21世纪大学实用英语第三册Unit 2.docx

21世纪大学实用英语第三册Unit 2.docx

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21世纪大学实用英语第三册Unit2

Unit2

Successisachoice

（21stCenturyPracticalCollegeEnglishIII）

I.Introduction

Inthisunit,theauthortellsusthatthekeytosuccessisyourownchoicetoworkhard.Writethenameofsomeonewhoyouthinkisverysuccessfulineachofthefollowingcareers（职业）.Thinkaboutthesepeople’spersonalities（个性）andexperiences（经历）.Whatimportantfactorsdoyoubelieveleadthemtosuccess?

Nowreadthefollowingtextandseeifyourchoiceagreeswiththatofthewriter.

Career

SuccessfulPerson

Career

SuccessfulPerson

athlete

politician

writer

scientist

actor/actress

LiuXiang

Dengxiaoping

ErnestHemingway

Einstein

Chaplin

Businessman

armygeneral

musician

inventor

educator

BillGates

Macarthur

Beethoven

JamesWatt

Confucius

II.OralDiscussioninClass

1.WhodeservesvictoryaccordingtoWinstonChurchill?

2.Whatmustonedotorealizehisorherdream?

3.Accordingtothewriter,howweretheSistineChapelandthefirsttranscontinental（横贯大陆的）railroadconstructed?

4.Whatiscommontoallgreatpeopleandallgreatorganizations?

5.Apartfromtheworkethic,whatelsecanpromiseyousuccess?

6.Inthetext,whatdoesfool’sgold（愚人金）refertospecifically?

Giveanexampleofit.

7.Whatstandarddoesthewriter’sbasketballteamsetforthemselves?

8.Whydoesthewriterbelievethathisteamwillwineveninclosegames?

9.Whatkindofplayerswouldhaveproblemsworkingwiththewriter?

10.Whatadvicedoesthewritergivetopeoplewhowanttosucceed?

11.Whydoesthewritersaythatsuccessisachoice?

III.IntensiveReading（TextA）

A.RelatedBackgroundInformation

WinstonChurchill（1874-1965）（丘吉尔）

SirWinstonLeonardSpencerChurchillbecameoneofthegreateststatesmeninworldhistory.ChurchillreachedtheheightofhisfameastheheroicprimeministerofGreatBritainduringWorldWarII.Heofferedhispeopleonly“blood,toil,tears,andsweat”astheystruggledtokeeptheirfreedom.Churchillalsowasanotedspeaker,author,painter,soldier,andwarreporter.

（Fromthe1998WorldBookEncyclopedia）

TheSistineChapel（西斯廷大教堂）

TheSistineChapelisafamouschapelinthepalaceoftheVaticaninRome.ItwaserectedbyPopeSixtusIVin1473.Thechiefpapalceremoniestakeplaceinthischapel.Thechapelisalsowherethecardinalsvoteforanewpope.CanonizationsandotherceremoniesareheldinSt.PetersBasilica.

TheSistineChapelisasimplebuilding,134feet（41meters）longby44feet（13meters）wide,and85feet（26meters）high.ButithasonitswallsandceilingsomeofthegreatestarteverproducedintheWesternworld.Brilliantartistsofthelate1400’sdecoratedthewallswithpaintingsthattellthestoriesofMosesandChrist.OntheceilingareBiblicalstoriespaintedbythegreatartistMichelangelobetween1508and1512.Thestoriestellthehistoryofthecreationoftheworld,thefallofhumanity,andtheflood.OnthewallabovethealtarisTheLastJudgment,apainting60feet（18meters）highand30feet（9meters）wide.MichelangeloworkedonTheLastJudgmentbetween1536and1541.

（Fromthe1998WorldBookEncyclopedia）

ThefirsttranscontinentalrailroadintheUS

Intheearly1860’s,theUnitedStatesgovernmentdecidedtoextendraillinesacrossthecountry.Theproposedrouteroughlyfollowedthe42ndparallelfromOmaha,Nebraska,toSacramento,California.EasternraillinesweretobeextendedwestwardfromChicagotomeetthenewrailroadatOmaha.CongresspassedthePacificRailroadActin1862.Theactgavetwocompaniesresponsibilityforbuildingtherailroad.TheUnionPacificwastostartlayingtrackwestwardfromapointnearOmaha.TheCentralPacificRailroadwastolaytrackeastwardfromSacramento.Congressgrantedbothrailroadslargetractsoflandandmillionsofdollarsingovernmentloans.

