherinformationpublic.
Frustratedbytheserestrictions,Subraleftherjobin1981,createdherowncompanyandhasdevotedthepasttwodecadestohelpingpeoplefightbackagainstgiantindustrialpolluters.Sheworkswithfamiliesandcommunitygroupstoconductenvironmentaltests,interprettestresults,andorganizeforchange.
Becauseofherefforts,dozensoftoxicsitesacrossthecountryhavebeencleanedup.Andonechemicalindustryspokespersoncallsher“atopgun”fortheenvironmentalmovement.
HowhasSubraachievedallthis?
Partlythroughherscientifictraining.Partlythroughhercommitmenttoenvironmentaljustice.Butjustasimportantisherabilitytocommunicatewithpeoplethroughpublicspeaking.“Publicspeaking,”shesays,“istheprimaryvehicleIuseforreachingpeople.”
IfyouhadaskedSubrabefore1981“Doyouseeyourselfas