老托福口语.docx
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老托福口语
老托福口语
001_I-01-13
002_I-01-23
003_I-01-33
004_I-02-14
005_I-02-24
006_I-02-35
007_I-03-15
008_I-03-26
009_I-03-36
010_I-04-16
011_I-04-27
012_I-04-37
013_I-05-18
014_I-05-28
015_I-05-39
016_I-06-19
017_I-06-210
018_I-06-310
019_I-07-111
020_I-07-211
021_I-07-311
022_I-08-112
023_I-08-212
024_I-08-312
025_I-09-113
026_I-09-213
027_I-09-313
028_I-10-114
029_I-10-214
030_I-10-315
031_I-11-115
032_I-11-215
033_I-11-316
034_I-12-116
035_I-12-217
036_I-12-317
037_I-13-118
038_I-13-218
039_I-13-318
040_I-14-119
041_I-14-219
042_I-14-320
043_I-15-120
044_I-15-220
045_I-15-321
046_I-16-121
047_I-16-222
048_I-16-322
049_II-01-122
050_II-01-223
051_II-01-323
052_II-02-124
053_II-02-224
054_II-02-325
055_II-03-125
056_II-03-226
057_II-03-326
058_II-04-127
059_II-04-227
060_II-04-327
061_II-05-128
062_II-05-228
063_II-05-329
064_II-06-129
065_II-06-230
066_II-06-330
067_II-07-131
068_II-07-231
069_II-07-331
070_II-08-132
071_II-08-232
072_II-08-333
073_II-09-133
074_II-09-234
075_II-09-334
076_II-10-134
077_II-10-235
078_II-10-335
079_II-11-136
080_II-11-236
081_II-11-337
082_II-12-137
083_II-12-237
084_II-12-338
085_II-13-138
086_II-13-239
087_II-13-339
088_II-14-140
089_II-14-240
090_II-14-341
091_II-15-141
092_II-15-241
093_II-15-342
001_I-01-1
[0:
4.1]Communityserviceisanimportantcomponentofeducationhereatouruniversity.
[0:
9.4]Weencourageallstudentstovolunteerforatleastonecommunityactivitybeforetheygraduate.
[0:
15.5]"Anewcommunityprogramcalled""OneOnOne""helpselementarystudentswho'vefallenbehind."
[0:
21.5]Youeducationmajorsmightbeespeciallyinterestedinbecauseitofferstheopportunitytodosometeaching
[0:
27.5]"---thatis,tutoringinmathandEnglish."
[1:
30.2]You'dhavetovolunteertwohoursaweekforonesemester.
[1:
33.6]"Youcanchoosetohelpachildwithmath,English,orboth."
[1:
37.7]"Half-hourlessonsarefine,"
[1:
39.5]soyoucoulddoahalfhourofeachsubjecttwodaysaweek.
[1:
43.3]ProfessorDodgewillactasamentortothetutors
[1:
46.5]---he'llbeavailabletohelpyouwithlessonplansortooffersuggestionsforactivities.
[1:
51.5]HehasofficehourseveryTuesdayandThursdayafternoon.
[1:
55.5]Youcansignupfortheprogramwithhimandbeginthetutoringnextweek.
[1:
59.8]I'msureyou'llenjoythiscommunityservice...
[1:
2.7]andyou'llgainvaluableexperienceatthesametime.
[1:
5.4]"Itlooksgoodonyourresume,too"
[1:
7.3]---showingthatyou'vehadexperiencewithchildrenandthatyoucareaboutyourcommunity.
[1:
11.9]"Ifyou'dliketosignup,orifyouhaveanyquestions,stopbyProfessionDodge'sofficethisweek."
002_I-01-2
[0:
0.7]Ihopeyou'veallfinishedreadingtheassignedchapteroninsurance
[0:
4.6]---sothatyou'repreparedforourdiscussiontoday.
[0:
7.3]"But,beforewestart,I'dliketomentionafewthingsyourtextdoesn'tgointo."
[0:
12]It'sinterestingtonotethatinsurancehasexistedinsomeformforaverylongtime.
