职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案053060.docx

职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案053060.docx

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职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案053060

职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530-60

1、YouthEmancipationinSpain

TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.

Around55percentofpeopleaged18～34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents'home,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'sstate-runInstituteofYouth.

Tocoax（劝诱）youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda"YouthEmancipation（解放）"programmethismonth.Theprogrammeoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.

Economistsblameyoungpeople'sfamilydependenceontheprecarious（不稳定的）labourmarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.

Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists（社会学家）.FamilytiesinsouthEurope（Italy,PortugalandGreece）arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport"TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth:

KeyforUnderstanding".

"Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized,"saidMinguez.

InSpain,especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews（外甥／侄子）alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.

Parentstoleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.

"Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe'llputupafightandcallthefatherafascist,"saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,asociologistatCarlosIllUniversityinMadrid.

Motherswillingnesstodochildren'shouseholdchores（家务）worsenstheproblem.DionisioMasso,a60-year-oldinMadrid,hasthreechildrenintheir20s,Theeldest28,hasagirlfriendandajob.Butlifewithmumisgood.

"Hismumdoesthewashandcooksforhim,intheend,heliveswell,"Massosaid.

Thephrase"waryof"inparagraph8couldbebestreplacedby______.【单选题】

A.tiredof

B.afraidof

C.worriedabout

D.cautiousabout

正确答案:

D

答案解析:

本题是词义题，难度不大，第八段谈到，西班牙的父母可以接受孩子们的深夜聚会，小心翼翼地制定睡觉时间，D是“小心谨慎…”，答案是D。

2、Nurse!

IWantMyMummy

Whenachildisillinhospital,aparent'sfirstreactionistobewiththem.

Mosthospitalsnowallowparentstosleepovernightwiththeirchild,providingabedorsofaontheward.

Butuntilthe1970sthispracticewasnotonlyfrownedupon（不赞同）—itwasactivelydiscouraged.Staffworriedthatthechildrenwouldbeupsetwhentheirparentsleft,andsotherewasablanket（通用的）ban.

Aconcernednurse,PamelaHawthorn,disagreedandherstudy"Nurse,Iwantmymummy!

"publishedin1974,changedtheface"paediatric（儿科的）nursing.

MartinJohnson,aprofessorofnursingattheUniversityofSalford,saidthattheworkofnurseslikePamelahadchangedthefaceofpatientcare.

"Pamela'sstudywasdoneagainstthebackgroundofalivelydebateinpaediatricsandpsychologyastothedegreewomenshouldspendwithchildrenintheoutsideworldandthedegreetowhichtheyshouldbeallowedtovisitchildrenin____."

"Theideawasthatifmumcametovisitasmallchildinhospitalthechildwouldbeupsetandinconsolable（无法安慰的）forhours."

"Yetthenursenoticedthatifmumdidnotcomeatallthechildstayedinarelativelystablestatebuttheymightbedepressed."

"Ofcourseweknownowthattheyhadalmostgivenuphopethatmumwasevercomingback."

"Toavoidalittlebitofpaintheysaidthatnooneshouldvisit."

"Butchildrenwerealoneanddepressed,soHawthornsaidparentsshouldbeallowedtovisit."

Dr.PeterCarter,chiefexecutiveandgeneralsecretaryoftheRoyalCollegeofNursing,saidherworkhadbeenseminal（开创性的）.

"Herresearchputanendtothedayswhenparentshandedtheirchildrenovertostrangersatthedoorofthehospitalward."

"Asaresultofherwork,parentsarenowrecognizedaspartnersincareandareaffordedtheopportunitytostaywiththeirchildrenwhiletheyareinhospital,whichhasdramaticallyimprovedbothparents'andchildren'sexperienceofcare."

【单选题】

A.hospital

B.family

C.group

D.school

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

本题难度不大，考查词义辨析，干扰项干扰不大，可以先看选项得到信息提示。

文章此处是说“……允许父母去探望他们在医院的孩子”，答案是A。

3、Nurse!

IWantMyMummy

Whenachildisillinhospital,aparent'sfirstreactionistobewiththem.

Mosthospitalsnowallowparentstosleepovernightwiththeirchild,providingabedorsofarontheward.

Butuntilthe1970sthispracticewasnotonlyfrownedupon,itwasactivelydiscouraged.Staffworriedthatthechildrenwere____whentheirparentsleft,andsotherewasablanketban.

Aconcernednurse,PamelaHawthorn,disagreedandherstudy"Nurse!

Iwantmymummy"publishedin1974,changedthefaceofpaediatricnursing.

MartinJohnson,aprofessorofnursingattheUniversityofSalford,saidthattheworkofnurseslikePamelahadchangedthefaceofpatientcare.

"Pamela'sstudywasdoneagainstthebackgroundofalivelydebateinpaediatricsandpsychologyastothedegreewomenshouldspendwithchildrenintheoutsideworldandthedegreetowhichtheyshouldbeallowedtovisitchildreninhospital."

