新高三英语暑假特训卷02全国卷I.docx

新高三英语暑假特训卷02全国卷I.docx

《新高三英语暑假特训卷02全国卷I.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新高三英语暑假特训卷02全国卷I.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

新高三英语暑假特训卷02全国卷I

2020年新高三英语暑假特训卷02

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A,B,C或D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Afewyearsago,AdinaLichtmanwashandingoutsandwichesonthestreetsofNewYorkCitytohelppeopleexperiencinghomelessness.Oneman,gratefulforthesandwich,approachedherandofferedasurprisingidea.

“It’sgreatthatyou’regivingoutsandwiches,”hesaid,“butonethingwereallyneedissocks,especiallyaswinterapproaches.”

“HereIwas,sandwichesinhand,thinkingIknewthebestwaytohelppeople,”Lichtmansaid.“Itwasapowerfullesson,andIwantedtoputitintoaction.”

Shebeganthatnight,withasimplestep:

goingdoor-to-dooronthefloorofherdormitoryatNewYorkUniversity,askingherclassmatesiftheycouldeachjustdonate（捐赠）justonepairoftheirownsockstosomeoneexperiencinghomelessness.Shegot40pairsofsocksinasinglenight,fromasinglefloor.Thenextmorningsheopenedherdoortofindalotofsocksthatotherpeoplehaddonated.

ThatmorningofficiallykickedoffKnockKnock,GiveaSock（KKGS）,anewnonprofit（非营利的）organizationthathasnowprovidedover350,000pairsofsockstothehomelessacrossAmerica.Todate,over50collegesandhighschoolsacrosstheUShavejoinedKKGSovertheyears.

“Whilemanypeopledonateclothing,9outofevery10clothingdonorshaveneverdonatedsocks.Ontopofthat,peoplewhoaretryingtodonatesocksoftenfinditdifficulttodonateusedsocks,”shesays.“KKGSisoneoftheonlyorganizationsthatcollectsusedsocks.Wehavevolunteersknockingondoorsoftheirclassmatesinschool,oftheirworkmatesatwork,andevenoftheirneighbors.”

But,whetheryou’re26or62,youdon’tneedtowaittoorganizeyourownsockdrive,collectsocks,orevenwashandcleansomeofyourowntodonatetoyourlocalshelter,orsomeoneinneedwhoyoumeetonthestreet.

1.Howdidthehomelessman’swordsaffectLichtman?

A.TheycausedhertostartKKGS.

B.Theypushedhertogotocollege.

C.Theyencouragedhertohousethehomeless.

D.Theymadehercontinuetogiveoutsandwiches.

2.HowdidLichtman’sclassmatesreacttoherrequestfordonation?

A.Somerefuseditpolitely.

B.Theystronglysupportedit.

C.Somefeltquitesurprisedbyit.

D.Theyconsidereditunreasonable.

3.Whatadvicedoestheauthoroffertopeople?

A.Takeactioninsmallways.

B.Startyourownorganization.

C.Makedonationsfromanearlyage.

D.Findcreativewaystohelppeople.

B

Formostofus,thereisnodebate—bananasareyellow.Colorisn’tasobjectiveasyoumightthinkthough.Ourbraindecideswhatcolorwearelookingatbasedonthelightthatcomesintooureyes,andhowweseecolorsactuallyvariesalot.

Therearemanywayscolorcanconfuseourbrains.Positioningandshadingcanchangewhatwethinkwearelookingat.Twopeoplecanseethesamethingverydifferentlybecauseofhowourbrainsdealwithlight.

Howweseecolor,however,isgovernedbymuchmorethanjustourbodies.Ouremotionsoreventhetimeofyear,canchangehowoureyesandbrainsreacttowhatwesee.Yellowlooksdifferenttousdependingontheseason,accordingtoscientistsattheUniversityofYork.Inthesummeryellowappearsmore“greenish”whereasinthewinteryellowappearsmore“reddish”.Thisistheresultoflivinginanenvironmentwherethelevelofgreenlightincreasesinthesummer.Whenthetreesarefullofleaves,oureyesneedtoadapt.Withextragreenallaroundus,ourbrainhastorecheckitsunderstandingofyellow.

ResearchersinRochester,NewYorkhavefoundthatfeelingsadcanimpactonyourabilitytoidentify（辨别）colors.Participantswereshownsomesmallpiecesofclothwhichhadmost,butnotall,ofthecolorsremovedfromthem.Later,theywereaskedtoidentifywhatcolortheywerelookingat.AgroupwhohadwatchedthedeathofMufasainTheLionKingfoundithardertopickoutblueandyellowthanotherswhohadnotseenthefilm.Psychologistsbelievethatdopamine—whichcontrolsourbrain’srewardandpleasurecenters—hasanimpactonhowweidentifythesecolors.Sowhilecolormightseemtobeoneofthesimplestthingsinourworld,itisactuallyamysteryscientistsareonlyjustbeginningtosolve.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyfocuson?

A.Whyweseecolorsdifferently.B.Howourbrainsreceivecolors.

C.Whycolorsaffectouremotions.D.Howpeoplecanidentifycolors.

5.Whichofthefollowingisunabletoaffectpeople’sabilitytoidentifycolors?

A.Position.B.Intelligence.

C.Environment.D.Feeling.

6.Yellowlooksdifferentinsummerandwinterbecauseof___________.

