老托福口语.docx

老托福口语.docx

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老托福口语

老托福口语

001_I-01-13

002_I-01-23

003_I-01-33

004_I-02-14

005_I-02-24

006_I-02-35

007_I-03-15

008_I-03-26

009_I-03-36

010_I-04-16

011_I-04-27

012_I-04-37

013_I-05-18

014_I-05-28

015_I-05-39

016_I-06-19

017_I-06-210

018_I-06-310

019_I-07-111

020_I-07-211

021_I-07-311

022_I-08-112

023_I-08-212

024_I-08-312

025_I-09-113

026_I-09-213

027_I-09-313

028_I-10-114

029_I-10-214

030_I-10-315

031_I-11-115

032_I-11-215

033_I-11-316

034_I-12-116

035_I-12-217

036_I-12-317

037_I-13-118

038_I-13-218

039_I-13-318

040_I-14-119

041_I-14-219

042_I-14-320

043_I-15-120

044_I-15-220

045_I-15-321

046_I-16-121

047_I-16-222

048_I-16-322

049_II-01-122

050_II-01-223

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091_II-15-141

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093_II-15-342

001_I-01-1

[0:

4.1]Communityserviceisanimportantcomponentofeducationhereatouruniversity.

[0:

9.4]Weencourageallstudentstovolunteerforatleastonecommunityactivitybeforetheygraduate.

[0:

15.5]"Anewcommunityprogramcalled""OneOnOne""helpselementarystudentswho'vefallenbehind."

[0:

21.5]Youeducationmajorsmightbeespeciallyinterestedinbecauseitofferstheopportunitytodosometeaching

[0:

27.5]"---thatis,tutoringinmathandEnglish."

[1:

30.2]You'dhavetovolunteertwohoursaweekforonesemester.

[1:

33.6]"Youcanchoosetohelpachildwithmath,English,orboth."

[1:

37.7]"Half-hourlessonsarefine,"

[1:

39.5]soyoucoulddoahalfhourofeachsubjecttwodaysaweek.

[1:

43.3]ProfessorDodgewillactasamentortothetutors

[1:

46.5]---he'llbeavailabletohelpyouwithlessonplansortooffersuggestionsforactivities.

[1:

51.5]HehasofficehourseveryTuesdayandThursdayafternoon.

[1:

55.5]Youcansignupfortheprogramwithhimandbeginthetutoringnextweek.

[1:

59.8]I'msureyou'llenjoythiscommunityservice...

[1:

2.7]andyou'llgainvaluableexperienceatthesametime.

[1:

5.4]"Itlooksgoodonyourresume,too"

[1:

7.3]---showingthatyou'vehadexperiencewithchildrenandthatyoucareaboutyourcommunity.

[1:

11.9]"Ifyou'dliketosignup,orifyouhaveanyquestions,stopbyProfessionDodge'sofficethisweek."

002_I-01-2

[0:

0.7]Ihopeyou'veallfinishedreadingtheassignedchapteroninsurance

[0:

4.6]---sothatyou'repreparedforourdiscussiontoday.

[0:

7.3]"But,beforewestart,I'dliketomentionafewthingsyourtextdoesn'tgointo."

[0:

12]It'sinterestingtonotethatinsurancehasexistedinsomeformforaverylongtime.

[0:

17.9]Theearliestinsurancepolicieswerewhatwecalledbottomrycontracts.

[0:

22.5]Theyprovidedshippingprotectionformerchantsasfarbackas3000B.C.

[0:

28.2]"Ingeneral,thecontractswereoftennomorethanverbalagreements."

[1:

32.5]"Theygrantedloanstomerchantswiththeunderstandingthatifaparticularshipmentofgoodswaslostatsea,"

[1:

38.7]---theloandidn'thavetoberepaid.

[1:

41]Interestontheloansvariedaccordingtohowriskyitwastotransportthegoods.

[1:

46.2]"Duringperiodsofheavypiracyatsea,forexample,"

[1:

49.8]---theamountofinterestandthecostofthepolicywentupconsiderably.

[1:

53.9]"So,youcanseehowinsurancehelpedencourageinternationaltrade."

[1:

58.4]Eventhemostcautiousmerchantsbecamewillingtoriskshippingtheirgoodsoverlongdistances

[1:

3.7]---nottomentioninhazardousweatherconditionswhentheyhadthiskindofprotectionavailable.

[1:

9.5]"Generallyspeaking,thebasicformofaninsurancepolicyhasbeenprettymuchthesamesincetheMiddleAges."

[1:

16.3]Therearefourpointsthatweresalientthenandremainparamountinallpoliciestoday.

[1:

22.7]Therewereoutlinedinchaptersixandwillserveasthebasisfortherestoftheoftoday'sdiscussion.

[1:

28]Cananyonetellmewhatoneofthosepointsmightbe?

003_I-01-3

[0:

1.2]"LocatedattheNASAResearchCenterinIowaisa5,000-gallonvatofwater,"

[0:

6.8]"---andinsidethetankisanunderwatertreadmilldesignedbyDavaNewman,anaerospaceengineer."

[0:

14.5]ForfouryearsNewmanobservedscubadiversastheysimulatedwalkingontheMoonandonMarsonherunderwatermovingbelt.

[0:

23.4]ShewantedtodiscoverhowthegravityoftheMoonandofMarswouldaffecthumanmovement.

[1:

30]"Todothis,Newmanattachedweightstothediversandthenloweredthemintothetankandontothetreadmill."

[1:

36.7]Theseweightswerecarefullyadjustedsothatthediverscouldexperienceunderwater

[1:

43]---thegravityoftheMoonandofMarsastheywalkedonthetreadmill.