"Theideawasthatifmumcametovisitasmallchildinhospitalthechildwouldbeupsetandinconsolableforhours."

"Yetthenursenoticedthatifmumdidnotcomeatallthechildstayedinarelativelystablestatebuttheymightbedepressed."

"Ofcourseweknownowthattheyhadalmostgivenuphopethatmumwasevecomingback."

"Toavoidalittlebitofpaintheysaidthatnooneshouldvisit."

"ButchildrenwerealoneanddepressedsoHawthornsaidparentsshouldbeallowedtovisit."

"DrPeterCarter,chiefexecutiveandgeneralsecretaryoftheRoyalCollegeofNursing,saidherworkhadbeenseminal."

"Herresearchputanendtothedayswhenparentshandedtheirchildrenovertostrangersatthedoorofthehospitalward."

"Asaresultofherwork,parentsandcareersarenowrecognizedaspartnersandareaffordedtheopportunitytostaywiththeirchildrenwhilsttheyareinhospital,whichhasdramaticallyimprovedbothparents'andchildren'sexperienceofcare."

【单选题】

A.hungry

B.upset

C.surprised

D.happy

正确答案:

B

答案解析:

医院担心父母一离开，孩子会十分不安（upset），所以干脆不让父母和孩子见面。

4、Happiness

Ifyoursenseofwell-beingfluctuateswithstockmarket,youmightbecomfortedtoknowthatmoneycan'tbuyyouhappinessanyway.

InoneAmericanstudyconductedin1993,levelofincomewasshowntohaveaninverserelationtohappiness:

Thegroupwhoseincomehaddeclinedwashappieroverallthanthegroupwhoseincomehadincreased.Asoon-to-bepublishedreviewofthehundredsofstudiesonthissubjectsupportsthe1993findings.

Indevelopedcountries,thecorrelationbetweenincomeandhappinessisclosetozeroandsometimesnegative.

Withacorrelationbetweenlevelofincomeandhappinesssomewherebetween0.12and0.18,theUnitedStatesisnearthebottomofthelist;thatfactorsotherthanincomeareoverwhelminglymoreimportantinexplaininghappiness.

Also,asourmaterialwealthincreases,thegapbetweenincomeandsatisfactionwithlifeseemstobewidening.Predictably,moneyhasitsmostpositiveeffectonthepoor,butonceapersonhasachievedaminimalstandardoflivinglevelofincomehasalmostnothingtodowithhappiness.

Closerelationship,ratherthanmoney,isthekeytohappiness.Indeed,thenumberofone'spersonalfriendsisamuchbetterindicatorofoverallsatisfactionwithlifethanpersonalwealth.Onestandsabetterchanceofachievingasatisfyinglifebyspendingtimewithfriendsandfamilythanbystrivingforhigherincome.Incidentally,intheUS,aspeoplebecomericher,theprobability

ofdivorceincreases.

Ourneedforcompanionshipispartlybiological.Allprimatesrespondwithpleasuretodemonstrationsofaffectionandwithpaintolossofcompanionship.Isolatedmonkeyswillsacrificefoodjustfortheglimpsesofanothermonkey.Byignoringourbiologicallyprogrammedneedforeachother,weriskphysicalandmentaldistress.

Arecentcross-nationalstudyofmentaldepressionintheUSfoundthatinadvancedcountries,thereisarisingtideofmajordepression.Teenagesuicideshaveincreasedinrecentdecadesinalmostalladvancedcountries.Moreover,intheUSsinceWorldWarⅡ,therehasbeenanactualdeclineintheproportionofpeoplewhoreportthemselvestobe"veryunhappy."

Youcaneasilytesttheclaimthatcompanionshipexceedswealthasasourceofhappiness.Askyourselfwhichhasagreaterinfluenceonyoursatisfactionwithlife:

yourincomeortheaffectionofyourintimatecompanionsandthewell-beingofyourchildren?

Conversely,whichwouldmakeyoumoredepressed:

areductioninsalaryoradivorceandisolationfromyourfriends?

Capitalismsucceedsincreatingmaterialriches,butitislesssuccessfulinbuildingcompanionablesocietiesandprotectingfamilyintegrity.Butdevelopingcountriesstillhavemuchworktodoinpursuingmaterialwealth,whereariseinproductivitystillgreatlyincreaseshappiness.Forpoorercountries,thetimeisnotyetripeforashiftinprioritiesfromwealthaccumulationtocompanionship.

Canweaffordtobelievethatthepursuitofmaterialgainwillleadtoself-fulfillment?

Weshouldcontinuetoenjoyourwealthingoodcompany,orelsewemayfindthatitisnotsatisfying.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthesituationintheUS,accordingtothe1993study?

【单选题】

A.Mostpeoplethinkpersonalwealthcanmakethemhappy.

B.Mostpeopledonotthinkwealthhasmuchtodowithhappiness.

C.Moneyisanimportantfactorinmakingonehappy.

D.Happinesscanonlybeexplainedintermsofincome.