A.people’sdifferentsightB.thedifferenttemperatures

C.thedifferentlevelsofgreenlightD.people’sdifferentbodyconditions

7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thesadfeelingweakenspeople’sabilitytoidentifycolors.

B.Wecanfindoutthesecretofdopamineinsomemovies.

C.Scientistshavefoundtheanswertothecolormystery.

D.Therearemanywaysthatcolorcanentertainourbrains.

C

Nursesplayavitalroleonthefrontlinesofthenovelcoronavirus（冠状病毒）pandemic.ButashortageoftheseessentialhealthcareworkerscouldposechallengesincountriesdealingwithagrowingnumberofCOVID-19cases.

"OneofthelessonsIhopetheworldlearnsfromCOVID-19isthatwemustinvestinnurses,"saidWorldHealthOrganizationDirector-GeneralTedrosAdhanomGhebreyesusduringaspeechTuesdayincelebrationofWorldHealthDay.

WHO'snew"StateoftheWorld'sNursing2020"reporthasidentifiedaglobalshortageof5.9millionnurses.ManyofthosegapsarefoundinAfrica,SoutheastAsia,theEasternMediterranean,andpartsofLatinAmerica.

Amongregionsoftheworld,theAmericashavethehighestdensityofnursesat83.4per10,000people,followedbyEuropewith79.3nursesper10,000people.Incontrast,thereare8.7nursesper10,000peopleinAfrica,15.6nursesper10,000peopleintheEasternMediterraneanregion,16.5nursesper10,000peopleinSoutheastAsia,and36nursesper10,000peopleintheWesternPacific.

Buttherearealsodifferenceswithinregions.IntheAmericas,forexample,countriessuchasBrazil,Canada,Chile,andtheUShaveahigherdensityofnursesatclosetoorover100per10,000people,distortingtheregionalaverage.Manyoftheneighboringcountriesintheregionhavelessthan50nursesper10,000people.InHaiti,thereareonly3.8nursesper10,000people.

Whenbasedoncountryincome,datainthereportshowsanunsurprisingtrend:

Thehighertheincome,thehigherthenursingdensity.Inlow-incomecountries,theaveragedensityofnursesis9.1per10,000people,whilethefigureforhigh-incomecountriesis107.7per10,000people.

Buttrainingmorenurseswon'tsolvetheproblem,saidDr.GiorgioCometto,WHOcoordinatoronhumanresourcesforhealthpoliciesandstandards.

"Ifthecountrylackstheeconomiccapacitytoemploythemortocreateeconomicopportunitiesforthemtoworkasnurses...trainingmorenursescanjustgointothedirectionofmakinglabormarketimbalances,resultinginunemploymentamongnurses.Andthat'sahugewastageofhumancapitalaswellasfinancialresources,"Comettosaid.

Thekeyisbalancingtrainingwiththecreationofemploymentopportunitiesinruralareaswherethereareknownhealthworkershortages.

Thatmaybeeasiersaidthandone,especiallyamongcountriesthataresufferingfromchronicorcomplexemergencies,inactiveconflict,orstrugglinginthewakeofconflict.Butinthesesettings,theinternationalaidcommunitycanarrangeitsassistancewithnationalprioritiesandcoveringrecurrentcosts,suchassalaries,withinaspecifiedperiodoftime,Comettosaid.

8.HowmanynursesareneededaccordingtoWHO'snew"StateoftheWorld'sNursing2020"report?

A.6million.B.8.7Million.

C.3.8Million.D.5.9Million.

9.Fromthefiguresinthepassage,wherearenursesmostneeded?

A.Africa.B.Haiti.

C.EasternMediterraneanregion.D.SoutheastAsia.

10.Basedonthecountryincomewhatdoesthedatainthereportshow?

A.Thehighertheincome,themorenursesare.

B.Thehighertheincome,themoredoctorsare.

C.Thelowertheincome,themoredoctorsare.

D.Thelowertheincome,themorenursesare.

11.FromwhatComettosaid,weknowthat___.

A.Itiseasytosolvetheproblemofshortageofnurses.

B.Itisnoteasytosolvetheproblemofshortageofnurses.

C.Trainingmorenursesisawaytosolvetheproblem.

D.Theinternationalaidcommunitycanarrangeitsassistanceallthetime.

D

Ifyou’veeverbeenonafishingboat,you’veprobablyseencrowdsofbirdsfollowingit,hopingtocatchasnack.Nowscientistsusethosebirds’behaviortotrackillegalfishingboats.

Researchersattacheddataloggerstothebacksof169albatrosses（信天翁）inIndianoceans.Weighingonly42grams,thedevicesincludedaGPS,whichenabledthemtodetectthepresenceandintensityofradarsignalsemittingfromboats.Thatinformationwasthensentbysatellite,sotheresearcherscouldtrackthelocationofthebirds—andthustheradar-emittingboats—inrealtime.

Thescientiststhencross-checkedthatdataagainsttheknownlocationsofboats,collectedfromasystemboatsusetodeclarethemselves,calledtheAutomaticIdentificationSystem（AIS）.Andnoticeabledifferencesappearedfrequently.

Morethanathirdofthetimesthebirds“loggers”detectedradarsignals,andthereforeaboat,butnosuchboatappearedintheofficiallog—meaningthatthevehicleshadlikelyswitchedofftheirAIS—somethingthatprobablyhappensinillegalfishingoperations.

Theworksuggestsbirdscouldbeaneffectiveboat-monitoringtoolaslongasillegalfishingoperationsdon’ttargetthebirds.

Fortunately,