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美国文学提纲2
I.MultipleChoice(20pointsinall,1foreach)
1)Checkthedictionary:
pompous,vernacular
2)AtthebeginningofFaulkner’sARoseForEmily,thereisadetaileddescriptionofEmily’soldhouse.ThepurposeofsuchdescriptionistoimplythatthepersonlivinginitC.
A.isawealthladyB.hasgoodtasteC.isaprisonerofthepastD.isaconservativearistocrat
3)Stylistically,HenryJames’sfictionischaracterizedbyD.
A.shortclearsentencesB.abundanceoflocalimagesC.ordinaryAmericanspeechD.highlyrefinedlanguage
1.TheconventionofthedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturetonatureinAmericanLiteratureisparticularlyevidentinA
A.Cooper’sLeather-StockingTakes
B.Hawthorne’sTheScarletLetter
C.Whitman’sLeavesofGrass
D.Irving’sRipVanWinkle
2.In1873,RalphWaldoEmersonmadeaspeechentitledatHarvard,whichwashailedbyOliverWendellHomesas“ourIntellectualDedarationofI
A.NatureB.Self-RelianceC.DivinityScholarAddressD.TheAmericanScholar
3.What’stheanalogythatEmilyDickinsonusesinherpoemBecauseIcouldnotstopfordeath?
A
A.HorseandcarriageB.stageandperformanceC.CloudandShadeD.shipandharbor
4.MostofthewritersintheModernPeriodwereabletoprobeintotheinnerwouldofofhumanrealityonthebaseofD
A.CarlJung’s“collectiveunconscious”and“archetypalsymbol”
B.SigmoundFrend’s“interpretationofdreams”
C.WilliamJame’s“streamofconsciousness”
D.alloftheabove.
II.BlankFilling(10pointsinall,1foreach)
1)HenryJamesisconsideredthefounderofPsychologicalrealism.Hebelievedthatrealityliesintheimpressionsmadebylifeonthespectator.
2)MarkTwain’sfirstnovel,TheGildedAgewasanartisticfailure,butitgaveitsnametotheAmericaofthepostbellumperiodwhichitattemptstosatirize.
BlankFilling
BlankFilling
1.ThebestofpuritanpoetswasEdwardTaylor,whosecompleteeditionofpoemsappearedin1960,morethantwohundredyearsafterhisdeath.
8.EdwinArlingtonRobinsonproducedalargebodyofworksandwashonoredwiththePulitzerPrizein1522,1925and1928.
10.Fitzgerald’sfirstnovelThisSideofParadise,withitsportrayalofcasualdissipationsof“flamingyouth”,wasanimmediatecommercialsuccess.
3.In“SongofMyself”,Whitman’sownearlyexperiencemaywellbeidentifiedwiththechildrenofayounggrowingAmerican.
4.TherangeofDickinson’spoetrysuggestsnotherlimitedexperiencebutthepowerofhercreativityandimagination.
5.MarkTwain,breakingoutofthenarrowlimitsoflocalcolorfiction,describedthebreadthofAmericanexperienceasnoonehadeverdonebefore,orsince.
7.ManyofO.Henry’sstonestalkaboutthelifeofpoorpeopleinNewYork.
8.HenryJamesrealismischaracterizedbyhispsychologicalapproachtohissubjectmatter.
9.TheFinancier,TheTifanandTheStoicformDreiser’s“TrilogyofDesire”
12.Americanwritersoffirstpostwareraself——consciouslyacknowledgedthattheywerea“LostGeneration”devoidoffaithandalienatedfromacivilization.
13.Atonetime,Sandburg’sreputationmainlyrestedonamulti——volumebiographyofAbrahamLincolnincluding“ThePrairieYears”and“TheWarYears”
14.ForpublicationofhiscollectedPoems,WallaceStevensreceivedtheNationalBookAwardandPulitzerPrize.
15.In1954,HemingwaywasawardedaNobelPrizeforhis“masteryoftheartofmodernnarration”.
16.In1935,SteinbeckpublishedTortillaFlat.Acollectionofshortstorywhichvividlydescribedthe“lifeofpoorMexican——Americanswithaffectionandhumor.
17.TheYoknapatawphaCountryisalegendarykingdomcreatedbyFaulkner.
18.ThemostsignificantAmericanpoemofthe20thcenturywasTheWasteLand.
19.EdwinArlingtonRobinsonproducedalargebodyofworksandwashonoredwiththePulitzerPrizein1922,1925and1928.
21.AsThomasSternsEliot’sdeclared,hefollowedstrictlytheadviceofhisdozefriendEzraPoundincuttingandconcentratingTheWasteLand
12.“MartinEden”isthenovelintowhichJackLondonputmostofhimself。
8.Fitzgerable’sfirstnovelThissideofparadise,withitsportrayalofcasualdissipationsof“flamingyouth:
wasanimmediatecommercialsuccess.
12.Earlyinthe1920s,themostprominentofthenewAmericanplaywrights,whosenameisEugeneO’Neillestablishedaninternationalreputation.
13.InthenovelTheOldManandSea,HemingwayportrayedanoldfishermannamedSantiago,whoshowstriumphantevenindefeat
14.EzraPoundwastheleaderofanewmovementinpoetrywhichhecalledtheImagistmovement.
