剑桥雅思6第一套阅读原文+详细解析.docx

剑桥雅思6第一套阅读原文+详细解析.docx

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剑桥雅思6第一套阅读原文+详细解析

AUSTRALIA'SSPORTINGSUCCESS

A Theyplayhard,theyplayoften,andtheyplaytowin.Australiansportsteamswinmorethantheirfairshareoftitles,demolishingrivalswithseemingease.Howdotheydoit?

Abigpartofthesecretisanextensiveandexpensivenetworkofsportingacademiesunderpinnedbyscienceandmedicine.AttheAustralianInstituteofSport（AIS）,hundredsofyoungstersandprosliveandtrainundertheeyesofcoaches.Anotherbody,theAustralianSportsCommission（ASC）,financesprogrammesofexcellenceinatotalof96sportsforthousandsofsportsmenandwomen.Bothprovideintensivecoaching,trainingfacilitiesandnutritionaladvice.

　　B Insidetheacademies,sciencetakescentrestage.TheAISemploysmorethan100sportsscientistsanddoctors,andcollaborateswithscoresofothersinuniversitiesandresearchcentres.AISscientistsworkacrossanumberofsports,applyingskillslearnedinone-suchasbuildingmusclestrengthingolfers-toothers,suchasswimmingandsquash.Theyarebackedupbytechnicianswhodesigninstrumentstocollectdatafromathletes.Theyallfocusononeaim:

winning.‘Wecan'twasteourtimelookingatetherealscientificquestionsthatdon'thelpthecoachworkwithanathleteandimproveperformance,'saysPeterFricker,chiefofscienceatAIS.

　　C Alotoftheirworkcomesdowntomeasurement-everythingfromtheexactangleofaswimmer’sdivetothesecond-by-secondpoweroutputofacyclist.Thisdataisusedtowringimprovementsoutofathletes.Thefocusisonindividuals,tweakingperformancestosqueezeanextrahundredthofasecondhere,anextramillimetrethere.Nogainistooslighttobotherwith.It’sthetiny,gradualimprovementsthatadduptoworld-beatingresults.Todemonstratehowthesystemworks,BruceMasonatAISshowsofftheprototypeofa3Danalysistoolforstudyingswimmers.Awire-framemodelofachampionswimmerslicesthroughthewater,herarmsmovinginslowmotion.Lookingside-on,Masonmeasuresthedistancebetweenstrokes.Fromabove,heanalyseshowherspineswivels.Whenfullydeveloped,thissystemwillenablehimtobuildabiomechanicalprocoachestousetohelpbuddingswimmers.Mason'scontributiontosportalsoincludesthedevelopmentoftheSWAN（SWimmingANalysis）systemnowusedinAustraliannationalcompetitions.Itcollectsimagesfromdigitalcamerasrunningat50framesasecondandbreaksdowneachpartofaswimmer'sperformanceintofactorsthatcanbeanalysedindividually-strokelength,strokefrequency,averagedurationofeachstroke,velocity,start,lapandfinishtimes,andsoon.Attheendofeachrace,SWANspitsoutdataoneachswimmer

　　D ‘Takealook,'saysMason,pullingoutasheetofdata.Hepointsoutthedataontheswimmersinsecondandthirdplace,whichshowsthattheonewhofinishedthirdactuallyswamfaster.Sowhydidhefinish35hundredthsofaseconddown?

‘Histurntimeswere44hundredthsofasecondbehindtheotherguy,'saysMason.‘Ifhecanimproveonhisturns,hecandomuchbetter’ThisisthekindofaccuracythatAISscientists'researchisbringingtoarangeofsports.

　　WiththeCooperativeResearchCentreforMicroTechnologyinMelbourne,theyaredevelopingunobtrusivesensorsthatwillbeembeddedinanathlete'sclothesorrunningshoestomonitorheartrate,sweating,heatproductionoranyotherfactorthatmighthaveanimpactonanathlete'sabilitytorun.There'smoretoitthansimplymeasuringperformance.Frickergivestheexampleofathleteswhomaybedownwithcoughsandcolds11or12timesayear.Afteryearsofexperimentation,AlSandtheUniversityofNewcastleinNewSouthWalesdevelopedatestthatmeasureshowmuchoftheimmune-systemproteinimmunoglobulinAispresentinathletes'saliva.IfIgAlevelssuddenlyfallbelowacertainlevel,trainingiseasedordroppedaltogether.Soon,IgAlevelsstartrisingagain,andthedangerpasses.Sincethetestswereintroduced,AISathletesinallsportshavebeenremarkablysuccessfulatstayinghealthy.

