基于单片机的数字人体心率计的设计与实现.docx

基于单片机的数字人体心率计的设计与实现.docx

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基于单片机的数字人体心率计的设计与实现

摘要

生物医学信号指标与人体的健康息息相关，只有掌握其中规律才能更好的解决人体的健康问题。

随着电子信息技术的发展和医学的不断进步，人们对高精度便捷式生物医学信号电子检测设备的需求越来越高。

心率和体温是人体的两个重要指标，根据所学知识制作了此心率计。

设计是基于单片机的数字人体心率计，从可实现性和经济性方面考虑，决定采用51单片机作为设计的主控芯片，使用红外光电传感器作为心率的采集模块，而体温的采集则使用18b20温度传感器，外加显示模块和功能选择模块。

心率和体温的采集部位均为指尖，采集信号经单片机处理后输出给显示模块显示最终的结果。

从硬件电路到程序设计，主要解决了如下的几个问题：

1、心率信号由红外光电传感器采集，经过两级放大将原信号放大后，再由比较电路进行整形，输出能使单片机更好识别的脉冲波信号；

2、体温信号由单线温度传感器18b20采集，采集数据经过转换计算后变为温度，最后单片机输出体温测量结果；

3、测量的结果都是以数字形式输出，3位一体数码管显示结果，使测量结果的读取简单精确化；

4、按键和程序的结合运用，使得心率计和体温计功能切换更加方便快捷。

关键词：

心率；体温；单片机；红外传感器；温度传感器

Abstract

Biomedicalsignalindexesandhumanhealtharecloselyrelated,onlytomasterthelawcanbettersolvethehealthproblemsofthehumanbody.Withthedevelopmentofelectronicinformationtechnologyandthedevelopmentofmedicine,thedemandforhighprecisionportablebiomedicalsignalelectronictestingequipmentismoreandmorehigh.Heartrateandbodytemperaturearetwoimportantindicatorsofthehumanbody,basedontheknowledgetomaketheheartratemeter.

ThedesignofdigitalhumanbodyheartratemeterbasedonSCM,fromrealizationandeconomicconsiderations,decidedtoadoptthe51microcontrollerasthemaincontrolchip,theuseofinfraredphotoelectricsensorastheacquisitionmodule,heartrate,andbodytemperatureacquisitionusing18B20temperaturesensorissimple,andthedisplaymoduleandthefunctionmodule.Thesamplingpositionofheartrateandbodytemperaturewerethefingertips,signalacquisitionandprocessingbytheMCUoutputtothedisplaymoduletodisplaythefinalresults.

Thehardwarecircuitdesignprocedures,mainlysolvesseveralproblemsasfollows:

1,theheartratesignalbyinfraredphotoelectricsensoracquisition,aftertwogradegeneralrawsignalamplification,shapingbycomparisoncircuit,outputthepulsewavesignalmicrocontrollerbetterrecognition;

2,thetemperaturesignalbyasingletemperaturesensor18B20acquisition,acquisitiondatathroughtheconversionintoatemperaturemeasurementresultsatlast,microcontrolleroutputtemperature;

3,themeasurementresultsareoutputindigitalform,oneof3digitaltubedisplayresults,readthemeasurementresultsofsimpleaccurate;

Combiningthe4,keysandprogram,theheartratemeterandthermometerfunctionswitchingmoreconvenient.

Keywords:

heartrate,bodytemperature,singlechip,infraredsensor,temperaturesensor

摘要·············································I

Abstract···········································II

目录·············································IV

1绪论···········································1

1.1选题背景及意义······································1

1.2国外研究现状和发展趋势····························2

1.3论文结构概括········································3

2设计方案及论证···································4

2.1方案一··············································4

2.2方案二··············································5

2.3方案论证············································6

3硬件电路概述及元器件介绍·························6

3.1硬件电路总方框图····································6

3.2单片机模块··········································7

3.3心率信号采集模块····································10

3.4体温信号采集模块····································15

3.5显示模块············································18

3.6功能选择模块········································23

4程序设计·········································24

4.1主程序设计··········································24

4.2心率测试程序设计····································29

4.3体温测试程序设计····································34

5设计完成及整体调试·······························41

5.1硬件电路的焊接及调试································41

5.2程序的下载及调试····································43

5.3调试中的干扰········································45

6总结和展望·······································46

6.1总结··············································46

6.2展望··············································47

参考文献···········································48

致·············································50

附录1设计总电路图······························51

附录2设计实物图································52

附录3程序清单··································54

附录4外文文献及翻译····························69

1绪论

1.1选题背景及意义

心率（HeartRate）是用来描述心动周期的专业术语，是指心脏每分钟跳动的次数，以第一声音为准。

心率，现代汉语将心率解释为“心脏跳动的频率”。

频率就是在单位时间，某件事情发生的次数。

两种解释合起来就是，心脏在一定时间跳动的次数，也就是在一定时间，心脏跳动快慢的意思。

健康成人的心率为60～100次/分，大多数为60～80次/分，女性稍快；3岁以下的小儿常在100次/分以上；老年人偏慢。

成人每分钟心率超过100次（一般不超过160次/分）或婴幼儿超过150次/分者，称为窦性心动过速。

常见于正常人运动、兴奋、激动、吸烟、饮酒和喝浓茶后。

也可见于发热、休克、贫血、甲亢、心力衰竭及应用阿托品、肾上腺素、麻黄素等。

如果心率在160～220次/分，常称为阵发性心动过速。

心率低于60次/分者（一般在40次/分以上），称为窦性心动过缓。

可见于长期从事重体力劳动和运动员；病理性的见于甲状腺机能低下、颅压增高、阻塞性黄疸、以及洋地黄、奎尼丁或心得安类药物过量或中毒。

如心率低于40次/分，应考虑有房室传导阻滞。

心率过快超过160次/分，或低于40次/分，大多见于心脏病病人，病人常有心悸、胸闷、心前区不适，应及早进行详细检查，以便针对病因进行治疗。

体温是指机体部的温度。

人体的温度是相对恒定的，正常人在24小时体温略有波动，一般相差不超过1度。

生理状态下，早晨体温略低，下午略高。

运动、进食后、妇女月经期前或妊娠期体温稍高，而老年人体温偏低。

体温高于正常称为发热，37.3～38摄氏度为低热，38.1～39摄氏度为中度发热，39.1～41摄氏度为高热，41摄氏度以上为超高热。

人体温度相对恒定是维持人体正常生命活动的重要条件之一，如体温高于41摄氏度或低于25摄氏度时将严重影