III.WorksandAuthors(10pointsinall,1foreach)
1.TheTenthMuseLatelySprunginAmericaAnneBradstreet
2.TheBritishPrisonShipPhilipFreneau
3.AutobiographyBenjaminFranklin
4.CommonSenseThomasPaine
5.CivilDisobedienceHenryDavidThoreau
6.TheAwakeningKateChopin
7.TheCalloftheWildJackLondon
8.DaisyMillerHenryJames
9.AHazardofNewFortunesWilliamDeanHowells
10.Magic:
AGirloftheStreetsStephenCrane
11.BabbitSinclairLewis
12.Winesburg,OhioSherwoodAnderson
13.TheWasteLandThomasStearns"T.S."Eliot
14.TheHairyApeEugeneGladstoneO'Neill
15.HarmoniumWallaceStevens
16.TheGrapesofWrathJohnSteinbeck
17.AFarewelltoArmsErnestMillerHemingway
18.TheSoundandtheFuryWilliamFaulkner
IV.ExplanationofLiteraryTerms(10pointsinall,5foreach)
1.AmericanRomanticism
soneofthemostimportantperioddsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.Iwasarebellionagainstrtheobjectivityofrationalism.Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitionsandemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommensense.Theyemphazedindividualism,placingtheindividualagainstthegroup.Theafirmedtheinnerlifeofthesels,andcherishedstronginterestinthepast,thewild,theremote,thwmysteriousandthestange.Theystressedtheelement“Americaness”intheirworks.ItstartedwiththepulicationofWashingtonIrving’ThestretchBookandenedwithWaltWhiteman’sLeavesofGrass.Itisalsocalled“AmericanRenaissance”AmericanRomantistsincludesuchliteraryfiguresasWashintonIrving,Emerson,Thoreau,Hawthrone,MellvilleWhitemanandsomeothers.
;
2.AmericanTranscendentalism
3.AmericanNaturalism
naturalism
naturalists
acceptedthemorenegativeinterpretationofDarwin’sevolutionarytheoryandusedittoaccountforthebehaviorofthosecharatersintheliteraryworkswhwereregardedasmoreorlesscomplexcombinationofinherittedattibutes,theirhabitsconditionbysocialandeconomicforces.AmericanNaturalismisevoledfromrealismhentheauthor’stoneinwritingbecomeslessseriousandlesssympatheticbutmoreironicandmorepessimistic.Itisnomorethanagloomyphilosophicalapproachtoreality,ortohumanexistence.Dreiserisaleadingfigureofthisschool
4.AmericanRealism
5.ImagistMovement.
A.TheImagistMovementflourishedintheU.S.andEnglandbetween1909-1917andinvolvedquiteanumberofBritishandAmericanwritersandpoets.
B.ThisisamovementthatadvancedmodernisminartswhichconcentratedonreformingthemediumofpoetryasopposedtoRomanticism.AsoneoftheleadersoftheImagists,EzraPoundlaiddownthreemainprinciples:
directtreatmentofpoeticsubjects,eliminationofmerelyornamentalorsuperfluouswords,andtherhythmicalcompositionintheconsequenceofthemusicalphraseratherthanintheconsequenceofametronome.“ThepointofImagism,”Poundwrotein1914,“isthatitdoesnotuseimagesasornaments.Theimageitselfisthespeech.Theimageistheworldbeyondformulatedlanguage.”
C.EzraPound's"InaStationoftheMetro"isatypicalworkoftheImagistMovement.
V.IdentificationofFragments
1.“Thesearethetimesthattrymen'ssouls:
Thesummersoldierandthesunshinepatriotwill,inthiscrisis,shrinkfromtheserviceofhiscountry;buthethatstandsitnow,deservestheloveandthanksofmanandwoman.Tyranny,likehell,isnoteasilyconquered;yetwehavethisconsolationwithus,thatthehardertheconflict,themoregloriousthetriumph.”TheAmericanCrisis——ThomasPaine
2.“InvaindidUncasdartaroundthecloud,withawishtostrikehisknifeintotheheartofhisfather'sfoe;thethreateningrifleofHawkeyewasraisedandsuspendedinvain,whileDuncanendeavoredtoseizethelimbsoftheHuronwithhandsthatappearedtohavelosttheirpower.Coveredastheywerewithdustandblood,theswiftevolutionsofthecombatantsseemedtoincorporatetheirbodiesintoone.Thedeath-likelookingfigureoftheMohican,andthedarkformoftheHuron,gleamedbeforetheireyesinsuchquickandconfusedsuccession,thatthefriendsoftheformerknewnotwheretoplantthesuccoringblow.”最后的莫西干人TheLastoftheMohicans——JamesFennimoreCooper
3.Pearl,withoutrespondinginanymannertothesehoney-sweetexpressions,remainedontheothersideofthebrook.Nowshefixedherbright,wildeyesonhermother,nowontheminister,andnowincludedthembothinthesameglance;asiftodetectandexplaintoherselftherelationwhichtheyboretooneanother.Forsomeunaccountablereason,asArthurDimmesdalefeltthechild’seyesuponhimself,hishand-withthatgesturesohabitualastohavebecomeinvoluntary-stoleoverhisheart.Atlength,assumingasingularairofauthority,Pearlstretchedoutherhand,withthesmallforefingerextended,andpointingevidentlytowardshermother’sbreast.Andbeneath,inthemirrorofthebrook,therewastheflower-girdledandsunnyimageoflittlePearl,pointinghersmallforefingertoo.TheScarletLetter——NathanielHawthorne
4.Togointosolitude,amanneedstoretireasmuchfromhischamberasfroms