水产养殖水质自动监测系统方案.docx
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水产养殖水质自动监测系统方案
水产养殖水质自动监测系统
Thewaterqualityautomaticmonitoringsystemusedinaquaculture
分析、概述
AnalysisandOverview
就水产养殖现状进行分析,并提出解决方案
Tocarryonananalysisoftheaquaculturalsituationandtoproposesolutions
现状分析
StatusAnalysis
水质监测是保证健康养殖的关键环节,其目的是监测养殖水体温度、DO(溶解氧)、pH、深度、电导率(盐度)、浊度、叶绿素、氨氮等对水产品生长有重大影响的水质参数,根据需要进行水质调节,为水产品提供最佳的生长环境。
目前大多数的水产养殖业基本上仍采用人工取样、化学分析的监测方式,耗时费力、精度不高、即时性差,并且需要专业人员进行操作。
一些企业配备了便携式水质监测仪或水质在线监测仪,但由于技术和产品不过关,价格昂贵且维护成本高。
随着集约化、工厂化养殖模式的推广,目前水产养殖业迫切需要高精度、高稳定性和可靠性、低成本、适合水产养殖模式水质监测设备和远程无线水质自动监测系统。
Waterqualitymonitoringisthekeylinktoensurehealthyaquaculture.Itisintendedformonitoringthewaterqualityparametersincludingaquaticwatertemperature,DO,PH,depth,conductivity(salinity),turbidity,chlorophyll,ammonianitrogenandsoon,whichhaveanimportantinfluenceonthegrowthofaquaticproducts,takingwaterqualityregulationasneededandprovidingthebestgrowingenvironmentfortheaquaticproducts.Untilnow,mostoftheaquacultureindustriesarebasicallystillusingthemonitoringwaysofmanualsamplingandchemicalanalysis,whichistime-consumingandlaboursome,lackofaccuracy,badinimmediacyandalsorequireforprofessionalstooperateit.Somecompaniesareequippedwithportablewaterqualitymonitororonlinemonitor,butduetounqualifiedtechniquesandproducts,it’sexpensiveandcoststoomuchtomaintain.Withthepromotionofintensiveandfactoryaquaculturemodel,theaquacultureindustrycriesforwaterqualitymonitoringequipmentandlong-distanceandwirelesswaterqualityautomaticmonitoringsystem,whicharehighinaccuracy,stabilityandreliability,lowincost,andsuitableforaquaculturesystem.
系统架构拓扑图
Thetopologicalgraphofsystemarchitecture
远程无线水质自动监测系统主要由智能水质传感器、数据采集器(无线传感网)、网关/控制器、软件系统、视频监控和监控中心组成。
Thelong-distanceandwirelesswaterqualityautomaticmonitoringsystemiscomposedprimarilyofintelligentwaterqualitysensor,dataacquisitionunit(wirelesssensornetwork),gateway/controller,softwaresystem,videosurveillanceandsurveillancecenter.
系统结构拓扑图见右图所示
Thetopologicalgraphofsystemarchitectureisshowninthepictureontheright
方案实施概述
Theoverviewofprogramimplementation
引入先进的智能物联网概念,促进水产养殖信息化发展
BringinadvancedinternetofThingsconcepttopromotetheinformationdevelopmentofaquaculture
监测指标
Monitoringindex
注:
方案标准部分参考中国水产养殖水质标准,可根据不同的国家、行业、地方等标准做更改
Note:
TheprogramstandardpartisreferringtoChineseaquaculturewaterqualitystandard,andit’ssubjecttothestandardsofdifferentnations,industriesandareas.
监测指标
MonitoringIndex
说明
Explanation
溶解氧(DO)
DO
氧是水产生物的生命元素。
长期缺氧,水产动物生长减慢;严重缺氧,鱼虾会浮头,而且水产H2S、NH3、NO2等得不到氧化分解,毒性增大。
保持足够溶氧可分解转化有毒物质。
水中溶解氧最低应保持在3mg/L,一般应保持在5-8mg/L之间。
溶氧过高会导致鱼类患气泡病。
O2isthebiologicalelementtoaquaticorganisms.Inlong-termhypoxiaenvironment,theaquaticorganismswillgrowslower.Inseverehypoxiaenvironment,thefishandshrimpswillbefloatinghead,andH2S、NH3、NO2willturnmoretoxicwithoutoxidativedecomposition.KeepingenoughDOcouldbeusefulfordecompositionandtransformationoftoxicsubstances.DOinthewatershouldreachaminimumof3mg/Landbekept5-8mg/L.ToomuchDOwillleadtogasdiseaseoffishes.
