GRE写作必背单词和短语.docx
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GRE写作必背单词和短语
写作必背单词和短语
1.counterproductiveadj.产生相反效果（结果）的
e.g.Itiscounterproductivetobetootough:
itjustmakesthestaff
resentful.
e.g.Althoughthespeakeroverlookscertaincircumstancesinwhichundue
skepticismmightbecounterproductive,andevenharmful,onbalanceI
agreethatweshouldnotpassivelyacceptwhateverispassedoffasfact;
otherwise,humanknowledgewouldneveradvance.
2.seminaladj.萌芽的，潜在的；开创性的；有重大影响的
e.g.intheseminalstate（在萌芽状态）||seminalthoughts||seminal
principle（基本原则）
e.g.aseminalbook/poet||Thisexperimentwastohaveaseminal
influenceonhisownpoliticaldevelopment.
3.forgov.放弃
e.g.Thechoicetoforgohissecurityisalwaysavailable,althoughitmight
carryunpleasantconsequence.
4.intuitionn.直觉
e.g.Iwilltrustmystrongintuitionthatfreewillisanessentialpartofour
beingashumans.
5.satisfyv.证明是正当的，公证的；为…寻找正当理由
e.g.Suchactioncanbesatisfiedonthegroundsofgreaterefficiency.
e.g.Inthefinalanalysis,governmentcannotphilosophicallysatisfy
assistinglargecitiesforthepurposeofeitherpromotingorpreservingthe
nation'sculturaltraditions;norisgovernmentassistancenecessarytoward
theseends.
6.resortto…诉诸…
e.g.thereisnonecessitytoresorttoviolentactionssuchasdemonstration,
riotorrebel.
7.hingeon…以…为转移，靠…转动
e.g.Theclaimthatsociety’sdestinyhingesonhowchildrenaresocialized,
whileappealinginsomerespects,isanover-statementatbest.
8.atbest最多，充其量；以最乐观的观点来看
9.collaborateto…
e.g.Forexample,scientists,researchers,andevencomputerprogrammers
mustcollaboratetoestablishcommongoals,coordinateefforts,and
meettimelines.
10.lendsomecredenceto…提供支持
e.g.Whileoureverydayexperiencemightlendcredencetothisassertion.
e.g.Recentadvancesinmolecularbiologyandgeneticslendsome
credencetothisposition,bysuggestingthatthesedeterminingphysical
forcesincludeourownindividualgeneticmakeup.
11.dimensionn.大小；体积；程度；范围
e.g.acreatureofhugedimensions.||Ididnotrealizethedimensionsof
theproblem.
e.g.Thereisadimensiontotheproblemthatwehavenotdiscussed.||
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variousdimensionsofhumanexperience.
12.detractorn.损毁者；贬低者
13.amountto…相当于；等于
e.g.Whatyousayamountstoadirectaccusation.
e.g.Evenwhereafictionworkamountstopurefantasy,withnohistorical
context,itcanstillholdmorelastingsignificancethanafactualaccount.
14.fruitionn.享用,结果实,成就,实现
e.g.Itisthefamousfewthatprovidevisionofthefuture,visionswhich
groupsthenbringtofruition.
e.g.bringone'splanstofruition||Afteryearsofhardwork,hishopescame
tofruition.
reapv.收获；收割
e.g.Theconsumerreapsrichrewardsfromthiscompetitivespirit.
15.inspirev.激励或鼓舞
e.g.Tobeginwith,learningaboutkeyhistoricalfiguresinspiresusto
achievegreatthingsourselves---farmoresothanlearningaboutthe
conditionsofgroupsofpeople.
16.providenecessaryimpetusfor…给与…动力
e.g.Itisalmostalwaysakeyindividualwhoprovidethenecessary
imputesforwhatotherwisemightbeagroupeffort,asdiscussedbelow.
17.favorv.赐予；给与
e.g.Hewasfavoredwithgreatintelligence.||adducefactstofavorone’s
contention.
18.paradigmn.样式；典范；范例
e.g.educationalparadigms
19.obscurev.使阴暗；使朦胧
e.g.Generallyspeaking,then,undueattentiontotheeffortsand
contributionsofvariousgroupstendstoobscurethecauseandeffect
relationshipwithwhichthestudyofhistoryischieflyconcerned.
20.takestepsto…采取措施…
e.g.takesteptohelpalleviatesocialproblems
21.serveusefulpurposesfor…有益于…
e.g.Iagreeinsofarassomecommoncorecurriculumwouldserveuseful
purposesforanynation
e.g.immediatedisclosurewouldhaveservednousefulpurposeand
mightevenhaveresultedinmasshysteria.
22.nascentadj.初生的
e.g.inanascentcondition/stage/state||anascentindustry/literature/art
23.reacha（fullyinformed）consensusasto…对于…达成共识
24.unfetteredadj.除去脚镣的；自由而不受约束的
25.irrespectiveofwhether…无论如何
e.g.Whilewemustinvestinresearchirrespectiveofwhetherthe
resultsmightbecontroversial.
26.drawadistinctionbetween…区分…
e.g.Oneusefulapproachistodrawadistinctionbetweenpersonal
moralityandpublicmorality.
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27.catalystn.催化剂；刺激因素
e.g.circumstanceoftenservesasacatalystforheroism.
28.accountfor…解释原因
e.g.Thiscombinationofveryhighdensityofpopulation,goodsand
services,andmachines,allincreasingwithalmostbrutalspeed,does
accountforsomereallyantisocialtendenciesinmodernurbangrowth.
29.provison.限制性条款；（附带）条件
e.g.Thecarpenteragreedtodothework,withtheprovisothathewas
paidinadvance.
e.g.Asidefromthetwoforgoingprovisos,however,Ifundamentally
disagreewiththespeaker’sclaim.