[0:
17.9]Theearliestinsurancepolicieswerewhatwecalledbottomrycontracts.
[0:
22.5]Theyprovidedshippingprotectionformerchantsasfarbackas3000B.C.
[0:
28.2]"Ingeneral,thecontractswereoftennomorethanverbalagreements."
[1:
32.5]"Theygrantedloanstomerchantswiththeunderstandingthatifaparticularshipmentofgoodswaslostatsea,"
[1:
38.7]---theloandidn'thavetoberepaid.
[1:
41]Interestontheloansvariedaccordingtohowriskyitwastotransportthegoods.
[1:
46.2]"Duringperiodsofheavypiracyatsea,forexample,"
[1:
49.8]---theamountofinterestandthecostofthepolicywentupconsiderably.
[1:
53.9]"So,youcanseehowinsurancehelpedencourageinternationaltrade."
[1:
58.4]Eventhemostcautiousmerchantsbecamewillingtoriskshippingtheirgoodsoverlongdistances
[1:
3.7]---nottomentioninhazardousweatherconditionswhentheyhadthiskindofprotectionavailable.
[1:
9.5]"Generallyspeaking,thebasicformofaninsurancepolicyhasbeenprettymuchthesamesincetheMiddleAges."
[1:
16.3]Therearefourpointsthatweresalientthenandremainparamountinallpoliciestoday.
[1:
22.7]Therewereoutlinedinchaptersixandwillserveasthebasisfortherestoftheoftoday'sdiscussion.
[1:
28]Cananyonetellmewhatoneofthosepointsmightbe?
003_I-01-3
[0:
1.2]"LocatedattheNASAResearchCenterinIowaisa5,000-gallonvatofwater,"
[0:
6.8]"---andinsidethetankisanunderwatertreadmilldesignedbyDavaNewman,anaerospaceengineer."
[0:
14.5]ForfouryearsNewmanobservedscubadiversastheysimulatedwalkingontheMoonandonMarsonherunderwatermovingbelt.
[0:
23.4]ShewantedtodiscoverhowthegravityoftheMoonandofMarswouldaffecthumanmovement.
[1:
30]"Todothis,Newmanattachedweightstothediversandthenloweredthemintothetankandontothetreadmill."
[1:
36.7]Theseweightswerecarefullyadjustedsothatthediverscouldexperienceunderwater
[1:
43]---thegravityoftheMoonandofMarsastheywalkedonthetreadmill.
[1:
46.6]NewmanconcludedthatwalkingonMarswillprobablybeeasierthanwalkingontheMoon.
[1:
53]"TheMoonhaslessgravitythanMarsdoes,soatlunargravity,"
[1:
57.9]---thediversstruggledtokeeptheirbalanceandwalkedawkwardly.
[1:
2.7]"ButatMartiangravity,thedivershadgreatertractionandstabilityandcouldeasilyadjusttoapaceof1.5milesperhour."
[1:
12.2]"AsNewmangraduallyincreasedthespeedofthetreadmill,"
[1:
15.8]"---thediverstooklonger,gracefulstridesuntiltheycomfortablysettledintoanevenquickerpace."
[1:
22.7]"NewmanalsonotedthatatMartiangravity,thediversneededlessoxygen."
[1:
28.9]ThedataNewmancollectedwillhelpinthefuturedesignofMartianspacesuits.
[2:
33.5]"Comparedtolunarspacesuits,Martianspacesuitswillrequiresmallerairtanks;"
[2:
38.8]"---and,toallowforfreermovement,theelbowandkneeareasofthespacesuitswillalsobealtered."
004_I-02-1
[0:
0.1]WelcometoEvergladesNationalPark.
[0:
2.5]TheEvergladesisawateryplaincoveredwithsawgrassthat'shometonumerousspeciesofplantsandwildlife.
[0:
9.3]"Atoneandahalfmillionacres,it'stoobigtoseeitalltoday,"
[0:
12.8]---butthistourwillofferyouagoodsampling.
[0:
16.2]OurtourbuswillstopfirstatTaylorSlough.
