高中人教新课标英语必修4核心词汇梳理并重点训练.docx
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高中人教新课标英语必修4核心词汇梳理并重点训练
人教新课标必修4核心词汇梳理并重点训练
必修4
Unit1Womenofachievement
behave,worthwhile,observe,argue,intend,deliver,lookdownon/upon,referto
1.behavevt.&vi.举动；举止；行为表现
behavewell/badlytowardssb对某人态度好/恶劣
behaveoneself（某人）规矩点；老实点
Dobehave!
规矩点！
beonyourbestbehaviour尽量表现得体
eg:
IwantyoutobehaveyourselfwhileI’maway.
Shehasbeenbehavingratheroddly.
I’msorryaboutwhatIdidlastnight—Ibehavedlikeachild.
注：
在口语中，behaveasif常用behavelike代替。
Behaveyourself！
用在口语交际中表示“规矩点！
”。
另外，behave可与某些副词构成形容词，如well-behaved（表现好的），badly-behaved（表现差的）。
2.worthwhileadj.值得的，值得出力的
词条
搭配
意义和用法
worthwhile
It’sworthwhile
doing…
It’sworthwhiletodo…
值得做某事
worth
be+worth+n.
值得…，值…
beworthdoing
“某事值得被做”要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
另外it’sworthit表示“是值得的”
worthy
beworthyof+n.
应得某事物
beworthyofbeingdone
beworthytobe
done
“某事值得被做…”，接动名词时of后要用动名词的被动式，接不定式时，worthy后要用不定式的被动式。
表示“很值得做…”要用副词well来修饰。
worth一般只作表语；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
worthy表示“有价值的，值得尊敬的”。
eg:
The“WaterCube”isworthavisit/visiting.
=The“WaterCube”isworthyofbeingvisited.
=The“WaterCube”isworthytobevisited.
=It’sworthwhiletovisit/visitingthe“WaterCube”.
Thelectureiswellworthlisteningto,thoughitisratherlong.
Thenewnecklaceisworth$1,500.
Helpingthedisabledisaworthwhileactivity.
3.observevt.观察；观测；遵守；庆祝
observesth观察某物
observesbdosth观察某人做某事（全过程）
observesbdoingsth观察某人正在做某事
eg:
Shehasobservedthestarsallherlife.
Heobservedastrangerhangingaroundthestore.
Wemustobservetherulesoftheroad.
4.arguevi.&vt.争论，争辩，说服，用辩论证明
arguefor…为…而争论，为…而辩护
argueagainst争辩（反对…）
arguewith与…争辩
arguewithsbon/about/oversth与某人争辩某事
arguesbinto/outofdoingsth说服某人做/不做某事
argumentn.争论，争辩，论点
eg:
Wedecidedtoargueforthepeasantfreeofchargethemomentwefinishedhearinghisstory.
HearguedwithMaryoverthebestplaceforaholiday.
Theywerearguingabouthowtospendthemoney.
MaryarguedTomintobuyinganewcar.
5.intendvt.计划；打算
intendsbtodosth打算让某人做某事
todosth
intenddoingsth打算做某事
intendsb/sthfor打算使…成为；想让…从事某事
beintendedtodosth/forsth是用来…
intendthat…打算，想…
hadintendedtodosth=intendedtohavedonesth
过去本打算做…
intentionn.意图；打算；目的
byintention故意
havenointentionofdoing…无意做…
withtheintentionof抱有…目的，打算
withoutintention无意中，不是故意地
eg:
Doyouintendmaking/tomakealongstayhere?
Thisgiftisintendedforyou.
IintendedtohavegonetoBeijing,butIdidn’tgettheticket.
6.deliverv.投递，发表，宣布，接生，生（小孩）（仅限于被动语态）
deliversth（tosb）投递/传送某物（给某人）
deliveraspeech发表演说
bedeliveredofachild=givebirthtoachild生孩子
deliversb/sthovertosb把…移交给某人
eg:
Wouldyoudelivermymessagetoyourmother?
Sheisduetodeliveralectureongeneticengineering.
I’mhavingsomeflowersdeliveredforherbirthday.
Shewasdeliveredofahealthybaby.