30.converselyadv.相反的
e.g.holdconverseopinions.||Withoutknowledge,wecanhardlysurvive
throughabominableconditions,dependingsolelyontheadmirationofthe
beingsderivedfromimagination.Conversely,withoutimagination,we
canaswellnotpossibletogetthroughduetotheimpedimentof
knowledgeandthedepletionofspiritualasylums.
31.corevaluesuponwhichany（democratic）societydependsto
thrive.一个社会赖以繁荣的价值核心
32.besuperior（in…）to…比更好，更优秀
e.g.thisengineissuperiorineveryrespecttothat.||whenevermoving
imagesarecentraltoaneventthevideocameraissuperiortoawritten
word.
33.proceedingn.行动,进行,会议录,学报
e.g.legalproceeding||governmentalproceedings
34.thwartv.反对；妨碍；挫败
e.g.thegovernment’sstrategiesforthwartingspecificplansofan
internationalterroristoradrugtrafficker.
35.publicpanic公众恐慌
36.unprecedentedadj.空前的，史无前例的
e.g.thesocietyischangingataspeedwhichisquiteunprecedented.
37.inexorableadj.不可阻挡的；坚持不懈的；无情的
e.g.Factsareinexorable||theinexorablemarchofscience
38.Scienceisonthemarch.||themarchofscience/events/time
39.makegreateffort努力；makeeveryeffort尽一切努力；
overcomeamyriadofpoliticalimpediments克服政治障碍
40.amyriadof无数，数不清
e.g.Eachgalaxycontainsamyriadofstars.
41.takeprecedenceover…居先于…;优先于…
e.g.Thisinterestmighttakeprecedenceoverthehistoricvalueofanold
structurethatstandsinthewayofaparkingstructure.
42.strikeabalanceamongcompetinginterest
43.serveasasubstitutefor…取代…
besupercededby代替；取代
e.g.Pragmaticbehaviorguaranteessurvival,whereasidealisticviewstend
tobesupercededbysimpler,moreimmediateoptions.
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44.源自于：
emergefrom…（ineveryageandculturesomeworthwhileartand
literatureemergesfromthemediocrity.）
stemfrom…（prevailingattitudesaboutsexualmoralitystemfromthe
ideasofkeyreligiousleaders）
springfrom…（thisdesiretoidentifyoneselfwithanexclusivesocial
groupseemstospringfromsomeinnatepsychologicalneedtodefine
one'sselfthroughone'spersonalassociations.）
45.坏影响；负面影响：
detrimentaleffectsof…（Inpolitics,thedetrimentaleffectsof
competitionareblatant.）
negative/adverseeffectson/to…
46.名人
notablefigures
celebrity
elite
personality（televisionpersonalities）
47.普遍；普及
prevailingadj.普遍的；流行的；占优势的（theprevailingviewin
Westerncorporateculture||prevailingprinciple）
popularadj.
prevalentadj.（Thehabitoftravelingbyaircraftisbecomingmore
prevalenteachyear.）
48.灌输；教育
instillv.（Courtesymustbeinstilledinchildhood||Moralitymaybe
instilledintotheirminds）
inculcatev.（inculcatetheyoungwithasenseofduty.）
impartv.（Agoodteacherimpartswisdomtohispupils.）
fosterv.养育,抚育,培养,鼓励（Frequentculturalexchangewill
certainlyhelpfosterfriendlyrelationsbetweenourtwouniversities.||
detectandfosterartistictalent.||tofosteraninterestinmusic）
nurturev.养育,给与营养物,教养（Whilethespeakermightoverlook
thebenefitsofnurturingcertainemotionsandfeels,onbalanceIagree
that…）
49.充满；装满
beladenwith…（Historyisladenwithunusualclaims||beladen
withresponsibility）
berepletewith…（Modernpoliticsisrepletewithexamplesof
whatmostpeoplewouldconsiderpersonalethicalfallings）
befraughtwith…（acomplexissuethatisfraughtwiththe
problemsofdefiningethics,morality,andsuccessfulleadership）
50.癖性；偏好
idiosyncraticadj.特性的；癖性的（Givenachoicetheywillpursuetheir
ownidiosyncraticareaofinterest.）
inclinationn.（followone'sowninclination||Ihavenoinclinationto
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beadoctor.）
51.若干重；若干刃
adouble-edgedsword双刃剑
e.g.Thistypeofadvertisementcanbeadoubt-edgedsword,whenthe
productdoesnotmaketheperson“belike”thepersoninthe
advertisement,therecanbedisappointmentanddisillusionmentwiththe
product.
atwo-edgedweapon双重武器
e.g.Asissooftenpointedout,knowledgeisatwo-edgedweaponwhich
canbeusedequallyforgoodorevil.
twofold/threefold/manifoldadj.双重/三重/多种
e.g.Wehavetoaskourselvesveryseriouslywhatwillhappenisthis
twofolduseofknowledge,withitsever-increasingpower,continues.
e.g.TheCityCouncilhasamanifoldplantobeautifythecity.
52.havelittlebearingon…与…无关
e.g.Moreover,assistinglargecitieswouldhavelittlebearingonour
distinctculturaltraditions,whichabideelsewhere.
withrespectto…关于
e.g.Personaleconomicsuccessmightbedueeithertoone'sinvestment
strategyortoone'sworkorcareer.Withrespecttotheformer,
non-conformistswithenoughrisktoleranceandpatienceinvariablyachieve
moresuccessthanconformists.Withrespecttothelatter,while
non-conformistsaremorelikelytosucce
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