[0:
19.4]Thisisagoodplacetostartbecauseit'shometomanyoftheplantsandanimalstypicallyassociatedwiththeEverglades.
[0:
25.9]"You'llseemanyexoticbirdsand,ofcourse,ourworldfamousalligators."
[1:
30.4]"Don'tworry,there'saboardwalkthatgoesacrossthemarsh"
[1:
33.4]---soyoucanlookdownattheanimalsinthewaterfromasafedistance.
[1:
36.8]Theboardwalkishighenoughtogiveyouagreatviewofthesawgrassprairie.
[1:
41.8]Fromtherewe'llheadtosomeothermarshyandevenjunglelikeareasthatfeaturewonderfultropicalplantlife.
[1:
48.7]"Forthoseofyouwho'dlikeacloserviewofthesawgrassprairie,"
[1:
51.7]---youmightconsiderrentingacanoesometimeduringyourvisithere.
[1:
55.7]"However,don'tdothisunlessyouhaveaverygoodsenseofdirectionandcannegotiateyourwaythroughtallgrass."
[1:
2.4]We'dhatetohavetocomelookingforyou.
[1:
4.9]Youhavethegoodfortuneofbeinghereinthewinter-thebesttimeofyeartovisit.
[1:
9.1]Duringthespringandsummerthemosquitoeswilljustabouteatyoualive!
[1:
13.1]"Rightnowthey'renotsobothersome,butyou'llstillwanttouseaninsectrepellent."
005_I-02-2
[0:
0.5]Thankyou.
[0:
2]"It'sgreattoseesomanyofyouinterestedinthisserieson""SurvivalinOuterSpace."""
[0:
7.1]"Pleaseexcusethecameras,we'rebeingvideotapedforthelocalTVstations."
[0:
12.5]TonightI'mgoingtotalkaboutthemostbasicaspectofsurvival---thespacesuit.
[0:
18.2]"Whenmostofyouimagineanastronaut,that'sprobablythefistthingthatcomestomind,right?
"
[0:
24]"Well,withoutspacessuits,itwouldnotbepossibleforustosurviveinspace."
[0:
29.5]"Forexample,outerspaceisavacuum---there'snogravityorairpressure;withoutprotection,abodywouldexplode."
[1:
37.3]"What'smore,we'dcookinthesunorfreezeintheshade"
[1:
40.9]---withtemperaturesrangingfromatoasty300degreesabovetoacool300degreesbelowzeroFahrenheit.
[1:
49.2]ThespacesuitthatNASAhasdevelopedistrulyamarvel.
[1:
53.1]Thisphotoenlargementhereisalife-sizeimageofanactualspacesuitwornbyastronautsonthelastspaceshuttlemission.
[1:
2.1]Thispartisthetorso---it'smadeofsevenextremelydurablelayers.
[1:
8.7]Thisthickinsulationprotectsagainsttemperatureextremesandradiation.
[1:
14.1]"Nextiswhattheycalla""bladder""ofoxygen"
[1:
17.7]"---that'saninflatablesac,filledwithoxygen,tosimulateatmosphericpressure."
[1:
23]ThisbladderpressesagainstthebodywiththesameforceastheEarth'satmosphereatsealevel.
[1:
29.2]Theinnermostlayersprovideliquidcoolingandventilation.
[2:
33.5]"Despiteallthelayers,thesuitisflexible,allowingfreemovementsowecanwork."
[2:
40]Anotherreallysophisticatedpartofthespacesuitisthehelmet.
[2:
44.1]Ibroughtonealongtoshowyou.
[2:
46]CanIhaveavolunteercomeanddemonstrate?
006_I-02-3
[0:
0.4]Goodevening.
[0:
1.5]"MynameisPamJones,andonbehalfoftheModernDanceclub,I'dliketowelcomeyoutotonight'sprogram."
[0:
8]"TheclubispleasedtopresenttheTVversionofTheCatherineWheel,TwylaTharp'srockballet."
[0:
15.1]Thisvideoversionoftheballethasbeenevenmoresuccessfulwithaudiencesthantheoriginaltheaterproduction
[0:
21.7]"---