WorkbeganontheCentralPacifictrackin1863andontheUnionPacificin1865.TherailroadsfacedthegigantictaskofcrossingtheruggedRockiesandthetoweringSierraNevada.Toobtainthenecessarylabor,theCentralPacifichiredthousandsofChineseimmigrantstoworkontherailroad.ThousandsofEuropeanimmigrantsworkedontheUnionPacific.OnMay10,1869,thetracksofthetworailroadsfinallymetatPromontory,Utah.NorthAmericabecamethefirstcontinenttohavearaillinefromcoasttocoast.（Fromthe1998WorldBookEncyclopedia）

TheDepression

Depressionisadeep,extendedslumpintotalbusinessactivity.Buyingandsellingdropduringadepression,causingadeclineinproduction,prices,income,andemployment.Moneybecomesscarce.Manybusinessesfail,andmanyworkerslosetheirjobs.Adepressioncanhitanindustry,aregion,anation,ortheworld.

Inhistory,theGreatDepressionwasaworldwidebusinessslumpofthe1930’s.Itrankedastheworstandlongestperiodofhighunemploymentandlowbusinessactivityinmoderntimes.TheGreatDepressionbeganinOctober1929,whenstockvaluesintheUnitedStatesdroppedrapidly.Thousandsofstockholderslostlargesumsofmoney.Manyofthesestockholderswereevenwipedout.Banks,factories,andstoresclosedandleftmillionsofAmericansjoblessandpenniless.Manypeoplehadtodependonthegovernmentorcharitytoprovidethemwithfood.（Fromthe1998WorldBookEncyclopedia）

B.DifficultSentencesandStructure

1.Anyotherpromiseofachievementisfool’sgold.（para.4）

任何其他关于成功的许诺都不过是愚人金。

Fool’sgold原意是酷似黄金的黄铁（铜）矿，在这里喻指骗人的东西。

2.Thebottomline:

Nothingmeaningfulorlastingcomeswithoutworkinghardatit（para.7）

这是一个由nothing...without...构成的双重否定句，语气强烈。

3.Inclosegames,whenthepressureintensifiesandthemarginbetweenwhowinsandwholosescanbeasthinasaneggshell...:

（para.12）

when引导了两个定语从句，即thepressureintensifies和themarginbetweenwhowinsandwholosescanbeasthinasaneggshell。

4.Successisnotaluckybreak.Itisnotadivineright.Itisnotanaccidentofbirth.（para.16）

成功不是幸运的机缘；成功不是神赐的权利；成功不是天生的运气。

句中的break和accident都有运气、机缘的意思。

C.KeyWords

1.rally:

v.comeorbringtogetheragainforasharedproposeoreffort重新集合，重整

【典型例句】Thegeneralralliedhistiredsoldiersandtheydrovetheenemyback.

将军重新集合起手下疲惫的士兵，把敌人赶了回去。

Thepoliticianralliedhissupporters.这位政治家将自己的支持者们召集起来。

2.deserve:

vt.besth.orhavedonesth.forwhichoneshouldreceive（areward,specialtreatment,etc.）;beentitledto;beworthyof应受（奖赏、特殊待遇等），应得，值得

【搭配】deservewellofsb.应该受到某人好的待遇；deserveillofsb.应该受到某人坏的待遇；

【联想】desertsn.应得到的事物deservedlyad.应得地

【典型例句】Shedeservesarewardforherefforts.她积极努力，应得到奖赏。

Criminalsdeservepunishment.罪犯应受惩罚。

Youhavebeenworkingallday—youdeserveagoodrest.