[1:

46.6]NewmanconcludedthatwalkingonMarswillprobablybeeasierthanwalkingontheMoon.

[1:

53]"TheMoonhaslessgravitythanMarsdoes,soatlunargravity,"

[1:

57.9]---thediversstruggledtokeeptheirbalanceandwalkedawkwardly.

[1:

2.7]"ButatMartiangravity,thedivershadgreatertractionandstabilityandcouldeasilyadjusttoapaceof1.5milesperhour."

[1:

12.2]"AsNewmangraduallyincreasedthespeedofthetreadmill,"

[1:

15.8]"---thediverstooklonger,gracefulstridesuntiltheycomfortablysettledintoanevenquickerpace."

[1:

22.7]"NewmanalsonotedthatatMartiangravity,thediversneededlessoxygen."

[1:

28.9]ThedataNewmancollectedwillhelpinthefuturedesignofMartianspacesuits.

[2:

33.5]"Comparedtolunarspacesuits,Martianspacesuitswillrequiresmallerairtanks;"

[2:

38.8]"---and,toallowforfreermovement,theelbowandkneeareasofthespacesuitswillalsobealtered."

004_I-02-1

[0:

0.1]WelcometoEvergladesNationalPark.

[0:

2.5]TheEvergladesisawateryplaincoveredwithsawgrassthat'shometonumerousspeciesofplantsandwildlife.

[0:

9.3]"Atoneandahalfmillionacres,it'stoobigtoseeitalltoday,"

[0:

12.8]---butthistourwillofferyouagoodsampling.

[0:

16.2]OurtourbuswillstopfirstatTaylorSlough.

[0:

19.4]Thisisagoodplacetostartbecauseit'shometomanyoftheplantsandanimalstypicallyassociatedwiththeEverglades.

[0:

25.9]"You'llseemanyexoticbirdsand,ofcourse,ourworldfamousalligators."

[1:

30.4]"Don'tworry,there'saboardwalkthatgoesacrossthemarsh"

[1:

33.4]---soyoucanlookdownattheanimalsinthewaterfromasafedistance.

[1:

36.8]Theboardwalkishighenoughtogiveyouagreatviewofthesawgrassprairie.

[1:

41.8]Fromtherewe'llheadtosomeothermarshyandevenjunglelikeareasthatfeaturewonderfultropicalplantlife.

[1:

48.7]"Forthoseofyouwho'dlikeacloserviewofthesawgrassprairie,"

[1:

51.7]---youmightconsiderrentingacanoesometimeduringyourvisithere.

[1:

55.7]"However,don'tdothisunlessyouhaveaverygoodsenseofdirectionandcannegotiateyourwaythroughtallgrass."

[1:

2.4]We'dhatetohavetocomelookingforyou.

[1:

4.9]Youhavethegoodfortuneofbeinghereinthewinter-thebesttimeofyeartovisit.

[1:

9.1]Duringthespringandsummerthemosquitoeswilljustabouteatyoualive!

[1:

13.1]"Rightnowthey'renotsobothersome,butyou'llstillwanttouseaninsectrepellent."

005_I-02-2

[0:

0.5]Thankyou.

[0:

2]"It'sgreattoseesomanyofyouinterestedinthisserieson""SurvivalinOuterSpace."""

[0:

7.1]"Pleaseexcusethecameras,we'rebeingvideotapedforthelocalTVstations."

[0:

12.5]TonightI'mgoingtotalkaboutthemostbasicaspectofsurvival---thespacesuit.

[0:

18.2]"Whenmostofyouimagineanastronaut,that'sprobablythefistthingthatcomestomind,right?

"

[0:

24]"Well,withoutspacessuits,itwouldnotbepossibleforustosurviveinspace."

[0:

29.5]"Forexample,outerspaceisavacuum---there'snogravityorairpressure;withoutprotection,abodywouldexplode."

[1:

37.3]"What'smore,we'dcookinthesunorfreezeintheshade"

[1:

40.9]---withtemperaturesrangingfromatoasty300degreesabovetoacool300degreesbelowzeroFahrenheit.

[1:

49.2]ThespacesuitthatNASAhasdevelopedistrulyamarvel.

[1:

53.1]Thisphotoenlargementhereisalife-sizeimageofanactualspacesuitwornbyastronautsonthelastspaceshuttlemission.

[1:

2.1]Thispartisthetorso---it'smadeofsevenextremelydurablelayers.

[1:

8.7]Thisthickinsulationprotectsagainsttemperatureextremesandradiation.

[1:

14.1]"Nextiswhattheycalla""bladder""ofoxygen"

[1:

17.7]"---that'saninflatablesac,filledwithoxygen,tosimulateatmosphericpressure."

[1:

23]ThisbladderpressesagainstthebodywiththesameforceastheEarth'satmosphereatsealevel.

[1:

29.2]Theinnermostlayersprovideliquidcoolingandventilation.

[2:

33.5]"Despiteallthelayers,thesuitisflexible,allowingfreemovementsowecanwork."

[2:

40]Anotherreallysophisticatedpartofthespacesuitisthehelmet.

[2:

44.1]Ibroughtonealongtoshowyou.

[2:

46]CanIhaveavolunteercomeanddemonstrate?

006_I-02-3

[0:

0.4]Goodevening.

[0:

1.5]"MynameisPamJones,andonbehalfoftheModernDanceclub,I'dliketowelcomeyoutotonight'sprogram."

[0:

8]"TheclubispleasedtopresenttheTVversionofTheCatherineWheel,TwylaTharp'srockballet."

[0:

15.1]Thisvideoversionoftheballethasbeenevenmoresuccessfulwithaudiencesthantheoriginaltheaterproduction

[0:

21.7]"---