上海高考英语春考讲义第5讲 形近词5+阅读AB+重点词组+应用文日记 解析版.docx
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上海高考英语春考讲义第5讲形近词5+阅读AB+重点词组+应用文日记解析版
第5讲形近词5+阅读AB+重点词组+应用文日记解析版
一、高考形近词
O
1).observe观察,遵守(vt.)
deserve值得(vt.)
2).outofquestion毫无疑问
outofthequestion不可能的
3).object物体(n.),反对(vt.),objectto
objective目标(n.),客观的(adj.)
P
1).patn/v.轻拍
tapn.水龙头;v.轻打
slapn/v.掌击
rapn/v.敲,打
2).patentn/v/adj.专利
potentadj.强有力的
potentialadj.潜在的
3).peelv.削皮,剥皮;n.果皮
heeln.脚后跟,踵
kneelvi.跪下
reeln.卷筒,线轴;v.卷,绕
4).personal个人的
personnel人事部门;全体人员
5).poison毒害(vt.)
prison监狱(n.)
6).prayv.祈祷
preyn.猎物;v.捕食
7).precedev.领先
proceedv.进行,继续
previous先前的(adj.)
precious珍贵的(adj.)
8).principaln.校长;adj.主要的
principlen.原则
discipline纪律(n.)
9).prospectn.前景;v.勘探
perspectiven.透视法
10).property财产;性质
poverty贫穷
properly恰当地
11).protestv/n.抗议
protectv.保护
12).process过程(n.),加工(vt.)
possess拥有(vt.)
13).prominent明显的(adj.)
permanent长久的(adj.)
14).purposen.目的
supposev.假设
proposev.建议;打算;求婚
Q
1).quit放弃
quiz小测验
2).quality质量
quantity数量
二、语法填空
1.“InPuertoRico,itdoesn’tlooklikewe’velearned__________atall.”
答案:
anything
解析:
考察代词。
根据句意是我们什么都没学到,因此填anything。
2.Despitetheemergenceofmanyproblems,bikesharingcompaniesoffertransportflexibilityandhealthbenefitsto__________whousessharedbikes.
答案:
anyone
解析:
考察不定代词。
从定语从句whousessharedbikes可知,先行词应是人,又从句意可知,应是任何用单车的人,因此得出anyone。
3.Butwhat,youmayask,aboutwhowillneverspeakawordofEnglishoncetheyleaveschool?
答案:
those
解析:
考查定语从句,those做先行词译为那些人。
4.IfIhadn'tmademyplaceincountrymusicviaAmericanIdol,Iprobablycouldhavetriedtomake______fortherestofmylifeandnevermadeanyprogress,"shesays.
答案:
it
解析:
it;可判断本空填代词,根据句意指前半句theplace,故填代词it。
5.Itchargesalmost________tolistitemsforsaleandmakesmostofitsmoneyfromadvertising.
答案:
nothing
解析:
考查代词。
横线前有谓语动词,后有介词,故填代词,Nothing意思符合.
6.“Fireexchangewitheightmilitantsinthefirstapartmentledtokillingofthemandshootoutinthe_______apartmentkilledtwo,”saidthestatement,notingthatthegunfirewasstartedbythemilitantsanditcontinuedforfourhours.
答案:
other
解析:
考查代词。
首先空后面的“apartment”是名词,那么空里需要一个定语,因此词性可能是代词,形容词或者名词。
在语法填空的虚词题中名词和形容词都不是可填的词性。
因此这里应该填的是代词,充当定语。
再根据前文“Fireexchangewitheightmilitantsinthefirstapartmentledtokillingofthem”,在第一个公寓中同8个激进分子的交火中击毙了他们。
根据上下文的意思以及空所填词的词性可推测,另外两名激进分子是在另一栋公寓中被击毙的,因此这里应该填代词“other”。
7.NewYorkersusedtoseethegraffitionthewallsofpoorneighborhoodsandsubwaytrainsas________threatening.
答案:
something
解析:
考查的是代词,根据句意,把涂鸦看做是令人威胁的一些事,且形容词做后置定语,故填something
8.Further,theamountofconversationalturnsachildexperiencesdailyoutweighssocioeconomicstatusinpredicting________activityinBroca’sareaandthechild’slanguageskills.
答案:
both
解析:
考察代词。
在预测inBroca’sarea的活动及孩子语言技能方面,这是两方面,故both。
9.Heradvicetootherstudentinnovators?
“Startnow.There(28)can/shall/shouldbenothingholdingyouback.Somestudentsatcollegesoreveninhighschoolthink‘Oh,I’mastudent.Ijustneedtostudy.’__________maythinkitimportanttomakefriendsandbesocial.Thetruthis,youcandoalotofotherthings.Youcandowhateveryouwant.Justgoahead.”
答案:
others
解析:
此题主要考虑到前面有some,空缺部分和后面互补,所以填others。
10.Careerexpertssaysuchhabitualcomplainersarehighlycontagious(会蔓延的),whoseattitudecaneasilyaffectanentireteaminacompany.“Whilesomecomplaintsmightbereasonable,_________aretakenfromthinair.Youneedtoseebetweenthesedifferenttypesandadopttherightstrategytowardseach,”saidLiMing,HRmanageratWal-Mart(China).
