初高中英语衔接课程讲义7.docx

初高中英语衔接课程讲义7.docx

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初高中英语衔接课程讲义7

第七讲

三大从句

状语从句练习：

一、选择下列适当的连接词填空：

after,before,since,where,sothat,because,while,as,so…that（such…that）,unless,if,though,assoonas,as…as,when,till（until）

1.Youcan’tgointotheroom_____theyarehavingalesson.

2.Ineedahammerandnails____Iamgoingtorepairthechairs.

3._____theyarrivedatthetheatre,theperformancehadbegunalready.

4.Weshallcometoseeyou____wehaveaholiday.

5.Theykeptonworking______itwasveryhot.

6.ZhangLinspeaksEnglish______（fluently）_______anEnglish.

7.Shewassocareless_______shemadealotofmistakes.

8.Theydidn’tgohome_______theyhadworkedouttheirproductionplan.

9.______thepupilsbegantodiscusstheirstudyplan,theteacherlefttheclassroom.

10.EverygraduateoftheTeachersUniversityhasachancetoteach__hedoesn’twantto.

11._____youareverybusy,Ishalldothejobmyself.

12._____theweatheriscoldandwet,youhadbetterputonyourcoat.

13.Weshouldbealwaysreadytocareforandhelpothers_____LeiFengdid.

14.Heis_____acarelessboy_____heoftenmislays（错放）hisbooksandpens.

15.Weshallmeet____wehadthefirstmeeting.

二、下列各句中的简单句连接成带状语从句的主从复合句。

1.Don’tshutthewindow.Yougotobed.

1.Ican’ttellyouanythingaboutthepatient.Ihaven’tgotthedoctor’sinstruction.

2.Hespokeveryslowly.Wecouldhearhimclearly.

3.Youhaveabadcold.Youmuststayinbedanddrinkmuchhotwater.（since）

4.Openthewindow.Thefreshaircanflowin.

5.Ididtheexercises.Theteachertoldmehowto（doit）.（as）

6.Shelookedatme.Iwasastranger.（asif）

7.IsawmyoldclassmateWangHong.Irecalledsomeincidentsofourlifeinthemiddleschool.（assoonas）

8.Youkeeptrying.Youwillsucceedsoonerorlater.（solongas）

9.LiYingisaverydiligentpupil.Herteacheroftenpraisesher.（such…that）

三、将下列句中括号内的汉语翻译成英语：

1Iwouldliketohavealookatthenovel_________________-（在你读完之后）

2.________________________（即使你失败），youwillhavegotexperiences.

3.Theylostthegame_________________（虽然他们希望赢）

4.____________________（他们才离开月台）untilthetrainhadstarted.

5.Healwaysfindstimeforreadingnewspaperstohisoldmother_______（无论他多忙）

四、改下下列句中的错误：

1.Whentheyarrivedatthefootballfield,thegamestarted.

2.Youmustn’tcomeintotheroomwhilewehavealesson.

3.Shegaveupstudyingmathssinceitwastoodifficultasubject.

4.Hardlytheboyscameintotheroomwhentheysetupaloudnoise.

5.AfterIfinishedmyuniversitystudiesIshallspendayearintraveling.

6.Weshallgotoseeourauntifweshallhaveaholiday.

7.Althoughtheweatherisbad,butwedon’twanttoputoffthebasketballmatch.

8.ThefogwasverythickthatIcouldnotseeanythingclearlyaroundme.

9.Itwasfiveyearssincehejoinedthearmy.

10.Heissoacleverboythateverybodyloveshim.

二、名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（NounClauses）。

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词：

that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分

连接代词：

what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which

连接副词：

when,where,how,why

1、主语从句

主语从句在句中作主语。

它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。

例如：

Itiswell-knownthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.众所周知，台湾归属中国。

Thatthereislifeonanotherplanetisalmostimpossible.另一个星球上有生命几乎是不可能的。

2、表语从句

表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。

例如：

Thequestioniswhocancompletethedifficulttask.问题是谁能完成这项艰难的任务。

3、同位语从句

同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。

引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact,news,promise,idea,truth等。

连接词用that（不用which）及连接副词how,when,where,why等。

例如：

Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.我们队赢了的消息是准确的。

Hemadeasuggestionthattheoldmangiveupsmoking.他提出建议，那老人应戒烟。

4、宾语从句

宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。

例如：

Wecanlearnwhatwedonotknow.不知道的我们就学。

HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawintheUS.他会告诉我们他在美国所见的一切。

[重点]

名词性that-从句

1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。

That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。

常与确定语气的动词谓语连用。

名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：

主语：

Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.