　　E Usingdataisacomplexbusiness.Wellbeforeachampionship,sportsscientistsandcoachesstarttopreparetheathletebydevelopinga‘competitionmodel',basedonwhattheyexpectwillbethewinningtimes.‘Youdesignthemodeltomakethattime,'saysMason.‘Astartofthismuch,eachfree-swimmingperiodhastobethisfast,withacertainstrokefrequencyandstrokelength,withturnsdoneinthesetimes.'Allthetrainingisthengearedtowardsmakingtheathletehitthosetargets,bothoverallandforeachsegmentoftherace.TechniqueslikethesehavetransformedAustraliaintoarguablytheworld'smostsuccessfulsportingnation.

　　F Ofcourse,there'snothingtostopothercountriescopying-andmanyhavetried.Someyearsago,theAISunveiledcoolant-linedjacketsforenduranceathletes.AttheAtlantaOlympicGamesin1996,theseslicedasmuchastwopercentoffcyclists'androwers'times.Noweveryoneusesthem.Thesamehashappenedtothe‘altitudetent',developedbyAIStoreplicatetheeffectofaltitudetrainingatsealevel.ButAustralia'ssuccessstoryisaboutmorethaneasilycopiedtechnologicalfixes,anduptonownonationhasreplicateditsall-encompassingsystem.

　　Questions1-7

　　ReadingPassage1hassixparagraphs,A-F.

　　Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

　　Writethecorrectletter,A-F,inboxes1-7onyouranswersheet.

　　NB   Youmayuseanylettermorethanonce.

　　1 areferencetotheexchangeofexpertisebetweendifferentsports

　　2 anexplanationofhowvisualimagingisemployedininvestigations

　　3 areasonfornarrowingthescopeofresearchactivity

　　4 howsomeAISideashavebeenreproduced

　　5 howobstaclestooptimumachievementcanbeinvestigated

　　6 anoverviewofthefundedsupportofathletes

　　7 howperformancerequirementsarecalculatedbeforeanevent

　　Questions8-11

　　Classifythefollowingtechniquesaccordingtowhetherthewriterstatesthey

　　A  arecurrentlyexclusivelyusedbyAustralians

　　B  willbeusedinthefuturebyAustralians

　　C  arecurrentlyusedbybothAustraliansandtheirrivals

　　Writethecorrectletter,A,BorC,inboxes8-11onyouranswersheet.

　　8 cameras

　　9 sensors

　　10 proteintests

　　11 altitudetents

　　Questions12and13

　　Answerthequestionsbelow.

　　ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERfromthepassageforeachanswer.

　　Writeyouranswersinboxes12and13onyouranswersheet.