答案:
others
解析:
此题主要考虑到前面有some,空缺部分和后面互补,所以填others。
高中英语阅读理解解题策略与技巧
一、专题精讲
高考题型和解题技巧
通过详细分析历年高考英语试卷,我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下几种题型:
主旨大意题,细节理解题,推理判断题(含写作意图、目的等),词义猜测题。
英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略是学生提高阅读理解多需要具备的。
(一)主旨大意题(几乎每年高考都有,1~3题)
这类题在设题时常会用到title,subject,mainidea,topic,theme等词。
1.归纳标题题
特点:
短小精悍,一般多为一个短语;涵盖性强,一般能覆盖全文意思;精确性强,表达范围要恰当,不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。
常见命题形式有:
What’s the best title for the text?
Thebesttitleforthispassageis___.
Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
例题精讲:
例1:
RoberF,Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslife.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.
ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisafaultyconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?
Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytotransformedgrowthintowell-beingthrowssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteria(标准)fromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamorecomprehensiveassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.
Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabudding(初见端倪的)economicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhueimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.
Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:
WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthemeremeasureofacountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.
So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes--allthingsthatcontributetoaperson’ssenseofwell-being.
ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheheralded(预示的)disasterandmayevenseeprogress.
63.whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.HighGDPButInadequatewell-being,aUKLesson
B.GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth
C.RebortF.Kennedy,apersonputsanendtoGDP
D.Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being
答案:
A
解析:
根据整篇文章主旨,是有关GDP但不够健康的UK课程,故选A.
例2:
Despitebeingusedby1.34billionpeopleeachyear,travelingontheTubeinLondoncanactuallybequitelonely.
Onecitizen,however,istryingtochangethis.“YougetontheTubeandit’scompletelysilentandit’sweird,”saysJonathanDunne,whohasstartedaworldwidedialogueaftergivingoutbadges(徽章)withthewords“Tubechat?
”lastmonth,encouragingpassengersinLondontogettalkingtooneanother.“Ihandedout500badgesduringrushhourinacityof8million,expectingmostofthemtobethrownaway,butafterabout24hoursitcompletelysnowb
alled,”hesays.Dunneandhis“Tubechat”campaignhavesincebeenreportedbymediaacrosstheworld,seeingTVinterviewsinSweden,BrazilandtheUK,aswellascountlesswebsite,newspaperandmagazineappearances.
AlthoughDunnesayshe,sreceivedmostlypositivefeedback,noteveryoneagreeswithhisidea.LondonerBrianWilsonrespondedwithacampaignofhisown,handingout500badgeswiththewords“Don’teventhinkaboutit”onthem.MichaelRobinson,24,astudentfromLondon,agrees.“BeingontheTubeistheonlypeaceandquietsomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoandfromwork.Itdoesn’tneedtobespoiledbypeoplecomingupandchattingtoyou,”hesays.
“PeopleassumethatIjustwalkupandtalktostrangers,whichIdon’t,butit’sbeenagreatwaytomeetpeopleyouwouldneverhavenormallyspokento,”Dunnesays.
SoifyoueverendupusingpublictransportintheWest,whynotsayhellotothepersonnexttoyou?
Justmakesuretocheckforabadgefirst.
62.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.TubeChatorNot
B.LonelyTravelintheLondonTube
C.SilenceontheTube
D.TubePassengersWearingBadges
答案:
A
解析:
通读全文可知,文章第二段介绍Dmrne和他的“Tubechat”运动引起了世界各种媒体的关注;第三段介绍一些人持不同的观点;最后一段建议如果要跟陌生人打招呼,先看看他有没有徽章。
据此可以判断,文章主要介绍了人们对于是否在伦敦地铁相互交谈持不同的观点,故A项最能概括文意。
2.概括大意题
包括寻找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(mainidea),常见命题形式有:
Whatisthegeneral/mainideaofthepassage?
Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainidea?
Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?
Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat_____.
Thepassage/textismainlyabout_____.
What’s the article mainly about ?
例1:
Thisisalistoftheoriginsofsomeslangwordsorphrasesthatwealluseregularly.ThesewordsarecommoninalmostallEnglishspeakingnations.
.......
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A.Themostcommonlyusedslangwordsintheworld.
B.Theoriginsofsomemostcommonlyusedslangwordsorphrases.
C.TheoriginsofEnglishwordsandphrases.
D.CommonwordsandphrasesinEnglishspeakingcountries.
答案:
B
解析:
根据这句话可知Thisisalistoftheoriginsofsomeslangwordsorphrasesthatwealluseregularly.故选B。
解题技巧:
阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文,这两种文体的结构可归纳为:
提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。
对于这类文章,抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。
主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。
主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况:
位于段首:
一般而言,以演绎法撰写的文章,主题句往往在文章的开头,即先点出主题,然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。
判断第一句是否为主题句,可具体分析段落的首句与第二,三句的关系;如果从第二句就开