人教版高中英语必修五workbook练习答案及听力原文.docx
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人教版高中英语必修五workbook练习答案及听力原文
教材练习答案及听力原文
Unit1
WARMINGUP
Answers:
1Archimedes,AncientGreek(287-212BC)Hewasamathematician.Hefoundthatifyouputanobjectintowaterthewaterpushestheobjectup.Itrisesandpartlyfloats.Theforceofthewaterpushingitupisthesameastheweightoftheobject.
2CharlesDarwin,British(1808-1882)TheOriginofSpecieswaspublishedin1859.Itexplainedhowplantsandanimalshadchangedovertimetofitinwithachangingenvironment.Atthetimeitwaspublisheditwasverycontroversial.ManypeoplebelievedtheBiblewhenitsaidthatGodmadethefirsttwopeople(AdamandEve)andthatallotherpeoplecamefromthesetwo.Darwin’sbookshowedthatpeoplehaddevelopedfromapesinstead.Sothiscausedalotofargumentbetweenreligiousandscientificpeople.HoweverDarwin’sideabecameveryinfluentialandisstillacceptedtoday.
3ThomasNewcomen,British(1663-1729)HeimprovedthefirststeampumpbuiltbyThomasSaveryin1698andturneditintoasteamenginefortakingwateroutofminesin1712.JamesWattimproveditstillfurtherinthe1770sturningitintothefirstmodernsteamengineusedontherailways.
4GregorMendel,Czech(1822-1884)Hegrewpeaplantsanddevelopedideasonheredityandinheritedcharacteristics.Heconcentratedoncross-fertilisingpeaplantsandanalyzingtheresults.Between1856-1863hegrew28,000peaplants.Heexaminedsevenkindsofseedandplantcharacteristicsanddevelopedsomelawsofinheritance.Thefirstisthatinheritancefactorsdonotcombinebutarepassedtothenextgenerationintact.Second,hefoundthateachpartnergiveshalftheinheritedfactorstotheyoung.Third,someofthesefactorsshowupintheoffspring(andsoaredominant).Theotherfactorsaremaskedbythedominantones(andsoarerecessive).
5MarieCurie,PolishandFrench(1867-1934)ShewasborninPolandandcametostudyinFrancein1891andshelivedtherefortherestofherlife.In1898shediscoveredradium.ShereceivedtwoNobelprizes,one(withPierreCurie)forphysics(1903)andoneforchemistry(1911).Sheistheonlypersontohavebeensohonoured.OnthedeathofherhusbandshetookoverhisjobattheSorbonneinParis.Herworkonradioactivityandthediscoveryofradiummeantthatshebegananewscientificareaofresearch.ShewasthefirstwomantoreceiveaNobelPrizeandthefirstwomantoteachattheSorbonne.
6ThomasEdison,American(1847-1931)Hewasalreadyaninventorofotherelectricaldevices(phonograph,electriclightbulb)whenin1882hedesignedasystemforprovidingNewYorkwithelectricityfromacentralpowerstation.Thiswasatremendousachievement,whichhadpreviouslybeenthoughtimpossible.
7LeonardodaVinci,Italian(1452-1519)Hewasafamousartistwhoseskillforshowinghumanskintonesmadehispaintingsseemtocomealive.Heusedtostudydeadpeopleinordertomakehispaintingsasaccurateaspossibile.Someofhisfamouspaintingsinclude“TheAdorationoftheMagi”andthe“TheLastSupper”.LaterinhislifehelivedinFrancewherehedesignedasubmarineandaflyingmachine.
8SirHumphryDavy,British(1778-1829)Hedidresearchintodifferentgasesanddiscoveredthemedicinalvalueofnitrousoxide(orlaughinggas)asananaesthetic.In1815hedevelopedasafetylampforminers.Previouslytherehadbeenmanyaccidentswhencandlesontheminers’helmetshadexplodedwhenitcameintocontactwithundergroundgasfromthecoaltheminersweredigging.Thesafetyhelmetmadeworkingundergroundverymuchsafer.
9ZhangHeng,Chinese(78-139)Heinventedthefirstseismographtoindicateinthedirectionofanearthquake.Itwasintheshapeofacylinderwitheightdragonheadsroundthetop,eachwithaballinitsmouth.Aroundthebottomwereeightfrogsdirectlyunderadragon’shead.Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragon’smouth,makinganoise.
10StephenHawking,British(1942-)Hehasworkedinastronomyandstudiedblackholesinspace.Hehasshownthatblackholesdonotonlyabsorbeverythingaroundthembut,fromtimetotime,throwoutmatteraswell.Thismaymarkthebeginningofnewgalaxies.Thisisanadvanceontheoldtheorywhichsaidthatblackholes“eat”everythingtheycomeacross.
COMPREHENDING
CAnswerkeyforExercise1:
1AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.
2JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.
3JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.
4JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.
5Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.
6Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.
7Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.