7.lookdownon/upon蔑视，轻视，瞧不起
lookforwardto盼望，期待
lookinto调查，观察，窥视
lookup抬头看；查阅
lookon旁观
lookon/upon…as…把…看作…
lookout（for…）注意，留意，留神
looksbupanddown上下打量某人
lookthough浏览；看穿；审查
eg:
Youmustn’tlookdownuponthedisabled.
I’mlookingforwardtoworkingwithyou.
Mostpeoplelookonthegovernment’spromiseswithcompletebelief.
AsIlookedthroughthenewspapers,Ifoundsomeusefulinformation.
8.referto提到，说到，参考，参阅
refer…to…把…提交给…（以求获得帮助）
referencen.言及，提及，参考，查阅
in/withreferenceto=inconnectionwith关于
withoutreferenceto与…无关，不管
eg:
Youmayrefertoyournotesifyouwant.
Mydoctorreferredmetoaspecialist.
DidyouhearallthenastyreferencestomethatJanetkeptmaking?
Iamwritingwithreferencetoyourjobapplication.
注：
referto和consult后直接带书籍、词典等名词，而lookup（查阅）后面跟所要查找的词作宾语，如lookupawordinadictionary。
9.Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.
only在句首修饰作状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。
only在句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。
only在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序。
eg:
OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofcommunication.
OnlyinthiswaycanweimproveourEnglish.
Onlyafteryouhavereachedeighteencanyoujointhearmy.
Onlyhecananswerthequestion.
练习：
1.Paul,do.Didyouforgetthecollegerules?
A.conductB.performC.reactD.behave
2.ChengFeiismostgymnastandsheprovedtobe
tohaveaplaceinthewomen’sgymnasticteam.
A.worth;worthB.worthy;worthy
C.worthy;worthD.worth;worthy
3.DotheyChristmasDayinthatcountry?
A.congratulateB.support
C.watchD.observe
4.Hearguedsmoking,andinsistedthatitwas
argumentthatsmokingwasharmfultohealth.
A.for;beyondB.against;over
C.for;overD.against;beyond
5.Shewentoutwiththedoorunlockedbyalthough
sheknewearlythatitwouldresultintheft.
A.accidentB.intentionC.chanceD.purpose
6.Wecangoodstoyourdoor.
A.passB.relayC.deliverD.release
7.HeadsfromAsiaandEuropeattendedtheconferenceandPresidentHuspeechonthefirstday.
A.statedB.issuedC.addressedD.delivered
8.thisproposalforme,andtellmewhatyouthinkofit.
A.LookoutB.Lookback
C.LookthroughD.Lookup
9.---Pleasedon’ttakethebooksoutofthereadingroom.
---No,Iwon’t.Ijustwanttothemforsomefigures.
A.mentionB.refertoC.lookupD.lookinto
10.Thecoachaskedhisstafftothelargegroupofjournalists,waitingforhimtoannouncehistrainingplans.
A.adapttoB.attendto
C.refertoD.appealto
11.amobilephonecanyouringyouwanttotalkwithanywhere.
A.Using;whoeverB.Onlyon;whomever
C.Onlyby;whateverD.With;anyone
12.Onlybyfollowingthismethod.
A.wecanstudyEnglishwell
B.canwebeabletostudyEnglishwell
C.canwestudyEnglishwell
D.studyEnglishwellcanwe
13.Onlywhenhereturnedfromtheexchangeprogram
howmuchheenjoyedit.
A.herealizedB.hehadrealized
C.didherealizeD.hadherealized
Unit2Workingtheland
struggle,expand,equip,regret,reduce,rid…of,wouldrather,leadto,whatis/wascalled
1.strugglevt.&vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎
struggletodosth艰难地做某事；挣扎着做某事
strugglefor为…而斗争
strugglewith（against）与…作斗争；同…搏斗
struggleon挣扎着；坚持下去
struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来
eg:
Hehasbeenstrugglingtosucceedinhisbusiness.
=Hehasbeenstrugglingforsuccessinhisbusiness.
Itwasarealstruggletobereadyontime.
We’velosttwoofourbestplayers,butwe’restrugglingon.
Wehavetostrugglewith/againstallkindsofdifficulties.
