职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案053060.docx
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职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案053060
职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530-60
1、YouthEmancipationinSpain
TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.
Around55percentofpeopleaged18~34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents'home,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'sstate-runInstituteofYouth.
Tocoax(劝诱)youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda"YouthEmancipation(解放)"programmethismonth.Theprogrammeoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.
Economistsblameyoungpeople'sfamilydependenceontheprecarious(不稳定的)labourmarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.
Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists(社会学家).FamilytiesinsouthEurope(Italy,PortugalandGreece)arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport"TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth:
KeyforUnderstanding".
"Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized,"saidMinguez.
InSpain,especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews(外甥/侄子)alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.
Parentstoleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.
"Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe'llputupafightandcallthefatherafascist,"saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,asociologistatCarlosIllUniversityinMadrid.
Motherswillingnesstodochildren'shouseholdchores(家务)worsenstheproblem.DionisioMasso,a60-year-oldinMadrid,hasthreechildrenintheir20s,Theeldest28,hasagirlfriendandajob.Butlifewithmumisgood.
"Hismumdoesthewashandcooksforhim,intheend,heliveswell,"Massosaid.
Thephrase"waryof"inparagraph8couldbebestreplacedby______.【单选题】
A.tiredof
B.afraidof
C.worriedabout
D.cautiousabout
正确答案:
D
答案解析:
本题是词义题,难度不大,第八段谈到,西班牙的父母可以接受孩子们的深夜聚会,小心翼翼地制定睡觉时间,D是“小心谨慎…”,答案是D。
2、Nurse!
IWantMyMummy
Whenachildisillinhospital,aparent'sfirstreactionistobewiththem.
Mosthospitalsnowallowparentstosleepovernightwiththeirchild,providingabedorsofaontheward.
Butuntilthe1970sthispracticewasnotonlyfrownedupon(不赞同)—itwasactivelydiscouraged.Staffworriedthatthechildrenwouldbeupsetwhentheirparentsleft,andsotherewasablanket(通用的)ban.
Aconcernednurse,PamelaHawthorn,disagreedandherstudy"Nurse,Iwantmymummy!
"publishedin1974,changedtheface"paediatric(儿科的)nursing.
MartinJohnson,aprofessorofnursingattheUniversityofSalford,saidthattheworkofnurseslikePamelahadchangedthefaceofpatientcare.
"Pamela'sstudywasdoneagainstthebackgroundofalivelydebateinpaediatricsandpsychologyastothedegreewomenshouldspendwithchildrenintheoutsideworldandthedegreetowhichtheyshouldbeallowedtovisitchildrenin____."
"Theideawasthatifmumcametovisitasmallchildinhospitalthechildwouldbeupsetandinconsolable(无法安慰的)forhours."
"Yetthenursenoticedthatifmumdidnotcomeatallthechildstayedinarelativelystablestatebuttheymightbedepressed."
"Ofcourseweknownowthattheyhadalmostgivenuphopethatmumwasevercomingback."
"Toavoidalittlebitofpaintheysaidthatnooneshouldvisit."
"Butchildrenwerealoneanddepressed,soHawthornsaidparentsshouldbeallowedtovisit."
Dr.PeterCarter,chiefexecutiveandgeneralsecretaryoftheRoyalCollegeofNursing,saidherworkhadbeenseminal(开创性的).
"Herresearchputanendtothedayswhenparentshandedtheirchildrenovertostrangersatthedoorofthehospitalward."
"Asaresultofherwork,parentsarenowrecognizedaspartnersincareandareaffordedtheopportunitytostaywiththeirchildrenwhiletheyareinhospital,whichhasdramaticallyimprovedbothparents'andchildren'sexperienceofcare."
【单选题】
A.hospital
B.family
C.group
D.school
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
本题难度不大,考查词义辨析,干扰项干扰不大,可以先看选项得到信息提示。
文章此处是说“……允许父母去探望他们在医院的孩子”,答案是A。
3、Nurse!
IWantMyMummy
Whenachildisillinhospital,aparent'sfirstreactionistobewiththem.
Mosthospitalsnowallowparentstosleepovernightwiththeirchild,providingabedorsofarontheward.
Butuntilthe1970sthispracticewasnotonlyfrownedupon,itwasactivelydiscouraged.Staffworriedthatthechildrenwere____whentheirparentsleft,andsotherewasablanketban.
Aconcernednurse,PamelaHawthorn,disagreedandherstudy"Nurse!
Iwantmymummy"publishedin1974,changedthefaceofpaediatricnursing.
MartinJohnson,aprofessorofnursingattheUniversityofSalford,saidthattheworkofnurseslikePamelahadchangedthefaceofpatientcare.
"Pamela'sstudywasdoneagainstthebackgroundofalivelydebateinpaediatricsandpsychologyastothedegreewomenshouldspendwithchildrenintheoutsideworldandthedegreetowhichtheyshouldbeallowedtovisitchildreninhospital."