PH值
PH
重要PH数据:
对虾育苗:
8.5;河蟹育苗:
8.0-8.5;淡水养殖:
6.5-9.0;海水养殖:
7.5-8.5;
PH值超过8.5,水中氨的毒性增大,硫化氢毒性减小。
PH值超过9.5大多数水产动物不能存活。
PH值低于6,水产的氨无毒性,但硫化氢毒性增大。
鱼虾在PH低于6.5时易缺氧浮头。
PH值低于5时,对水产动物有严重危险。
ImportantPHdata:
Prawnseedlings:
8.5;Rivercrabseedlings:
8.0-8.5;Freshwateraquaculture:
6.5-9.0;Seaaquaculture:
7.5-8.5;IfPHishigherthan8.5,thetoxicityofammoniawillbeincreased,andhydrothionwillbedecreased.IfPHishigherthan9.5,mostoftheaquaticanimalscannotliveanymore.IfPHislowerthan6,theaquaticammoniawillbenontoxic,butthetoxicityofhydrothionwillbeincreased.Thefishandshrimpsaresusceptibletohypoxiatobefloatinghead.IfPHislowerthan5,itwillbeseverelydangeroustotheaquaticanimals.
氨氮(NH3)
NH3
非离子氨(NH3)是水产动物的头号隐形杀手。
养殖生产中应将氨氮的浓度控制在0.015ppm以下,高于0.02ppm会引进死亡。
河蟹、对虾育苗水质应控制在0.01ppm以下,超过0.01ppm将引起死亡。
PH影响氨的毒性,PH低于7时氨几乎无毒,高于8.5时毒性剧增。
NH3istheNO.1hiddenkillertotheaquaticanimals.Inthecourseofproductionoffarming,theconcentrationofNH3shouldbecontrolledlowerthan0.015ppm.Ifhigherthan0.02ppm,itwillcausedeath.Forseedlingwaterofrivercrabandprawn,itshouldbecontrolledlowerthan0.01ppm,orwillcausedeath.PHisinfluentialtothetoxicityofammonia.IfPHislowerthan7,theammoniaisnearlynontoxic.IfPHishigherthan8.5,thetoxicityofammoniawillberapidlyincreased.
亚硝酸盐(NO2-)
NO2
亚硝酸盐是水产动物致病的根源。
养殖水质中的亚硝酸盐氮应控制在0.2pp以下,在0.5ppm时会引起死亡或患病。
高于0.8ppm会引起大批死亡。
河蟹,对虾育苗水质的亚硝酸盐氮应控制在0.1ppm以下.0.3ppm时轻度死亡,超过0.5ppm将引起大量死亡
NO2istherootoftheaquaticanimals’diseases.Thenitritenitrogeninthefarmingwatershouldbecontrolledunder0.2ppm.Ifgoesupto0.5ppm,itwillcausedeathordisease.Ifhigherthan0.8ppm,itwillcausecatastrophicdeath.Forseedlingwaterofrivercrabandprawn,itshouldbecontrolledlowerthan0.1ppm.Ifgoesupto0.3ppm,itwillcausemilddeath.Ifhigherthan0.5ppm,itwillcausemassivedeath.
余氯(Cl)
养殖池塘中的全余氯主要来自所使用的含氯消毒剂。
余氯对鱼虾、藻相、菌相平衡均有严惩的影响。
因此不要滥用消毒剂。
养殖水质中余氯应保持在0.02ppm以下。
高于0.02ppmr的余氯可对鱼虾粘膜产生强烈的腐蚀作用:
超过0.1ppm会使鱼虾致死。
TheClintheaquaculturepondismostlycomingfromchlorine-containingdisinfectant.Clhasseverelybadinfluencetothebalancebetweenfishandshrimps,algalfaciesandbacteriaphase.Sothedisinfectantshouldnotbeusedindiscriminately.TheClinthefarmingwatershouldbecontrolledlowerthan0.02ppm.Ifhigherthan0.02ppm,itwillhavestrongcorrosioneffectonthemucosaoffishandshrimps.Ifhigherthan0.1ppm,itwillcausedeath.
硫化氢(H2S)
养殖水质应控制在0.1ppm以下,0.5ppm时会引起死亡或患病。
高于0.8ppm会引起大批死亡。
河蟹、对虾育苗水质应控制在0.05ppm以下,0.3ppm时轻度死亡:
超过0.5ppm将引起大量死亡。
TheH2Sinthefarmingwatershouldbecontrolledlowerthan0.1ppm.Ifgoesupto0.5ppm,itwillcausedeathordisease.Ifhigherthan0.8ppm,itwillcausemassivedeath.Forseedlingwaterofrivercrabandprawn,itshouldbecontrolledlowerthan0.05ppm.Ifgoesupto0.3ppm,itwillcausemilddeath.Ifhigherthan0.5ppm,itwillcausemassivedeath.
溶解有机物(ORP)
溶解有机气体压力高会导致鱼类患致命的气泡病,即所谓栓塞。
Thehighdissolvedorganicairpressurewillcausegasdiseaseoffishes,whichisthesocalledembolism.