　　12 Whatisproducedtohelpanathleteplantheirperformanceinanevent?

　　13 Byhowmuchdidsomecyclists'performanceimproveatthe1996OlympicGames?

篇章结构

　　体裁 说明文

　　主题 澳大利亚的体育成就

　　结构 A段：

澳大利亚体育成绩斐然 B段：

科技是第一生产力

　　C段：

精确测量和数据分析 D段：

精确测量和数据分析的实例

　　E段：

数据的实际应用 F段：

不可复制的成功

　　必背词汇

A段 

　　fair adj.合理的pro n.职业运动员

　　demolish v.击败；破坏，毁坏 undertheeyeof 在……的注意下

　　rival n.竞争者，对手 body n.团体，机构

　　seeming adj.表面上的（通常事实并非如此） finance v.给……提供经费

　　ease n.不费力，轻松 excellence n.优秀，卓越

　　extensive adj.广泛的，涉及面广的 intensive adj.强化的

　　underpin v.以……为稳固基础 nutritional adj.营养的

B段 

　　centrestage 中心地位 squash n.壁球

　　collaborate v.合作 instrument n.仪器，器械

　　golfer n.打高尔夫球的人 ethereal adj.飘渺的，引申为不切实际的

C段 

　　comedownto（sth.）可归结为 wire-frame adj.线框的

　　second-by-second 每秒的 slice v.划开；切开

　　output n.输出 slowmotion 慢动作

　　wring…outof 原义为扭，榨取，此处引申为从……中（经过努力）获得 side-on 从侧面

　　stroke n.划动，划水

　　tweak v.扭，用力拉 spine n.脊柱

　　world-beating adj.举世瞩目的 swivel v.旋转

　　prototype n.原型 biomechanical adj.生物力（学）的

　　profile n.原义为轮廓、外形，此处意为模型 velocity n.速度，速率

　　lap n.一圈

　　budding adj.发展中的 spitout 原义是吐出，此处引申为显示出、分析出

　　frame n.帧，画面

D段 

　　turntime 转身时间 immunoglobulin n.免疫球蛋白

　　unobtrusive adj.不显眼的，不醒目的 present adj.存在的

　　sensor n.传感器 saliva n.唾液

　　embed v.使插入；使嵌入 ease v.减轻，减弱

　　sweat v.出汗，发汗 remarkably adv.显著地，引人注目地；非常地

　　experimentation n.实验，试验

　　immune-system 免疫系统的

E段 

　　complex adj.复杂的 transform v.转换，转变，改变

　　championship n.冠军赛 arguably adv.可论证地（可辩论地），有理由说地

　　gear v.调整，（使）适合

　　segment n.部分

F段 

　　unveil v.展示（新产品）；揭开 altitudetent 高原帐篷

　　coolant-lined 流线型散热 replicate v.复制

　　endurance n.耐力；忍耐力 encompass v.包含或包括某事物

　　slice v.减少，降低

　　难句解析

　　1.Alotoftheirworkcomesdowntomeasurement—everythingfromtheexactangleofaswimmer'sdivetothesecond-by-secondpoweroutputofacyclist.

　　参考译文：

许多工作都涉及具体测量，测量内容包括从游泳运动员潜水的精确角度到自行车运动员每秒功率输出的所有数据。

　　语言点：

　　comedownto：

归结为；涉及Ifacomplicatedsituationorproblemcomesdowntosomething,thatisthesinglemostimportantthing

　　Itallcomesdowntomoneyintheend.归根到底，一切都是因为钱。

　　2.Nogainistooslighttobotherwith.

　　参考译文：

无论多么微小的收获都值得为之努力。

　　语言点：

（1）too…to的用法：

表示否定的含义，译为“太……以致于不能”。

本句话虽然短，却因为有no否定词和too…to句型而出现了肯定的意思，因此要格外注意。

可以根据“负负得正”的原则直接将原句翻译成肯定的意思，便于理解。

（2）gainn.获得

　　①[C]anadvantageorimprovement,especiallyoneachievedbyplanningoreffort

　　②[U&C]anincreaseintheamountorlevelofsomething

　　③[U]financialprofit,especiallywhenthisseemstobetheonlythingsomeoneisinterestedinThepartymadeconsiderablegainsatlocalelections.该党派在地方选举中获得许多利益。

　　（3）botherv.努力做:

tomaketheefforttodosomething

　　①（not）bothertodosomething

　　Hedidn'tbothertoanswerthequestion.

　　②（not）botherabout/with

　　Hedidn'tbotherwithareply.

　　③（not）botherdoingsomething

　　Manyyoungpeopledidn'tbothervoting.

　　don't/didn't/won'tetc.bother

　　‘Doyouwantmetowaitforyou?

’‘No,don'tbother.’

　　Whybothertogoabroadwhentherearesomanyniceplaceshere?

　　3.Youdesignthemodeltomakethattime Astartofthismuch,eachfree-swimmingperiodhastobethisfast,withacertainstrokefrequencyandstrokelength,withturnsdoneinthesetimes.

　　参考译文：

人们设计一种模式以达到预期的速度，该模式规定了出发时间的长短、每次划水的速率、一定的划频和划距、转身所需的时间等等。

　　注意：

代词this和that，these等所指代的东西，需要通过上下文理解掌