你已经工作了整整一天——你应该好好休息一下了。

Ithardlydeservestobecalledbysuchaname.它几乎不配叫这个名字。

3.achievement:

n.actionofachieving;thingdonesuccessfully,esp.witheffortandskill达到，完成，实现；成就，成绩

【搭配】scientificachievements科学成就；academic/scholarlyachievement学习成绩/学术成就；abrilliantachievementinwar辉煌的战绩；rejoiceinone’sachievement为某人的成就而高兴；agreatsenseofachievement巨大的成就感;heroic/academic/scientificachievements英雄业绩/学习成绩/科学成就

【辨异】achievement指不顾困难，连续努力所取得的成就，尤其是在科技方面的成就；conquest“征服”，含有完全把对方压倒的意思；performance“学业成绩，执行，表演”；success指个人在事业和名利上的成就，强调得到了满意的结果；triumph指光荣的、卓越的胜利，强调胜利的喜讯，后面常跟介词over；victory“胜利，战胜”，指在比赛、竞争、战胜中获得的胜利。

【典型例句】Hehasbrokentwoworldrecordsinoneday,whichisquiteanachievement.

他一天打破两项世界纪录，这真是了不起的成绩。

4.pointless:

a.withlittleornosense,aimorpurpose无意义的；没有目的的

【搭配】pointat瞄准（=pointtowards）；pointout指出；besidethepoint和手头的事无关的；inpoint有关系的，相关的；inpointof就…而言；关于……；makeapointof特别注意；stretchapoint破例；tothepoint切题的，切中的有关正在讨论的事件的；on/upon/atthepointof正要……之际；keep/speaktothepoint讲正题，不离题；cometothepoint回到正题；atallpoints在各方，充分地；inpointoffact事实上；pointto表明；tothepointof到达……程度，简直可说是;apointlessactivity/life/story毫无意义的活动/生活/故事

【典型例句】Iwasonthepointoftelephoninghimwhenhisletterarrived.

我正要给他打电话，他的信就到了。

It’spointlesstoargue.争论是没有意义的。

5.sweat:

1.n.naturalmoisturewhichcomesthroughtheskinwhenoneishot,ill,afraid,workinghard,etc.汗，汗水v.producesweat;beanxiousorworriedabout;workhard出汗；为...着急；为...担心；干得汗流浃背，拼命干

【搭配】sweatblood拼命工作；sweatout出一身汗以去掉（某种疾病）；sweatitout

忍受……到底；nosweat轻易的

【典型例句】Theyoungmedicalstudenthatedwatchinghisfirstoperation,buthehadtosweatitout.

译文：

这个年轻的医科学生第一次看人开刀时实在看不下去，但他不得不硬着头皮看到底。

6.organization:

n.organizedgroupofpeople组织，机构

（a）anon-profitorganization非盈利机构

（b）WHO（WorldHealthOrganization）世界卫生组织

7.ethic:

n.systemofmoralprinciples;rulesofconduct伦理标准；道德规范，行为准则

（a）Weallneedanethicbywhichtoleadourlives.我们都需要一种道德标准来指引我们的生活。

（b）social/medicalethic社会道德/医德

8.intense:

a.strongorgreat,esp.inqualityorfeeling;extreme强烈的，剧烈的；极度的

【搭配】intenseanger盛怒；intensecompetition激烈的竞争；intenseeffort极大的努力；intenseheat酷热；intenseinterest浓厚的兴趣；intensejealousy极端的嫉妒；intensepain剧痛；intenselife紧张的生活；intenselonging渴望；instensestudy认真的探究；intenseperson感情丰富的人；instensedevotingtoduty认真负责;intensehappiness/heat/interest深深的喜悦/滚滚热浪/浓厚的兴趣

【典型例句】Themusicarousedanintensefeelingofhomesicknessinhim.音乐激起了他强烈的思乡情绪。

9.effort:

n.attemptusingallone’spowers努力

【搭配】sparenoeffort不遗余力；poolourefforts共同努力；make/exertefforts（aneffort）to努力做；redoubleone’sefforts加倍努力；beaneffortto费劲

【辨异】见attempt

【典型例句】Thedirectors’effortstoimprovethecomprehensivemanagementinthecompanyhavebeenveryeffective.董事们为改进公司的全面管理做出的努力是卓有成效的。

Theteacherspentmucheffortontheslowstudents.老师在反应慢的同学身上花了很多功夫。

Alloureffortsendedinfailure.我们所有的努力都以失败而告终。

You’dbettermakeanefforttoimproveyourhandwriting.你该花点功夫练练字了。

10.