2.expandvi.扩大；增加；增强
vt.使变大；使增强；阐述
expandinto把…扩展（发展、膨胀）
expandon/upon阐述；详谈
expansionn.扩大；扩张；扩展
expansiveadj.广阔的；易扩张的；易膨胀的
辨析expand/extend/spread/stretch：
expand展开，扩大，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。
extend伸出，延伸，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的向为延伸，也可指时间的延长。
spread伸开，传播，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播（疾病）、散布（信息）等。
stretch伸展，拉长，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。
eg:
Achild’svocabularyexpandsthroughreading.
Whynottrytoexpandyourstoryintoanovel?
Youmentionedtheneedforextrafunding.Wouldyouexpandonthat?
3.equipv.装备；配备
equip…with…用…装备…
equip…forsth/todosth为了…而装备
well/poorlyequipped设备精良的/较差的
equipmentn.装备；设备（不可数名词）
apieceofequipment一件设备
eg:
We’llhavetoequipourofficewithwordprocessors,won’twe?
Itwasamodern,bright,wellequippedhospital.
Wewantoursontohaveaneducationthatwillequiphimforlaterlift.
Ourschoolhasbeengivensomenewequipment.
4.regretvt.遗憾；惋惜
n.遗憾；懊悔
regretdoingsth后悔做了某事
regrettodosth（常和tell，say，inform等词连用）对将要做某事表示遗憾
regretthat遗憾…
withgreat/deepregret很遗憾
toone’sregret让某人感到遗憾的是
Itistoberegrettedthat使人遗憾的是
eg:
Ifyoudon’tdoitnow,you’llonlyregretit.
Hebitterlyregrettedeverhavingmentionedit.
Sheexpressedherregretatthedecision.
注：
regret后既可用动名词作宾语又可用不定式作宾语，但二者有一定的区别。
当表示“后悔做了谋事”时应用regretdoingsth（动作已做）；当表示“遗憾要去做某事”时应用regrettodosth（动作未做）。
5.reducevt.缩减；减少；降低；使…陷入某种更坏的状态（常用于被动语态）
bereducedto…沦落为…
reducesthto…减少到…
reducesthby…减少了…
reductionn.缩小；减少
makeareduction减价
eg:
Hewasreducedtotears/despairatthesight.
ThereformhasreducedustoservantoftheState.
Shereducedherweightby6kilos/to50kilos.
6.rid…of摆脱；除去
getridof免除；摆脱
robsbofsth抢劫某人某物
remindsbofsth提醒某人某事
informsbofsth通知某人某事
curesbofadisease医好某人的病
eg:
Youshouldridyourselfofthatbadhabit.
Youaresupposedtogetridofcarelessness.
Pleaseremindmeofthedateatthistimetomorrow.
7.wouldrather宁愿；宁可
wouldratherdo宁愿做…
wouldratherdo…thando…宁愿…（而）不愿
would…ratherthando……/与其…
ratherthando…would…倒不如…
过去时，表示现在或将来（虚拟）
wouldrather+从句
过去完成时，表示过去（虚拟）
wouldratherhavedone本来想…而未实现
Iwouldratheryoudidn’t.常用来表示委婉拒绝别人的请求
prefertodosthratherthandosth宁愿…也不…
eg:
Hewouldratherwalkthantakeabus.
Ratherthanrefusetohelpyou,Iwouldborrowmoneyfrommyfriends.
Iwouldratheryouwentrightnow.
I’dratheryouhadn’ttoldhimthenewsthatday.
8.leadto导致；造成（后果）；通往，通向
leadsbtodosth使某人做某事
lead/live/havea…life过…样的生活
leadsbinto带某人进入
leadtheway引路，带路
eg:
AllroadsleadtoRome.
Whatledyoutothinkso?
Thecigaretteendledtothefire.
9.DrYuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsuperhybridrice.
whatis/wascalled或whatpeoplecall/called是习惯用法，意为“所谓的；人们常说的”，相当于so-called。
其中引导词what在此句中相当于“the+n.+that”结构。
本句可改为DrYuanLongpinggrowsthericethatiscalledsuperhybridrice.
eg:
Atlast,theyreachedwhatiscalledtheNewAmerica.
Hegraduatedfromwhatwascalledakeyhighschool.
练习：
1.Weallshouldhaveconfidenceinourselvesinthe
oflife.
A.struggleB.battleC.fightD.war
2.Inordertopreventthediseasetootherdistricts,theauthor
升级会员 