温度
Temperature
水温也是渔业水质的控制指标。
氯素等会引起水温变化
Thewatertemperatureisalsoacontrollingindexforfisherywater.FactorslikeChlorinewillleadtochangesinwatertemperature.
✓6路带隔离的RS-232接口,波特率范围:
1200-115200,支持Modbus协议,已内置多种仪表协议
6isolatedRS-232interface,Baudraterange:
1200-115200,supportiveforModbusprotocol,built-inavarietyofinstrumentprotocol
✓1路带隔离的RS-485接口,波特率范围:
1200-115200,支持Modbus协议,已内置多种仪表协议
1isolatedRS-485interface,baudraterange:
1200-115200,supportiveforModbusprotocol,built-inavarietyofinstrumentprotocol
✓8路模拟量输入通道,16位分辨率,支持4-20mA电流信号,0-5V电压信号,可配置为输入4路4-20mA差分电流信号,或者4路0-5V差分电压信号
8analoginputchannels,16bitresolution,supportivefor4-20mAcurrentsignal,0-5Vvoltagesignal,canbeconfiguredtoinput44-20mAdifferentialcurrentsignal,or40-5Vdifferentialcurrentsignal
✓8路带隔离的开关量输入通道,输入电压范围:
0-5VDC,可接受最高30VDC的电压输入
8isolateddigitalinputchannel,inputvoltagerange:
0-5VDC,30VDCisacceptableasthehighestinputvoltage
✓2路继电器输出,负载能力为24VDC/1A
2relayoutput,loadpoweris24VDA/1A
✓内置以太网接口
Built-inEthernetinterface
✓内置GPRS通信模块(可选配CDMA)
Built-inGPRScommunicationmodule(OptionalCDMA)
✓320X240点阵的LCD,配16个触摸按键的薄膜键盘
320X240dotmatrixLCD,equippedwithmembranekeyboardwith16touchkeys
✓内置存储器可以保存一年的历史数据,掉电不丢失
Theinternalmemorycansavehistoricaldataforoneyear,withoutlosingwhenlostpower.
✓内置可充电锂电池,保证断电情况下最少正常运行6小时
Theinternalrechargeablelithiumbatterycanrunnormallyforatleast6hoursunderthesituationofinterruptionofpowersupply
✓选用工业级的部件,高可靠性、高稳定性
Selecttheindustry-gradecomponents,whichishighinreliabilityandstability
✓设备代码(固件)可以远程升级
Thedevicecode(firmware)canberemoteupgraded
✓支持断电续传,支持多个中心
Supportiveforcontinuetransferringfrombreakpointandmultiplecenter
仪器设备
Instrumentandequipment
国际知名品牌
InternationalBrand
QH-2000J数据采集仪传输仪
QH-2000Jdataacquisitionandtransmissioninstrument
网关/控制器
Gateway/Controller
网关/控制器由RTU8400测控终端和电控箱等组成,是实现水质调节(主要是增氧控制)的执行设备,它可以驱动叶轮式、水车式或微孔曝气空压机等多种增氧设备。
此外测控终端兼具网关功能,可以根据需要配置成无线数据采集节点及无线控制节点。
Gateway/ControlleriscomposedofRTU8400controllingterminalandelectriccontrolpanel.It’stheactuatingequipmenttoachievewaterqualityadjustment(tocontrolOxygenationprimarily)anditcandrivetheoxygenationequipmentslikeimpellertype,waterwheeltypeormicroporousaerationaircompressor.Furthermorethecontrollingterminalcouldalsobeusedasgateway.Itcanbeconfiguredintowirelessdatacollectionnodeorwirelesscontrollingnodeasneeded.
视频监控
Videomonitoring
根据用户需求和现场条件,可以安装有线视频系统或无线视频系统,对养殖场环境进行实时监控。
应用无线视频系统,用户使用手机或PC远程登录到G3视频监控终端,可以收看摄像机相应区域的实时视频画面。
Accordingtotheusers’requirementsandsitecondition,wecaninstallcableorwirelessvideosystemtoimplementreal-timemonitoringoffarmenvironment.Throughwirelessvideosystem,userscanusecellphoneorPCtologonG3videomonitoringterminalindistanceandwatchthereal-timevideopicturesofthecameracorrespondingarea.
监控中心
Monitoringcenter
根据企业管理需求,建立监控中心。
监控中心由服务器、多业务综合光端机、大屏幕显示系统、UPS及配套网络设备组成,是整个系统的核心
Accordingtothemanagementrequirementofenterprises,wecansetupmonitoringcenter.Itiscomposedofserver,multi-serviceintegratedoptionaltransceiver,largescreendisplaysystem,UPSandmatchednetworkequipment.Itisthecoreofthewholesystem.
现场、管理、集团内部预警管理系统
Scene,management,insideforewarningmanagementsystem
信息管理Informationmanag