"Theideawasthatifmumcametovisitasmallchildinhospitalthechildwouldbeupsetandinconsolableforhours."
"Yetthenursenoticedthatifmumdidnotcomeatallthechildstayedinarelativelystablestatebuttheymightbedepressed."
"Ofcourseweknownowthattheyhadalmostgivenuphopethatmumwasevecomingback."
"Toavoidalittlebitofpaintheysaidthatnooneshouldvisit."
"ButchildrenwerealoneanddepressedsoHawthornsaidparentsshouldbeallowedtovisit."
"DrPeterCarter,chiefexecutiveandgeneralsecretaryoftheRoyalCollegeofNursing,saidherworkhadbeenseminal."
"Herresearchputanendtothedayswhenparentshandedtheirchildrenovertostrangersatthedoorofthehospitalward."
"Asaresultofherwork,parentsandcareersarenowrecognizedaspartnersandareaffordedtheopportunitytostaywiththeirchildrenwhilsttheyareinhospital,whichhasdramaticallyimprovedbothparents'andchildren'sexperienceofcare."
【单选题】
A.hungry
B.upset
C.surprised
D.happy
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
医院担心父母一离开,孩子会十分不安(upset),所以干脆不让父母和孩子见面。
4、Happiness
Ifyoursenseofwell-beingfluctuateswithstockmarket,youmightbecomfortedtoknowthatmoneycan'tbuyyouhappinessanyway.
InoneAmericanstudyconductedin1993,levelofincomewasshowntohaveaninverserelationtohappiness:
Thegroupwhoseincomehaddeclinedwashappieroverallthanthegroupwhoseincomehadincreased.Asoon-to-bepublishedreviewofthehundredsofstudiesonthissubjectsupportsthe1993findings.
Indevelopedcountries,thecorrelationbetweenincomeandhappinessisclosetozeroandsometimesnegative.
Withacorrelationbetweenlevelofincomeandhappinesssomewherebetween0.12and0.18,theUnitedStatesisnearthebottomofthelist;thatfactorsotherthanincomeareoverwhelminglymoreimportantinexplaininghappiness.
Also,asourmaterialwealthincreases,thegapbetweenincomeandsatisfactionwithlifeseemstobewidening.Predictably,moneyhasitsmostpositiveeffectonthepoor,butonceapersonhasachievedaminimalstandardoflivinglevelofincomehasalmostnothingtodowithhappiness.
Closerelationship,ratherthanmoney,isthekeytohappiness.Indeed,thenumberofone'spersonalfriendsisamuchbetterindicatorofoverallsatisfactionwithlifethanpersonalwealth.Onestandsabetterchanceofachievingasatisfyinglifebyspendingtimewithfriendsandfamilythanbystrivingforhigherincome.Incidentally,intheUS,aspeoplebecomericher,theprobability
ofdivorceincreases.
Ourneedforcompanionshipispartlybiological.Allprimatesrespondwithpleasuretodemonstrationsofaffectionandwithpaintolossofcompanionship.Isolatedmonkeyswillsacrificefoodjustfortheglimpsesofanothermonkey.Byignoringourbiologicallyprogrammedneedforeachother,weriskphysicalandmentaldistress.
Arecentcross-nationalstudyofmentaldepressionintheUSfoundthatinadvancedcountries,thereisarisingtideofmajordepression.Teenagesuicideshaveincreasedinrecentdecadesinalmostalladvancedcountries.Moreover,intheUSsinceWorldWarⅡ,therehasbeenanactualdeclineintheproportionofpeoplewhoreportthemselvestobe"veryunhappy."
Youcaneasilytesttheclaimthatcompanionshipexceedswealthasasourceofhappiness.Askyourselfwhichhasagreaterinfluenceonyoursatisfactionwithlife:
yourincomeortheaffectionofyourintimatecompanionsandthewell-beingofyourchildren?
Conversely,whichwouldmakeyoumoredepressed:
areductioninsalaryoradivorceandisolationfromyourfriends?
Capitalismsucceedsincreatingmaterialriches,butitislesssuccessfulinbuildingcompanionablesocietiesandprotectingfamilyintegrity.Butdevelopingcountriesstillhavemuchworktodoinpursuingmaterialwealth,whereariseinproductivitystillgreatlyincreaseshappiness.Forpoorercountries,thetimeisnotyetripeforashiftinprioritiesfromwealthaccumulationtocompanionship.
Canweaffordtobelievethatthepursuitofmaterialgainwillleadtoself-fulfillment?
Weshouldcontinuetoenjoyourwealthingoodcompany,orelsewemayfindthatitisnotsatisfying.
WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthesituationintheUS,accordingtothe1993study?
【单选题】
A.Mostpeoplethinkpersonalwealthcanmakethemhappy.
B.Mostpeopledonotthinkwealthhasmuchtodowithhappiness.
C.Moneyisanimportantfactorinmakingonehappy.
D.Happinesscanonlybeexplainedintermsofincome.