8KingCholerawasdefeated.
CAnswerkeyforExercise2:
1JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater.
2No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythosehouseholdsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.
3Threediseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARS,AIDSandbirdflu,becausetheyareserious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.
SamplesummaryforExercise3:
JohnSnowwantedtofindthecauseofcholera.Hebelievedthatpeoplebecameillaftereatinginfectedfood.Heusedthenextoutbreakofcholeratotesthisidea.Hestudiedasmallareaofhouseswhichgottheirwaterfromthesamepump.Manypeopleintheareadied.JohnSnowshowedthatthiswasbecausethewaterinthepumpwasinfected.Heshowedthatcholeracouldbedefeatedifpeopledrankcleanwater.
LEARNINGABOUTLANGUAGE
Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions
SuggestedanswerstoExercise1:
1victim2physician3analyse
4defeat5challenge6enquiry
7pump8blame9absorb
10link...to
AnswerkeyforExercise2:
1severe2suspected3exposed
4experts5cure6foresaw
7concluded8announced9attended
AnswerkeyforExercise3:
makeasuggestionmakeadecision
makeaplanmakeacontribution
makeaspeechmakeanoise
makeachangemakeadescription
makeaninvestigation
SomepossibleexamplesforExercise4:
1Theteacheraskedusnottomakefacesinclass.
2Itriedtomakefriendswithmyneighbourbuthewastoooldanddidnotwanttotalktome.
3Thebestwaytomakemoneyistostudyhardandgaingoodqualifications.
4Ididn’tlikethemtocollectmeintheircarsoImademywaytotherestaurantonfootbymyself.
5I’mtootiredtomakedinner,soIdecidetoeatout.
6Beforeyoupayforthatnewcarmakesureithasaguarantee,whichwillprotectyouagainstanyproblemsduringthefirstyear.
7Don’tmakeupyourmindaboutbuyingthathousetillyouhaveseenafewmore.
8Whenyouleaveyourflatinthemorning,itlookstidierifyoumakethebedbeforeyougo.
9Ihavetriedtomakeroomforheronthatcoursebuttherearejusttoomanypeoplealreadyattendingit.
Discoveringusefulstructures
SomepossibleanswersforExercise1:
1...whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.(attribute)
2HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepump.(attribute)
3Hebecameinterestedintwotheories.(pre-
dicative)
4Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunder-
stood.(predicative)
AnswerkeyforExercise2:
PastParticipleastheAttribute
(1)
PastParticipleastheAttribute
(2)
1terrifiedpeople
1peopleterrifiedof(cholera)
2reservedseats
2seatsreservedby...
3pollutedwater
3waterpollutedby...
4acrowdedroom
4aroomcrowdedwith...
5apleasedwinner
5awinnerpleasedwith...
6astonishedchildren
6childrenastonishedat/by...
7abrokenvase
7avasebrokenby...
8acloseddoor
8adoorclosedby...
9thetiredaudience
9theaudiencetiredof...
10atrappedanimal
10ananimaltrappedin/by...
AnswerkeyforExercise3:
1blamed/upset2tired
3disappointed4shocked/depressed
5excited6infected
USINGLANGUAGE
LISTENINGTEXT
AGREATCHINESESCIENTIST
FatheroftheChinesespaceprogramme
YuPing(YP)istalkingtoherfriendSteveSmith(SS)aboutQianXuesenandhisworkasarocketscientist.
Part1
YP:
Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup,Steve?
SS:
Iwanttobeanastronomerandvisitsstars.IwishtovisitMarsoneday.
YP:
IthinkI’dliketoworkinthespaceindustrytoo.I’dliketobearocketscientistlikeQianXuesen.
SS:
Whatdidhehavetodotobecomearocketscientist?
YP:
Well,hefirststudiedatuniversitytobeanengineer.LaterhewenttoAmericatostudyforhisdoctor’sdegree.Itwasthenhebegantoworkonrockets.
SS:
SoitwasluckyforourspaceprogrammethathecamebacktoChina.
YP:
Verymuchso.TherewasnoworkonspacerocketsinChinabeforehebeganhisinstitutetodesignandbuildrocketstogointospace.
Part2
SS:
Doyouthinkhewantedtotravelintospaceinoneofhisrockets?
YP:
IhavenoideabutIbelievehelookedforwardtothefirstspaceflightbyaChineseastronaut.
SS:
Yes.NowthatChinahassentsatellitesintospace.Ihopewe’llbethefirsttolandonMars.ThatwouldreallybesomethingspecialandifIwerethatastronautIwouldputQianXuesen’spictureonMarstoshowhowmuchweadmirehiswork.
YP:
Indeed.HeisrightfullycalledthefatheroftheChinesespaceprogramme.HeismyheroandheiswhyIwanttobearocketscientist.
SS:
Well,we’dbettergetonwithourhomework.Weneedgoodgradestogetintouniversity.
YP:
Rightyouare.