宾语：

JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.

表语：

Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.

同位语：

Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.

形容词宾语：

Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.

7）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：

Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.

It’sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.

※用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

a.It+be+形容词+that-从句

Itisnecessarythat…有必要……

Itisimportantthat…重要的是

Itisobviousthat…很明显

b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句

Itisbelievedthat…人们相信

Itisknowntoallthat…众所周知

Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定

C.It+be+名词+that-从句

Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识

Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是

Itisafactthat…事实是

d.It+不及物动词+that-从句

Itappearsthat…似乎

Ithappensthat…碰巧

Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起

练习：

一、单项选择：

1.TheoldmanaskedHenry_____Englandnextweek.

A.whetherwillhegotoB.whetherwouldhegoto

C.whetherheisgoingtoD.whetherhewouldgoto

2.AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccess,shewonders____willhappentoherprivatelife.

A.thatB.whatC.itD.this

3.Weagreedtoaccept___theythoughtwasnotthebesttouristguide.

A.whateverB.whomeverC.whicheverD.whoever

4._____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.

A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever

5.------Haveyoufoundyourbookyet?

------No,I’mnotsure______Icouldhaveleftit.

A.whetherB.whereC.whenD.why

6.__seemsstrangetousis__thetroublesomeboyisgettingalongwellwithallhisteachers.

A.It;thatB.How;whatC.It;howD.What;that

7._______differentlifetodayisfrom______itwasfiftyyearsago!

A.What;whatB.How;whatC.What;thatD.What;how

8.Youmaytake_____bookyoulike,amongthesebooks.

A.whichB.whatC.whicheverD.whatever

9.BysuccessIdon’tmean____usuallythoughtofwhenthatwordisused.

A.whatisB.thatweC.asyouD.allis

10.WhenItrytounderstand____thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses.

A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitis

11.____hisstudentswereinterestedinhisclasswas_____theteacherwantedtoknow.

A.How;thatB.If;whatC.Whether;whatD.Why;that

12.Ithaskeptrainingforafewdays.Thisis_____thereissomuchwaterhereandthere.

A.howB.thatC.whetherD.why

13.------Arewegoingcampingtomorrow?

------It’snotdecided.__we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where

14.Noonewillbesure_____inathousandyears.

A.whatwilltheEarthlooklikeB.whattheEarthwilllooklike

C.theEarthwilllooklikeD.whatlookwilltheEarthlike

15.-----MsBlackdoesn’tlookashappyasbefore.

-----Itworriesherabit_____hersonisseriouslyill.

A.thatB.whileC.ifD.for

16.------Wherearemykeys?

Ilookedeverywhere.

------Howcarelessyouare!

They’re_____youleftthem.

A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere

17._____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.

A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because

18.______besenttoworkthere?

A.WhodoyousuggestB.Whodoyousuggestthatshould

C.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould

19.Picturewritingisthesimplestwayofputtinganideadownonpaper.Thatwas____manfirstbegantowrite.

A.whereB.whyC.thatD.how

20.Ourhometownisnolonger____itusedtobetenyearsago.

A.whichB.whenC.thatD.How

三、定语从句

Ⅰ.概念：

（1）定语从句：

在主从复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。

（2）先行词：

被定语从句修饰的成份。

先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

（3）引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用：

1）引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

2）必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）

常用的关系代词:

that、which、who、whom、whose、as

常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）:

when、why、where

ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.

Theboy（whom）youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.

定语从句三步：

第一找出先行词；

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；

第三选择合适的关系词。

Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法：

●that:

可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。

（指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which）（一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语）如：

1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.（主语）

2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?

3.Youcantakeanything（that）youlike.（宾语）

4.Whatisthequestion（that/which）theyaretalkingabout?

5.Hereistheman（who/whom/that）youwanttosee.

6.She'snolongerthegirl（that）sheusedtobebefore.（表语）

7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone（that）itusedtobe.

=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.

=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。

=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.

●which:

指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。

如：

1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主语）

2.Thebook（which/that）Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（宾语）

3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.

4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（表语）

5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.（定语）

6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.

●who,whom,whose:

who:

主格,在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人

whom:

宾格，在从句中作宾语;只可指人

whose:

属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.（主语）

Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.（代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.）

Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.（宾语）

He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.

=He'saman（whom/who/that）weshouldlearnfrom.

Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.（指人）

I'dlikearoomwhosewindow